6G通訊概述：材料、硬體和系統的市場與技術（2027-2047年）

概括

本報告是一份以商業為導向的研究報告，詳細分析了2030年6G通訊商業化及其後續重大技術進步所帶來的材料、硬體和系統領域的商業機會。報告共370頁，包含深入的見解和大量人工智慧無法取得的獨特資訊。作者擁有推出和成功管理多家高科技公司的豐富經驗，並在全球進行了深入訪談。本報告是Zhar Research 6G系列報告的核心報告，另有四份更詳細的分析報告可供尋求更全面資訊的讀者選擇。

注重材料和硬體的配置。

本報告主要針對高附加價值材料和硬體製造商及產品整合商，但對於價值鏈上的所有參與者，從投資者到設施管理人員，都包含有價值的資訊。報告圖文並茂，包括20個餅圖、23個關鍵結論、25項至2047年的預測（附表格、圖表和說明）、26項SWOT分析以及27個全新資訊圖表。報告尤其關注2026年前新研發成果的激增以及企業的最新動態和發展方向。此外，報告還包含基準數據；例如，6G目標每秒Terabit的通訊速度已被光衛星通訊和傳統光纖中繼超越。

目錄

第1章：執行摘要與結論

• 本報告的目的和背景
• 本報告的調查方法與重點
• 概述：應對 5G 的挑戰，實現遠超 5G 所能提供的演進。
• 這是否又是期望過高的情況，還是這些目標在 6G 第二階段可以實現？
• 這是一個超越物理層的、針對6G的激進演進方案的例子。
• 滿足 6G 主要效能目標所需的最低配置新硬體
• 關於 6G 通訊系統和硬體的 23 個結論和 8 個資訊圖
• 基於2024年及以後研究成果的6G材料優先排序分析
• SWOT分析
• 6G系統、材料和標準化藍圖
• 6G材料和硬體市場預測：附圖表和說明
  • 概述
  • 6G光學和光電材料/裝置市場
  • 6G 光學材料、溫度控管材料、基礎設施結構與客戶端設備市場
  • 6G全被動式超材料反射陣列市場：OWC整體市場
  • 6G RIS市場：基於頻率的主動式和半被動式類別比較
  • 全球6G硬體市場的區域市場佔有率
  • 智慧型手機及其後續機型的全球銷售數據
  • 6G 與 5G 基地台市場：設備數量與年度市場規模

第2章：引言

• 概述
• 6G的推出將分兩個階段進行，這是不可避免的。
• 主要 6G 基礎設施和客戶端設備類型趨勢
• 高層技術進步與需求對物理層的影響
• 所需半導體、晶片系統、自旋電子學、等離子激元學、太赫茲間隙
• 6G材料領域整體取得了突破性進展
• 參考資料：學術研究案例研究和2025-2026年最新市場研究。

第3章 光學與光電子領域的機會：傳輸、RIS、接收、電纜、處理、調諧、冷卻、自供電、感測器、透明性

• 概述
• Infogram：在基礎設施和客戶端設備中利用 6G 相關材料的機遇
• 資訊圖表：擴大 6G 中光/光電子技術的應用－9 個候選方案
• 我們分析了 6G 光學和光電子領域最新的 245 項研究進展，並確定了有前景的材料。
• 資訊圖表：航太領域 6G 硬體的機遇
• 6G非地面網路
• 6G基地台硬體的演進融合了多種光學和光電技術
• 光學技術在客戶端設備中的擴展：例如人機互動智慧型手機。
• 增加更高6G頻段和提升性能面臨的挑戰
• 主要結論
• 6G 光學元件的 7 項 SWOT 分析
• 2026-2027 年參考文獻

第4章：熱學和低損耗介電材料的機會：基礎設施和客戶端設備

• 6G基礎設施和客戶端設備溫度控管面臨的挑戰
• 空調需求增加的原因
• 冷卻工具包、多功能性趨勢、關鍵固體冷卻工具
• 6G通訊熱材料機會的SWOT分析
• 主要結論：6G的熱需求
• 主要結論：固體的散熱以及為何它在 6G 和一般情況下成為優先事項。
• 主要結論：能夠降低 6G 基礎設施和客戶端設備溫度的材料
• 主要結論：主要候選材料和結構的比較
• 對三種固體冷卻方法均成功應用時的最高性能（9 項）進行比較。
• 固體冷卻研究路線：依主題和技術成熟度分類
• 最新292項關於固體冷卻研究的關鍵資料
• 固體冷卻技術及相關材料分析的SWOT分析
• 透過傳導和對流散熱的材料
• 低損耗材料
• 參考

