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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
2124623
貨櫃航運:市場佔有率分析、產業趨勢與統計、成長預測(2026-2031)Container Shipping - Market Share Analysis, Industry Trends & Statistics, Growth Forecasts (2026 - 2031) |
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根據 Mordor Intelligence 預測,貨櫃航運市場規模將從 2025 年的 1196.5 億美元成長到 2026 年的 1231.4 億美元,然後在 2031 年達到 1420.7 億美元,2026 年至 2031 年的複合年成長率為 2.92%。

本報告按貨櫃尺寸(20英尺標準箱、40英尺大箱及其他)、貨櫃類型(普通貨櫃、冷藏貨櫃)、運輸方式(整箱貨運 (FCL)、拼箱貨運 (LCL))、終端用戶產業(快速消費品/零售、製造/汽車及其他)以及地區(北美、南美、亞太、歐洲、中東和非洲)進行細分。市場預測以美元計價。
全球貨物貿易正在復甦,這主要得益於消費支出趨於穩定和庫存補充週期的恢復,使得航運公司能夠將閒置運力重新部署到北美和地中海門戶港口。經紅海的航線延長暫時吸收了過剩運力,即使新船投入運營,也有助於維持運費。港口數據顯示,美國東岸樞紐港口的吞吐量實現了兩位數的成長,凸顯了貨櫃航運市場快速重新分配貨物流的柔軟性。雖然重新部署船舶的成本正在增加,但返程航次利用率的提高在一定程度上抵消了這一負擔。貿易成長的永續性仍然取決於家庭購買力以及地緣政治緊張局勢正常化的速度。
歐盟與南方共同市場於2024年12月簽署的協議預計將帶來560億歐元(618億美元)的額外貨物貿易額,並重塑南大西洋航線的服務結構。目前已在桑托斯和布宜諾斯艾利斯運營碼頭的航運公司正在開發專用環線,以確保先前在加勒比地區轉運的始發地和目的地之間的貨物運輸量。同時,根據《美墨加協定》(USMCA)的規定,北美近岸外包業務正在加強,墨西哥門戶港口處理運往美國的貨物佔有率不斷增加便是這一趨勢的體現。隨著區域化程度的提高,船隊負責人被鼓勵設計更短、更頻繁的航線,而不是僅僅依賴東西向的長途幹線航線。從長遠來看,貨櫃航運市場將受益於關稅壁壘的降低以及海關程序的統一,這些措施可以縮短貨物停留時間並提高服務的可預測性。
儘管2024年超低硫燃油的平均價格為每噸630美元,但航運業納入歐盟排放交易體系(ETS)後,歐洲內部航線的成本增加了每噸170至210美元。價格波動迫使航運公司透過燃油調整係數來調整運費,但這些調整往往落後於市場波動,從而擠壓了利潤空間。液化天然氣、甲醇和傳統船用燃料之間日益擴大的價格差異,使得多燃料籌資策略更加複雜。避險交易可以緩解部分問題,但這需要並非所有業者都具備的高階金融知識。因此,節能維修和降低航速仍是貨櫃航運市場應對成本衝擊的有效短期措施。
到2025年,40英尺貨櫃市場將佔總收入的50.62%,這體現了其作為行業旗艦產品的地位,它最大限度地提高了船舶負載容量,並能滿足鐵路和公路運輸的尺寸要求。由於設備更新換代和內陸基礎設施升級,40英尺貨櫃航運市場規模預計將會擴大,因為這些升級有利於高立方貨櫃的運轉率率。港口對雙吊裝起重機的投資進一步鞏固了該尺寸貨櫃在營運上的優先地位。 20英尺貨櫃對於開發中國家高密度貨物和基礎設施有限的碼頭仍然至關重要,但隨著托運人整合貨物以降低每噸碳排放量,其相對佔有率預計將略有下降。 45英尺貨櫃等特殊尺寸貨櫃滿足了托盤尺寸貨物的特定需求,但由於回程傳輸需求不足以及某些鐵路走廊的兼容性問題,其廣泛應用受到限制。
40英尺貨櫃的成長也得益於貨櫃追蹤的數位化。這提高了從門到門的全程可視性,並使大批量零售商能夠更有效率地進行庫存規劃。租賃公司正在加速船隊現代化,以部署智慧貨櫃技術,此舉提高了周轉率並減少了閒置時間。這些因素共同作用,將確保40英尺貨櫃在2031年之前繼續保持其在貨櫃航運市場的核心地位。
到2025年,通用貨櫃將佔總貨運量的63.40%,支撐著大部分消費和工業貿易流量。然而,在對溫控藥品和生鮮食品持續需求的推動下,冷藏集裝箱預計將以3.36%的複合年成長率成長,超過標準貨櫃。儘管初始投資成本較高,但更優異的隔熱性能、整合的遙測功能和更低的能耗正在提高冷藏運輸服務的盈利。製藥公司被檢驗的冷鏈走廊所吸引,該走廊使他們能夠在不影響產品品質的前提下降低成本,並正在將高價值生物製藥從空運轉向海運。在食品供應鏈中,為減少廢棄物,越來越多的生鮮食品採用配備連續監控功能的高精度冷藏貨櫃運輸。因此,航運公司正在新船設計中採用更大的冷藏電力連接,這表明他們對持續的高階需求充滿信心。通用貨櫃產業已進入成熟階段,在貨櫃航運市場仍佔據中心地位,創新更集中在防盜鎖和端到端追蹤功能上,而不是突破性的設計變革。
同時,基於二氧化碳的冷凍系統維修也在進行中,與老舊的氫氟碳化合物(HFC)冷凍設備相比,這些系統具有更高的能源效率和更低的全球暖化潛勢(GWP)。這些技術升級,加上食品和製藥行業的監管因素,預計將使冷藏貨櫃繼續保持收入成長的領先地位。
預計到2025年,亞太地區將佔全球收入的40.55%,鞏固其作為貨櫃航運市場製造業和出口驅動力的地位。中國近5%的GDP成長速度以及上海、寧波/舟山和釜山等港口自動化進程的加速,支撐了該地區的艙等需求。受東協供應鏈一體化和電子元件分銷的推動,亞洲內部貿易航線的航運頻率成長率最高。北冰洋航線作為亞歐之間夏季貨運的替代路線,進一步增強了該地區的韌性,但由於破冰船短缺和地緣政治風險,其使用仍然受到限制。對內陸鐵路網路和自由貿易區的持續投資支撐著該地區的強勁發展前景,預計到2031年,該地區的複合年成長率將達到4.12%。
在北美,受零售庫存補充和電子商務履約需求的推動,2024年貨櫃進口量恢復了13.1%。東海岸門戶港口,如薩凡納和紐約/新澤西,受益於托運人為規避西海岸勞動力市場的不確定性進行的多元化經營,以及為容納更大的新巴拿馬型船舶而進行的航道疏浚。墨西哥西海岸的拉薩羅·卡德納斯港正在吸引來自亞洲的直航航班,並提供通往美國中西部的鐵路連接。長灘碼頭正在進行維修,重點是採用零排放堆場設備,以符合州政府的法規,並加強該地區在貨櫃航運市場對環境的承諾。儘管潛在的勞資談判會帶來短期波動,但向陸上庫存緩衝和近岸外包的結構性趨勢正在支撐中期成長。
