歐洲垃圾焚化發電：市場佔有率分析、行業趨勢和統計數據以及成長預測（2026-2031 年）

據 Mordor Intelligence 稱，2025 年歐洲垃圾焚化發電市場價值 190.4 億美元，預計到 2031 年將達到 290.6 億美元，而 2026 年為 204.3 億美元，預測期（2026-2031 年）複合年成長率為 7.31%。

本報告按技術（物理處理、熱處理、生物處理）、廢棄物類型（都市廢棄物、工業廢棄物、農業和農業殘渣、污水污泥、其他）、能源生產（電力、熱能、其他）、最終用戶（工業發電廠、運輸燃料經銷商、其他）和國家（德國、英國、義大利、法國、北歐國家、其他）進行分類。

歐洲垃圾焚化發電市場的趨勢與洞察

促進減少掩埋處理，以符合歐盟廢棄物框架指令 2018/851 的目標。

該指令將2035年前掩埋的普通廢棄物量限制在10%以內，並敦促成員國提高對殘餘垃圾的熱處理能力。儘管2010年至2020年間掩埋量減少了27.5%，但仍有14個國家面臨違規風險，目前正在採購新的焚化和厭氧消化設施。波蘭和羅馬尼亞優先使用歐盟團結基金進行承包工程建設，並縮短核准流程以確保按時完工。由於能源回收在廢棄物管理層級中高於處置，市政當局正以提高專案盈利為由，爭取更高的接收費。東歐各國政府將垃圾焚化發電視為解決兩大挑戰的方案：一是減少掩埋，二是解決冬季電力需求尖峰時段的電力短缺問題，而這正是推動歐洲垃圾焚化發電市場需求成長的因素。

歐盟引入碳邊境調節機制（CBAM）正在推動對廢棄物衍生能源信用的需求增加。

隨著CBAM（碳排放交易機制）在2026年全面實施，以垃圾焚化發電取代石化燃料發電所減少的碳排放將以貨幣形式體現。低碳排放強度的設施可以獲得工業買家必須提交的優質認證，有效提升工廠的獲利能力。這些認證將提高新建設案的內部報酬率，尤其是在歐盟排放交易體系（EU ETS）價格往往超過每噸80歐元的情況下。開發商已開始安裝先進的廢氣處理設備來檢驗碳排放係數。該機制將透過對高碳排放電力進口商徵收類似的課稅，間接保護國內企業，進一步鞏固歐洲垃圾焚化發電市場。

都市區公民抗議和訴訟活動加劇

環保組織正以歐洲人權法院2024年氣候變遷措施的裁決為由，對許可申請提出質疑，導致核准流程延長。在阿姆斯特丹，一項計劃中的設施因居民請願而被叫停，馬德里也面臨類似的反對。法律上的不確定性推高了貸款機構的風險溢價，開發商也被要求在焚燒前證明其致力於徹底回收。雖然哥本哈根和其他城市的公共部門業主享有較高的社會認可度，但私人特許經營協議擴大納入了設立公民監督委員會的條款。這些趨勢正在減緩人口密集城市的專案開發速度，並限制歐洲垃圾焚化發電市場的短期產能擴張。

細分市場分析

到2025年，熱處理方法將佔該細分市場收入的59.40%，這主要得益於遍布19個歐盟成員國的成熟爐排燃燒設施。氣化和熱解試點計畫已獲得歐盟創新基金的支持，顯示二氧化碳捕集技術已成為政策優先事項。生物處理細分市場正以11.96%的複合年成長率成長，厭氧消化符合歐盟再生能源電力計畫（REPowerEU）到2030年生物甲烷產量達到350億立方公尺的目標。將有機物的預處理、分類和消化與廢棄物燃料燃燒相結合的綜合設施正在減少送往掩埋的殘餘物數量，並改善循環經濟指標。預計歐洲生物解決方案相關的垃圾焚化發電市場規模將從2026年的60.5億美元成長到2031年的106.6億美元，凸顯了投資者對低碳氣體的強勁需求。