第5章 基地台和6G非地面網路（NTN）：UM-MIMO、機載基地台HAPS和其他無人機

• 概述：衛星通訊和高空平台系統對6G至關重要
• 向 UM-MIMO 技術的進步以及基地台的減少/消失
• 衛星和無人機：支持和受益於 6G 的技術，以及無人機網際網路的發展
• Internet of Drones
• 作為第六代技術的一部分，平流層高空平台系統（HAPS）
• 2026-2027 年參考分析

第6章 可重構智慧表面（RIS）和超材料反射陣列在增強傳播路徑和基地台的應用

• 概述
• 詞彙表
• 除了 6G 之外，RIS 對於許多其他應用也是必要的，從而降低了投資風險。
• RIS為6G帶來的優勢
• RIS背景
• 6G需要多樣化的RISS
• 十條總體結論
• 關於6G RIS的27個要點的詳細結論
• 關於 6G RIS 材料和組件機會的七項結論。
• 關於6G RIS成本挑戰的七項關鍵結論
• 關於 6G RIS 和反射陣列製造技術的六個關鍵結論。
• 五項與RIS相關的SWOT分析
• 2026-2027 年參考文獻

第7章：相關企業6G材料與硬體的39家公司：產品、計畫、專利及評估（Zhar Research出品）

• 概述：對預期中的 6G 硬體市場進行總體分析，對製造商進行案例研究，並探討專利申請趨勢（蘋果、英特爾、思科）。
• AGC（日本）
• 阿爾坎系統公司（德國）
• 阿里巴巴（中國）
• Alphacore（美國）
• 中國電信、中國移動、中國聯通、華為、中興、聯想和中國資訊通訊技術有限公司（CICT）之間的合作
• 愛立信（瑞典）
• 分形天線系統（美國）
• Greenerwave（法國）
• 華為（中國）
• 伊藤忠商事（日本）
• Kymeta公司（美國）
• 京瓷（日本）
• Metacept Systems（美國）
• Metawave（美國）
• NEC（日本）
• Nokia（芬蘭）、LG Uplus（韓國）
• NTT DoCoMo，NTT（日本）
• 橘子（法國）
• 松下（日本）
• Pivotal Commware（美國）
• 高通（美國）
• 三星電子（韓國）
• 積水（日本）
• Sensor Metrix（美國）
• SK Telecom（韓國）
• 索尼（日本）
• Teraview（美國）
• 維沃行動通訊（中國）
• VTT（芬蘭）
• 中興通訊（中國）

Summary

A new commercially-oriented report details your materials, hardware and systems opportunities arising from the launch of 6G Communications in 2030 and its subsequent radical improvement. It is the 370-page Zhar Research report, “6G Communications Grand Overview: Materials, Hardware, Systems: Markets, Technology 2027-2047”. Its deep insights and extensive original material are not accessible by AI. The author has created several successful high tech. companies and carried out deep interviews worldwide. This is the master report in the Zhar Research 6G Series. There are four drill-down reports for those that want even more on specifics. Previous editions have been bought by the leading players with no complaints received.

Materials and hardware orientation

The report is primarily intended for added value materials and hardware manufacturers and product integrators but it has much to interest all in the value chain from investors to facilities managers. It is strongly graphical, with 20 pie charts, 23 key conclusions, 25 forecast lines to 2047 as tables, graphs, explanation, 26 SWOT appraisals and 27 new infograms. Vitally, it analyses the surge of new research advances through 2026, and latest company activity and intentions. There is benchmarking. For example, the desired terabits per second have already been exceeded with optical satellite communication and regular fiber optic intermediary.

Grasp the essentials in one hour

The Executive Summary and Conclusions (57 pages) is an easy read for those wanting the basics, all conclusions, roadmaps and forecasts and key SWOT appraisals. The Introduction (62 pages) then sets the scene, explaining why two phases of 6G are now inevitable – incremental improvement mainly above the physical layer then disruptive advance heavily involving radically new materials and devices widely deployed to deliver magnitude improvements and new services. See the situation with primary 6G infrastructure and client devices by type, highlighting semiconductors, on-chip systems, spintronics, plasmonics, optics, optronics. Here are self-healing, self-cleaning and long-life materials for 6G. Required metamaterials and electrically-functionalised transparent glass are explained and 62 leading research papers from 2026 are listed, and some discussed, for old news is bad news in this fast-moving subject.