歐洲的情況喜憂參半。鹿特丹、安特衛普和布魯日等北方樞紐港在經歷了2023年的低迷後,貨運量略有回升;而地中海轉運樞紐港的貨運量則激增近30%,因為航運公司紛紛繞道蘇伊士運河。因此,儘管在歐盟海事燃料計畫(FuelEU Maritime)和歐盟排放交易體系(ETS)框架下監管成本增加,南歐的貨櫃航運市場規模仍然擴大。透過對港口社區系統和多式聯運鐵路走廊的投資,與內陸地區的連通性有所改善,但如果地中海樞紐港在危機期間成為繞行航線溢出貨物的避難所,則堵塞風險依然存在。與英國脫歐相關的海關摩擦有所緩解,但與2021年之前的水平相比,來自遠東的直達英國門戶港口的貨運量仍然較低。
According to Mordor Intelligence, the container shipping market size is expected to grow from USD 119.65 billion in 2025 to USD 123.14 billion in 2026 and is forecast to reach USD 142.07 billion by 2031 at 2.92% CAGR over 2026-2031.

This report is Segmented by Container Size (20-Foot TEU, 40-Foot FEU, Others), Container Type (General, Reefer), Service (Full-Container-Load FCL, Less-Than-Container-Load LCL), End-User Industry (FMCG & Retail, Manufacturing and Automotive, and More), and Geography (North America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East and Africa). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value USD.
World merchandise trade is recovering on the back of stabilizing consumer spending and restocking cycles, prompting carriers to redeploy idle capacity onto North American and Mediterranean gateways. Longer voyage distances caused by Red Sea detours have temporarily absorbed excess tonnage, protecting rate integrity even as new vessels deliver. Port call data show double-digit throughput rebounds at U.S. East Coast hubs, highlighting the flexibility of the container shipping market to redirect flows quickly. Equipment repositioning costs have increased, yet higher backhaul utilization is offsetting part of the burden. The durability of trade growth remains linked to household purchasing power and to how swiftly geopolitical flashpoints normalize.
The EU-Mercosur deal, concluded in December 2024, is set to unlock EUR 56 billion (USD 61.80 billion) in additional goods trade and reshape South Atlantic services. Carriers that already control terminals in Santos and Buenos Aires are preparing dedicated loops to capture origin-destination volumes that were traditionally transshipped in the Caribbean. Simultaneously, USMCA provisions are reinforcing North American near-shoring, a trend visible in the rising share of Mexican gateways handling U.S.-bound cargo. Broader regionalization is nudging fleet planners to design shorter, high-frequency strings instead of relying solely on long-haul east-west trunk routes. Over the long term, the container shipping market benefits from lower tariff barriers as well as harmonized customs processes that reduce dwell times and enhance service predictability.