日立造船Inova、Martin和Babcock & Wilcox等熱處理設備供應商正透過模組化爐排生產線和整合式氧氣燃燒回收口來應對這項挑戰。專案發起人目前正在設計廢氣處理方案，使其排放標準超過工業排放指令的限值，從而縮短後續回收系統整合的前置作業時間。生物處理技術供應商則專注於適用於小規模市政當局的貨櫃式消化器，以擴大目標處理量。透過調節氣流、爐渣處理和消化器停留時間，數位化控制系統已將運轉率提高至近92%，從而增強了整個歐洲垃圾焚化發電市場的收入穩定性。

到2025年，由於成熟的收集和物流系統以及最低限度的處置要求，城市生活廢棄物預計將佔總處理垃圾量的61.30%。然而，由於農民為了滿足硝酸鹽排放指令而將牲畜糞便和作物殘茬變現，農業及相關殘餘物正以每年11.12%的速度成長。在義大利和丹麥天然氣注入電網帶來的溢價推動下，到2031年，歐洲以農業原料為基礎的垃圾焚化發電市場規模可能達到74.4億美元。

肉類加工副產品和乳清是高產沼氣來源，其投資回收期可縮短至12個月以內，因此吸引了許多合作社所有的沼氣池。隨著城市人口的成長和廢水法規的日益嚴格，污水污泥的產生量不斷增加，供水事業正在安裝污泥焚燒爐以實現能源自給自足。商業和工業可回收廢棄物，例如包裝材料和紡織品，具有很高的熱值，但需要預先分類機器人來去除聚氯乙烯（PVC）和金屬。混合投入策略可以平衡熱值的波動，確保全年穩定的供應鏈，進而提高歐洲垃圾焚化發電市場的工廠運轉率。

其他好處

• Excel格式的市場預測（ME）表
• 3個月的分析師支持

目錄

第1章：引言

• 調查假設和市場定義
• 調查範圍

第2章：調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章 市場狀況

• 市場概覽
• 市場促進因素
  • 促進減少掩埋處理，以符合歐盟廢棄物框架指令 2018/851 的目標。
  • 歐盟引入碳邊境調節機制，推動了廢棄物衍生能源信用額度的需求增加。
  • 德國燃煤發電廠的快速淘汰正在產生對垃圾焚化發電的基本負載需求。
  • 北歐、中歐和東歐地區供熱的擴張，為熱電聯產和垃圾焚化發電廠提供了推動力。
  • 由於英國和法國掩埋場接收費的上漲，WtE（工作轉化為支出）的經濟效益正在提高。
  • 歐盟創新基金為碳捕獲型垃圾焚化發電設施津貼
• 市場限制因素
  • 都市區（阿姆斯特丹、馬德里）民眾對焚燒垃圾的抗議和訴訟愈演愈烈
  • 風能和太陽能發電量的激增導致批發電力價格下降，對垃圾發電收入造成壓力。
  • 歐盟工業排放指令下的許可程序延誤及工程前置作業時間延長。
  • 由於與先進的（化學）回收技術的競爭，塑膠原料外流。
• 供應鏈分析
• 監理展望
• 技術展望
• 波特五力分析

第5章 市場規模與成長預測

• 透過技術
  • 物理處理（廢棄物衍生燃料、機械處理和生物處理）
  • 熱處理（焚燒/燃燒、氣化、熱解、等離子弧）
  • 生物法（厭氧消化、發酵）
• 廢棄物類型
  • 一般廢棄物（MSW）
  • 工業廢棄物
  • 農業及農業相關工業殘渣
  • 污水污泥
  • 其他（商業廢棄物、建築廢棄物、危險廢棄物）
• 以能源生產量計算
  • 電力
  • 熱
  • 熱電聯產（CHP）
  • 運輸燃料（生物合成天然氣、生物液化天然氣、乙醇）
• 最終用戶
  • 公共產業及獨立電力生產商（IPP）
  • 工業私營發電廠
  • 區域供熱業務
  • 運輸燃料經銷商
• 國家
  • 德國
  • 英國
  • 法國
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙
  • 北歐國家（丹麥、瑞典、芬蘭、挪威）
  • 波蘭
  • 土耳其
  • 俄羅斯
  • 其他歐洲國家