Your new materials opportunities

It is found that many familiar 5G materials and devices will be used in 6G Phase One but few of the targets can be met without new hardware providing such things as more electricity, self-powering, cooling and invisibility as 6G vanishes into the fabric of society and into aerospace. You will have huge opportunities from making mmWave transmission more practicable and adding optics and optronics. We explain how. That includes appraising far-infrared terahertz transmission and, at near infrared, deep fiber intermediary, radiative cooling and photovoltaics. Visible light for communication, signal processing, sensing, power and tuning are in the frame as well. That is why Chapter 3 covers “Optics and Optronics Opportunities: Transmission, RIS, Reception, Cable, Processing, Tuning, Cooling, Self-powering, Sensors, Transparency” in 36 pages with many advances and new directions decided through 2026 and seven SWOT appraisals. Here are base station hardware and issues, analysis of 245 latest research advances in 6G optics and optronics prioritising successful materials. There are infograms envisioning what is ahead from aerospace to underwater.

Chapter 4. Thermal and Low-Loss Materials Opportunities for Infrastructure and Client Devices (55 pages) reveals how 6G needs your skills in the new thermal conductors, insulators and solid-state coolers for increasingly-confined spaces of 6G client devices and in self-powered infrastructure.

Equipment needed

The focus then moves from materials and subsystems to equipment with Chapter 5. Base Stations and Non-Terrestrial Network NTN 6G: UM-MIMO, Tower in the Sky HAPS, Other UAV (31 pages) brought alive with the 2026 activities of Skeye, Airbus and others. Learn how drones will both benefit from and assist 6G. See why shared, solar-powered “HAPS” drones loitering at 20 km will become a very important part of 6G infrastructure, positioning over gaps in the weather below and where the needs are located, without signal impediment from movement. Ten times nearer than LEO satellites and aloft for almost as long, they land for repair and upgrade.

Improved performance from increased transmission frequency usually comes with poorer range, which sits awkwardly with intended ubiquity. Making things worse is the fact that those higher frequencies involve straight line transmission with poor penetration of obstructions. Consequentially, the modern version of the relay is essential for 6G. These laminar metasurfaces are therefore covered in Chapter 6. Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces RIS and Metamaterial Reflect-Arrays Enhancing Propagation Path and Base Stations (63 pages). The report then closes with the profiles in Chapter 7. 39 Companies Involved in 6G Materials and Hardware: Products, Plans, Patents, Zhar Research Appraisals: 2025-6.

Only “6G Communications Grand Overview: Materials, Hardware, Systems: Markets, Technology 2027-2047” gives you the essential insight and depth, constantly updated so you only get the latest.

Table of Contents

1. Executive summary and conclusions

• 1.1 Purpose and context of this report and background
  • 1.1.1 General
  • 1.1.2 Report layout
• 1.2 Methodology and focus of this analysis
• 1.3 Overview: fixing 5G shortcomings and going far beyond
• 1.4 Overpromising again but these targets may be met in a 6G Phase Two
• 1.5 Examples of planned 6G radical advances above the physical layer
• 1.6 Minimum new hardware that must be deployed to meet most 6G performance targets
• 1.7 23 conclusions for 6G Communications systems and hardware with 8 infograms
• 1.8 6G materials prioritisation analysis from research success 2024 through
  • 1.8.1 Thermal, dielectric, UWBG materials prioritised for 6G
  • 1.8.2 Research successes prioritised with 6G-related optical and optronic materials and devices
• 1.9 SWOT appraisals
  • 1.9.1 SWOT appraisal of 6G adding sub-THz, THz, near infrared and visible frequencies
  • 1.9.2 SWOT appraisal of Optical Wireless Communications for 6G
  • 1.9.3 SWOT appraisal of Visible Light Communications VLC
  • 1.9.4 SWOT appraisal of 6G Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces RIS
  • 1.9.5 SWOT appraisal of Simultaneous Transmission And Reflection STAR-RIS
  • 1.9.6 SWOT appraisal of 6G low loss material opportunities
  • 1.9.7 SWOT appraisal of 6G Communications thermal material opportunities
• 1.10 6G systems, materials and standards roadmaps in six lines 2026-2047
• 1.11 Market forecasts for 6G materials and hardware 2027- 2047 in 25 lines, graphs, explanation
  • 1.11.1 Overview
  • 1.11.2 Optical and optronic 6G materials and device market 2027-2047
  • 1.11.3 6G optical, thermal management material, structure for infrastructure, client devices $ bn 2026-2047
  • 1.11.4 6G fully passive metamaterial reflect-array market OWC and total $ billion 2029-2047
  • 1.11.5 6G RIS market $ billion: active vs 4 semi-passive categories by frequency 2026-2047 with explanation
  • 1.11.6 Percentage share of global 6G hardware value market by four regions 2029-2047
  • 1.11.7 Smartphone and successor billion units sold globally 2025-2047
  • 1.11.8 Market for 6G vs 5G base stations units millions, $bn yearly 2025-2047