Very-Low-Sulfur Fuel Oil averaged USD 630 / t in 2024, and the inclusion of shipping in the EU Emissions Trading System has added USD 170-210 / t for intra-European voyages. Price gyrations compel carriers to adjust freight rates through bunker adjustment factors that often lag market swings, eroding margins. Wide spreads between LNG, methanol, and conventional bunkers complicate multi-fuel procurement strategies. Hedging offers partial relief but demands financial sophistication that not all operators possess. Consequently, energy efficiency retrofits and slow steaming remain immediate tools to absorb cost shocks within the container shipping market.
Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:
For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.
The 40-foot segment held 50.62% of 2025 revenue, reflecting its status as the industry's workhorse unit that maximizes vessel stowage and aligns with rail and truck dimensions. The container shipping market size for 40-foot boxes is projected to grow alongside equipment replacement cycles and inland infrastructure upgrades that favor high-cube variants. Robust demand from electronics and apparel shippers reinforces fleet utilization, while sustained production of high-cube designs lifts per-unit load factors. Port-side investments in double-lift crane spreaders further cement the operational preference for this size. The 20-foot segment remains vital for dense commodities and infrastructure-limited terminals in developing economies, though its relative share is expected to edge lower as shippers consolidate loads to reduce per-tonne carbon footprints. Specialized sizes such as 45-foot units cater to pallet-wide cargo niches, yet their uptake is restricted by limited backhaul demand and compatibility gaps in certain rail corridors.
Growth in the 40-foot category is also supported by digitized container tracking, which improves door-to-door visibility and enables leaner inventory planning for high-volume retailers. Leasing companies are accelerating fleet renewal to incorporate smart-box technology, a move that enhances asset rotation and reduces idle time. Combined, these factors should keep the 40-foot segment at the core of the container shipping market through 2031.
General-purpose containers accounted for 63.40% of 2025 throughput, underpinning the bulk of consumer and industrial trade flows. However, reefer units are forecast to log a 3.36% CAGR, outpacing standard boxes on the back of sustained demand for temperature-controlled pharmaceuticals and perishables. Enhanced insulation, integrated telemetry, and lower power draw raise the profitability of refrigerated services despite higher capital costs. Pharmaceutical firms are shifting high-value biologics from air to ocean freight, lured by validated cold-chain corridors that deliver cost savings without compromising product integrity. In food supply chains, the push to cut waste is increasing the share of fresh produce shipped in high-accuracy reefers with continuous monitoring. Consequently, carriers are dedicating larger reefer plugs on newbuild designs, signaling confidence in sustained premium demand. The general-purpose segment, while mature, remains central to the container shipping market, with incremental innovation focused on theft-resistant locks and end-to-end tracking rather than on transformative design changes.
A parallel trend involves the retro-fitting of CO2-based refrigeration systems, improving energy efficiency and reducing global warming potential relative to older HFC units. These technology upgrades, combined with regulatory drivers in food and pharma, are likely to keep reefers at the forefront of revenue growth.
Asia-Pacific commanded 40.55% of 2025 revenue, reinforcing its status as the manufacturing and export engine of the container shipping market. Chinese GDP expansion near 5% and accelerated port automation in Shanghai, Ningbo-Zhoushan, and Busan are sustaining the region's slot demand. Intra-Asian trade lanes are registering some of the highest frequency growth, propelled by ASEAN supply-chain integration and electronics component flows. The emergence of the Northern Sea Route as a summer alternative for Asia-Europe cargo offers an additional resilience layer, though uptake remains constrained by ice-class fleet scarcity and geopolitical risk. Continued investment in hinterland rail networks and free-trade zones supports a robust outlook, with the region projected to deliver a 4.12% CAGR through 2031.
North America experienced a 13.1% rebound in loaded container imports during 2024, led by retail restocking and e-commerce fulfillment demand. East Coast gateways such as Savannah and New York-New Jersey benefited from shipper diversification away from West Coast labor uncertainties and from deeper channel dredging that accommodates larger neo-Panamax vessels. Mexico's west-coast port of Lazaro Cardenas is attracting direct Asia services, offering rail connectivity into the U.S. Midwest. Long-beach terminal retrofits emphasizing zero-emission yard equipment align with state regulations and bolster the environmental credentials of the container shipping market in the region. While potential labor negotiations pose near-term volatility, the structural trend toward onshore inventory buffers and near-shoring supports medium-term growth.
Europe's picture is mixed. Northern hubs such as Rotterdam and Antwerp-Bruges posted modest gains after a soft 2023, whereas Mediterranean transshipment hubs enjoyed volume windfalls of about 30% as carriers bypassed the Suez Canal. The container shipping market size in Southern Europe therefore expanded even as regulatory costs rose under the FuelEU Maritime and ETS frameworks. Investments in port community systems and intermodal rail corridors are improving hinterland connectivity, yet congestion risk lingers when Mediterranean hubs become overflow valves during crisis reroutes. Brexit-related customs friction has stabilized, although UK gateways continue to handle lower direct Far East services than before 2021.