第6章 競爭情勢

• 市場集中度
• 策略趨勢（併購、聯盟、購電協議）
• 市場佔有率分析（主要公司的市場排名和佔有率）
• 公司簡介
  • Veolia Environnement SA
  • SUEZ SA
  • Hitachi Zosen Inova AG
  • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co.
  • Martin GmbH
  • A2A SpA
  • STEAG Energy Services GmbH
  • Wheelabrator Technologies
  • EEW Energy from Waste GmbH
  • Indaver NV
  • AVR Afvalverwerking BV
  • Viridor Ltd.
  • FCC Environment Ltd.
  • Zabalgarbi SA
  • Tiru SA（Paprec Group）
  • Cory Group
  • Geminor AS
  • Remondis SE & Co. KG
  • Babcock & Wilcox Volund A/S
  • Keppel Seghers Belgium NV

第7章 市場機會與未來展望

According to Mordor Intelligence, the Europe waste-to-Energy market size was valued at USD 19.04 billion in 2025 and estimated to grow from USD 20.43 billion in 2026 to reach USD 29.06 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 7.31% during the forecast period (2026-2031).

This report is Segmented by Technology (Physical, Thermal, and Biological), Waste Type (Municipal Solid Waste, Industrial Waste, Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Residues, Sewage Sludge, and Others), Energy Output (Electricity, Heat, and More), End-User (Industrial Captive Plants, Transport Fuel Distributors, and More), and Country (Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Nordic Countries, and More).

Europe Waste-to-Energy Market Trends and Insights

EU Waste Framework Directive 2018/851 Targets Driving Diversion from Landfill

The Directive caps municipal landfills at 10% by 2035, pushing member states to add thermal capacity for residual waste streams. Landfilled volumes fell 27.5% between 2010-2020, yet 14 nations risk infringement, accelerating procurement for new incineration and anaerobic digestion plants . Poland and Romania prioritize EU cohesion funds to finance turnkey facilities, compressing approval windows to meet the deadline. Because energy recovery sits above disposal in the hierarchy, municipalities justify higher gate fees that improve project returns. Eastern European authorities see waste-to-energy as a twin answer to landfill diversion and winter-peak electricity deficits, underpinning demand across the European waste-to-energy market.

Upcoming EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Boosting Demand for Waste-Derived Energy Credits

CBAM's full launch in 2026 monetizes avoided emissions when waste-to-energy electricity displaces fossil generation. Facilities demonstrating lower carbon intensity earn premium certificates that industrial buyers must surrender, effectively subsidizing plant revenues. With EU ETS prices trending above EUR 80/tCO2, certificates enhance internal rates of return for new builds. Developers have started embedding advanced flue-gas treatment to verify carbon factors. The mechanism indirectly shields domestic operators because importers of carbon-heavy electricity face equivalent levies, further strengthening the European waste-to-energy market.

Escalating Public Opposition and Litigation in Urban Hubs

Environmental groups leverage the 2024 European Court of Human Rights ruling on climate action to contest permits, lengthening approval processes. Amsterdam halted a planned plant after resident petitions, while Madrid faces similar pushback. Legal uncertainties raise lender risk premiums and oblige developers to prove exhaustive recycling efforts before incineration. Although public-sector owners such as Copenhagen record higher social acceptance, private concessions increasingly include citizen oversight boards. These dynamics slow project roll-outs in dense cities and curb near-term capacity additions within the European waste-to-energy market.

Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:

1. Rapid Decommissioning of Coal Power Plants in Germany Creating Baseload Demand
2. District-Heating Expansion in Nordics & CEE Favouring CHP Plants
3. Declining Wholesale Power Prices from Wind & Solar Surge

For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.