2. Introduction

• 2.1 Overview
• 2.2 Two phases of 6G are inevitable
• 2.3 Situation with primary 6G infrastructure and client devices by type
• 2.4 How physical layer will be influenced by advances and requirements in higher layers
• 2.5 Semiconductors, on-chip systems, spintronics, plasmonics needed, THz gap
• 2.6 Radical advances in 6G materials in general
  • 2.6.1 Strong 6G trend from components-in-a-box to smart materials and metasurfaces with SWOT
  • 2.6.2 Future self-healing, self-cleaning and long-life materials for 6G with SWOT
  • 2.6.3 Electrically-functionalised transparent glass for 6G OTA, T-RIS
  • 2.6.4 The place of metamaterials in 6G
• 2.7 Further reading – academic research examples 2025-6 and new market research

3. Optics and optronics opportunities: transmission, RIS, reception, cable, processing, tuning, cooling, self-powering, sensors, transparency

• 3.1 Overview
• 3.2 Infogram: 6G materials opportunities with infrastructure and client devices 2027-2047
• 3.3 Infogram: increasing adoption of optics/ optronics for 6G – nine candidates
• 3.4 Analysis of 245 latest research advances in 6G optics and optronics prioritising successful materials
• 3.5 Infogram: Hardware opportunities from 6G in aerospace
• 3.6 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks
  • 3.6.1 NTN standards roadmap
  • 3.6.2 Infogram: Planned 6G hardware deployment showing much more optics, optronics
• 3.7 Evolution of 6G base station hardware including many optical and optronic technologies
  • 3.7.1 6G base station infogram showing emerging optics and optronics
  • 3.7.2 Windows as self-powered, self-cooling 6G RIS with five optical/ optronic layers
• 3.8 Client devices gain more optical technology: Human interfaced: smartphones, other
• 3.9 Challenges of adding higher 6G frequencies for targetted better performance
  • 3.9.1 Frequency choices
  • 3.9.2 Best THz range achieved in good weather with at least Gbps levels of data
  • 3.9.3 The case for multi-frequency 6G Phase Two including optical “so one gets through”
  • 3.9.4 Near-infrared frequencies used by fiber optics intermediary in 6G transmission
  • 3.9.5 Infogram: 6G Optical Wireless Communication OWC plus fiber optics scenario for Tbps
• 3.10 Key conclusions
• 3.11 Seven 6G optical SWOT appraisals
  • 3.11.1 SWOT appraisal of 6G adding sub-THz, THz, near infrared and visible frequencies
  • 3.11.2 SWOT appraisal of Optical Wireless Communications for 6G
  • 3.11.3 SWOT appraisal of visible light communication VLC
  • 3.11.4 SWOT appraisal of Optical Signal Processing for 6G
  • 3.11.5 SWOT appraisal of photovoltaics for 6G Zero Emission Devices ZED
  • 3.11.6 SWOT appraisal of terahertz far infrared cable waveguides in 6G system design
  • 3.11.7 SWOT appraisal of fiber optics in 6G system design
• 3.12 Further reading from 2026-7

4. Thermal and low-loss dielectric materials opportunities: infrastructure, client devices

• 4.1 Challenges of thermal management of 6G infrastructure and client devices
• 4.2 Some reasons for the escalating need for cooling
• 4.3 Cooling toolkit, trend to multifunctionality with best solid-state cooling tools shown red
• 4.4 SWOT appraisal of 6G Communications thermal material opportunities
• 4.5 Key conclusions: 6G thermal requirements
• 4.6 Key conclusions: solid-state cooling and why it is now a priority for 6G and generally
• 4.7 Key conclusions: Materials for making cold in 6G infrastructure and client devices
  • 4.7.1 General situation
  • 4.7.2 Prioritisation of compounds in recent research relevant to 6G thermal requirements
• 4.8 Key conclusions: leading candidate materials and structures compared
• 4.9 Superlatives between the three solid-state cooling options if they are successful (9 columns)
• 4.10 Research pipeline of solid-state cooling by topic vs technology readiness level
• 4.11 Leading materials in 292 latest research advances on solid state cooling generally
• 4.12 Solid-state cooling technology SWOT appraisals and supporting materials analyses
  • 4.12.1 Solid state cooling SWOT appraisal
  • 4.12.2 Leading materials in 292 latest research advances in solid state cooling generally
  • 4.12.3 SWOT appraisal of PRC/ PDRC and prioritisation of most successful materials in research
  • 4.12.4 SWOT appraisal of Janus effect for thermal management
  • 4.12.5 SWOT appraisal of anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling
  • 4.12.6 SWOT appraisal of thermal metamaterials which mainly support PRC
  • 4.12.7 SWOT appraisal of electrocaloric cooling and materials analysis
  • 4.12.8 SWOT appraisal of magnetocaloric cooling and materials analysis
  • 4.12.9 SWOT appraisal of elastocaloric cooling and materials analysis
  • 4.12.10 SWOT appraisal of barocaloric cooling and materials analysis
• 4.13 Materials for removing heat by conduction and convection
• 4.14 Low-loss materials
• 4.15 Further reading from

5. Base stations and Non-Terrestrial Network NTN 6G: UM-MIMO, Tower in the Sky HAPS, other UAV

• 5.1 Overview: satcoms and HAPS essential for 6G
• 5.2 Progress to UM-MIMO and vanishing base stations
• 5.3 Satellites, drones both aid and benefit from 6G, Internet of Drones: advances through
• 5.4 Internet of Drones
• 5.5 Stratospheric HAPS as part of 6G
  • 5.5.1 Overview
  • 5.5.2 Skeye USA
  • 5.5.3 Airbus Aalto subsidiary: Zephyr Europe
• 5.6 Further reading analysed from 2026-7

6. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces RIS and metamaterial reflect-arrays enhancing propagation path and base stations

• 6.1 Overview
• 6.2 Terminology thicket
• 6.3 RIS needed for many purposes beyond 6G, derisking investment
• 6.4 How RIS will benefit 6G
• 6.5 Background to RIS
  • 6.5.1 Useful for 5G but essential for 6G
  • 6.5.2 Strong focus now: RIS Google, research paper, patent trends, trending RIS topics
  • 6.5.3 Dreams of RIS everywhere: infograms
• 6.6 Many types of RIS needed for 6G
• 6.7 Ten general conclusions
• 6.8 27 detailed conclusions concerning 6G RIS
• 6.9 Seven conclusions concerning 6G RIS materials and component opportunities
• 6.10 Seven key conclusions concerning 6G RIS cost issues
• 6.11 Six key conclusions concerning 6G RIS and reflect-array manufacturing technology
• 6.12 Five RIS SWOT appraisals
• 6.13 Further reading from 2026-7

7. 39 companies involved in 6G materials and hardware: products, plans, patents, Zhar Research appraisals: 2025-6

• 7.1 Overview: Likely 6G hardware landscape with examples of manufacturers and patenting trends, Apple, Intel, Cisco
  • 7.1.1 Rapidly changing situation 2025-6
  • 7.1.2 Examples of material patenting and literature trends
• 7.2 AGC Japan
• 7.3 Alcan Systems Germany
• 7.4 Alibaba China
• 7.5 Alphacore USA
• 7.6 China Telecom China Mobile, China Unicom, Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo, CICT China collaboration
• 7.7 Ericsson Sweden
• 7.8 Fractal Antenna Systems USA
• 7.9 Greenerwave France
• 7.10 Huawei China
• 7.11 ITOCHU Japan
• 7.12 Kymeta Corp. USA
• 7.13 Kyocera Japan
• 7.14 Metacept Systems USA
• 7.15 Metawave USA
• 7.16 NEC Japan
• 7.17 Nokia Finland with LG Uplus South Korea
• 7.18 NTT DoCoMo and NTTJapan
• 7.19 Orange France
• 7.20 Panasonic Japan
• 7.21 Pivotal Commware USA
• 7.22 Qualcomm USA
• 7.23 Samsung Electronic South Korea
• 7.24 Sekisui Japan
• 7.25 SensorMetrix USA
• 7.26 SK Telecom South Korea
• 7.27 Sony Japan
• 7.28 Teraview USA
• 7.29 Vivo Mobile Communications China
• 7.30 VTT Finland
• 7.31 ZTE China