Segment Analysis

Thermal routes generated 59.40% of segment revenue in 2025, driven by established grate combustion fleets spread across 19 EU members. Gasification and pyrolysis pilots now secure EU Innovation Fund support, indicating policy preference for capture-ready designs. The biological cluster grows at a 11.96% CAGR as anaerobic digestion aligns with the REPowerEU biomethane goal of 35 bcm by 2030. Integrated sites that marry front-end sorting with digestion for organics and combustion for refuse-derived fuel cut residual landfill volumes, boosting circularity metrics. The Europe waste-to-energy market size linked to biological solutions is projected to climb from USD 6.05 billion in 2026 to USD 10.66 billion in 2031, underscoring investor appetite for low-carbon gases.

Thermal suppliers such as Hitachi Zosen Inova, Martin GmbH, and Babcock & Wilcox respond by modularising grate lines and embedding oxy-fuel capture ports. Project sponsors now design flue-gas treatment to exceed Industrial Emissions Directive ceilings, shortening later capture integration lead times. Biological technology providers focus on containerized digesters suitable for small municipalities, broadening addressable volumes. Digital controls that adjust air flow, slag handling, and digester retention times raise availability by close to 92%, enhancing revenue resilience across the European waste-to-energy market.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) represented 61.30% throughput in 2025, thanks to mature collection logistics and minimum disposal mandates. However, agricultural and agro-industrial residues grow 11.12% annually as farmers monetise manure and crop residues to meet the nitrates directives. The European waste-to-energy market size attributable to agricultural feedstock could reach USD 7.44 billion by 2031, supported by gas-grid injection premiums in Italy and Denmark.

Meat-processing offal and cheese whey supply high-yield biogas streams that cut payback to under 12 months, attracting co-operative-owned digesters. Sewage sludge volumes climb with urban population growth and tighter wastewater rules, prompting water utilities to install sludge incinerators for energy self-sufficiency. Commercial and industrial recyclables such as packaging and textiles offer higher calorific value but demand pre-sort robotics to remove PVC and metals. Blended-feed strategies even out calorific swings and secure year-round supply chains, enhancing plant utilization across the European waste-to-energy market.

Complete Report Scope:

• By Technology
  • Physical (Refuse-Derived Fuel, Mechanical Biological Treatment)
  • Thermal (Incineration/Combustion, Gasification, Pyrolysis and Plasma-Arc)
  • Biological (Anaerobic Digestion, Fermentation)
• By Waste Type
  • Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
  • Industrial Waste
  • Agricultural and Agro-industrial Residues
  • Sewage Sludge
  • Others (Commercial, Construction, Hazardous)
• By Energy Output
  • Electricity
  • Heat
  • Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
  • Transportation Fuels (Bio-SNG, Bio-LNG, Ethanol)
• By End-user
  • Utilities and Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
  • Industrial Captive Plants
  • District Heating Operators
  • Transport Fuel Distributors
• By Country
  • Germany
  • United Kingdom
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Nordic Countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway)
  • Poland
  • Turkey
  • Russia
  • Rest of Europe

List of Companies Covered in this Report:

1. Veolia Environnement SA
2. SUEZ SA
3. Hitachi Zosen Inova AG
4. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co.
5. Martin GmbH
6. A2A SpA
7. STEAG Energy Services GmbH
8. Wheelabrator Technologies
9. EEW Energy from Waste GmbH
10. Indaver NV
11. AVR Afvalverwerking BV
12. Viridor Ltd.
13. FCC Environment Ltd.
14. Zabalgarbi S.A.
15. Tiru S.A. (Paprec Group)
16. Cory Group
17. Geminor AS
18. Remondis SE & Co. KG
19. Babcock & Wilcox Volund A/S
20. Keppel Seghers Belgium NV

Additional Benefits:

• The market estimate (ME) sheet in Excel format
• 3 months of analyst support

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Study Assumptions & Market Definition
• 1.2 Scope of the Study

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Market Landscape

• 4.1 Market Overview
• 4.2 Market Drivers
  • 4.2.1 EU Waste Framework Directive 2018/851 Targets Driving Diversion from Landfill
  • 4.2.2 Upcoming EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Boosting Demand for Waste-Derived Energy Credits
  • 4.2.3 Rapid Decommissioning of Coal Power Plants in Germany Creating Baseload Demand for WtE Electricity
  • 4.2.4 District-Heating Expansion in Nordics & CEE Favouring CHP WtE Plants
  • 4.2.5 Rising Gate Fees for Landfill Operations in the UK & France Enhancing WtE Economics
  • 4.2.6 EU Innovation-Fund Grants for Carbon-Capture-Ready WtE Facilities
• 4.3 Market Restraints
  • 4.3.1 Escalating Public Opposition & Litigation Against Incineration in Urban Hubs (Amsterdam, Madrid)
  • 4.3.2 Declining Wholesale Power Prices from Surging Wind & Solar Undermining WtE Revenue
  • 4.3.3 Permitting Delays Under the EU Industrial Emissions Directive Increasing Project Lead-Times
  • 4.3.4 Competition from Advanced (Chemical) Recycling Stealing Plastic Feedstock Streams
• 4.4 Supply-Chain Analysis
• 4.5 Regulatory Outlook
• 4.6 Technological Outlook
• 4.7 Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • 4.7.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • 4.7.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
  • 4.7.3 Threat of New Entrants
  • 4.7.4 Threat of Substitutes
  • 4.7.5 Competitive Rivalry

5 Market Size & Growth Forecasts

• 5.1 By Technology
  • 5.1.1 Physical (Refuse-Derived Fuel, Mechanical Biological Treatment)
  • 5.1.2 Thermal (Incineration/Combustion, Gasification, Pyrolysis and Plasma-Arc)
  • 5.1.3 Biological (Anaerobic Digestion, Fermentation)
• 5.2 By Waste Type
  • 5.2.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
  • 5.2.2 Industrial Waste
  • 5.2.3 Agricultural and Agro-industrial Residues
  • 5.2.4 Sewage Sludge
  • 5.2.5 Others (Commercial, Construction, Hazardous)
• 5.3 By Energy Output
  • 5.3.1 Electricity
  • 5.3.2 Heat
  • 5.3.3 Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
  • 5.3.4 Transportation Fuels (Bio-SNG, Bio-LNG, Ethanol)
• 5.4 By End-user
  • 5.4.1 Utilities and Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
  • 5.4.2 Industrial Captive Plants
  • 5.4.3 District Heating Operators
  • 5.4.4 Transport Fuel Distributors
• 5.5 By Country
  • 5.5.1 Germany
  • 5.5.2 United Kingdom
  • 5.5.3 France
  • 5.5.4 Italy
  • 5.5.5 Spain
  • 5.5.6 Nordic Countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway)
  • 5.5.7 Poland
  • 5.5.8 Turkey
  • 5.5.9 Russia
  • 5.5.10 Rest of Europe

6 Competitive Landscape

• 6.1 Market Concentration
• 6.2 Strategic Moves (M&A, Partnerships, PPAs)
• 6.3 Market Share Analysis (Market Rank/Share for key companies)
• 6.4 Company Profiles (includes Global level Overview, Market level overview, Core Segments, Financials as available, Strategic Information, Products & Services, and Recent Developments)
  • 6.4.1 Veolia Environnement SA
  • 6.4.2 SUEZ SA
  • 6.4.3 Hitachi Zosen Inova AG
  • 6.4.4 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co.
  • 6.4.5 Martin GmbH
  • 6.4.6 A2A SpA
  • 6.4.7 STEAG Energy Services GmbH
  • 6.4.8 Wheelabrator Technologies
  • 6.4.9 EEW Energy from Waste GmbH
  • 6.4.10 Indaver NV
  • 6.4.11 AVR Afvalverwerking BV
  • 6.4.12 Viridor Ltd.
  • 6.4.13 FCC Environment Ltd.
  • 6.4.14 Zabalgarbi S.A.
  • 6.4.15 Tiru S.A. (Paprec Group)
  • 6.4.16 Cory Group
  • 6.4.17 Geminor AS
  • 6.4.18 Remondis SE & Co. KG
  • 6.4.19 Babcock & Wilcox Volund A/S
  • 6.4.20 Keppel Seghers Belgium NV

7 Market Opportunities & Future Outlook

• 7.1 White-Space & Unmet-Need Assessment