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市場調查報告書
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1963675

銅市場：全球產業分析、規模、佔有率、成長、趨勢和預測（2025-2032）

Copper Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2025-2032
出版日期: | 出版商: Persistence Market Research | 英文 195 Pages | 商品交期: 2-5個工作天內

價格
簡介目錄

主要洞察：銅市場

  • 銅市場規模（2025年預測）：2,975億美元
  • 預計市場規模（2032年）：4,131億美元
  • 全球市場成長率（2025年至2032年複合年成長率）：4.8%

銅市場－研究範圍：

銅市場涵蓋原銅和再生銅的生產、加工和分銷，這些銅廣泛應用於各個工業領域。銅因其優異的導電性、導熱性、耐腐蝕性和可回收性而成為重要的工業金屬。它在基礎設施建設、交通系統、工業機械、消費品和建築施工中發揮著至關重要的作用。都市化進程的加速、可再生能源系統的擴展以及開發中國家和已開發國家電氣化率的提高，都顯著地推動了對銅的需求。銅市場包含各種產品形式，例如線材、棒材、扁鋼、管材和箔材，以滿足各種工業應用的需求。隨著永續和循環經濟的不斷發展，再生銅在全球供應鏈中的重要性也日益凸顯。

市場成長促進因素：

全球銅市場的主要驅動力是基礎建設、建設活動和全球工業擴張所帶來的需求成長。快速的都市化以及對發電和輸電網路的大規模投資正在推動銅的消費，尤其是在電線電纜應用領域。交通運輸業的成長，包括電動車和鐵路基礎設施，由於電機、電池和電氣系統中廣泛使用銅，進一步刺激了銅的需求。可再生能源設施（例如太陽能和發電工程）的擴張也顯著推動了銅的需求，因為銅在儲能和輸電系統中至關重要。此外，家用電器和工業設備需求的成長也支撐了預測期內市場的穩定成長。

市場限制：

儘管銅市場穩步擴張，但仍面臨一些可能抑制其成長的挑戰。礦山產量波動、地緣政治不確定性以及全球經濟狀況等因素導致的價格波動可能會影響供應安全和獲利能力。與採礦活動和碳排放相關的環境法規可能會導致生產商營運成本增加。高等級礦石蘊藏量有限和採礦成本上升可能會進一步降低生產效率。此外，供應鏈中斷和貿易限制可能會造成供需失衡，尤其是在高度工業化的地區。

市場機會：

在全球轉型為電氣化和可再生能源系統的大背景下，銅市場蘊藏著巨大的發展機會。電動車的日益普及和充電基礎設施的建設預計將創造對銅組件的長期需求。智慧電網的擴展和老舊電力基礎設施的現代化改造也為市場成長提供了更多途徑。對回收和再生銅生產的日益重視，為永續供應管理和成本最佳化提供了機會。亞太、拉丁美洲以及中東和非洲等新興經濟體的快速工業和基礎設施發展，為銅生產商和供應商創造了新的投資機會。加工和提煉技術的進步也有望提升營運效率和市場競爭力。

本報告解答的關鍵問題：

  • 推動全球銅市場成長的關鍵因素有哪些？
  • 哪些產品類型和終端用戶產業對銅的需求量最大？
  • 向電氣化和可再生能源的轉變對銅的消費模式有何影響？
  • 全球銅市場的主要參與者有哪些？他們正在採取哪些策略來保持競爭力？
  • 全球銅市場有哪些新興趨勢和長期前景？

目錄

第1章執行摘要

第2章 市場概覽

  • 市場範圍和定義
  • 市場動態
    • 促進要素
    • 抑制因素
    • 機會
    • 主要趨勢
  • 宏觀經濟因素
  • 新冠疫情影響分析
  • 預測因子－相關性和影響

第3章 加值見解

  • 產品採納分析
  • 監管狀態
  • 價值鏈分析
  • PESTLE分析
  • 波特五力分析

第4章 定價分析，2024年

  • 主要亮點
  • 銅的價格波動取決於銅的類型。
  • 按產品類型分類的成本構成

第5章 全球銅市場展望

  • 主要亮點
    • 市場規模（單位）預測
    • 市場規模和年成長率
    • 絕對商機
  • 市場規模與銷售量（單位）分析與預測
    • 2019年至2024年市場規模表現分析
    • 市場規模分析及預測（2025-2032年）
  • 全球銅市場展望：銅的類型
    • 引言/主要發現
    • 2019-2024年按類型分類的銅市場規模、表現及銷售量（單位）分析
    • 銅市場規模和銷售量（單位）按類型分類的分析和預測，2025-2032年
      • 基本的
      • 次要
    • 按銅類型分類的市場吸引力分析
  • 全球銅市場按產品類型展望
    • 引言/主要發現
    • 2019-2024年按產品類型分類的市場規模表現分析
    • 依產品類型分類的市場規模分析及預測（2025-2032年）
      • 線材
      • 鋼筋、線材和型材
      • 扁鋼產品
      • 管子
      • 挫敗
    • 按產品類型分類的市場吸引力分析
  • 全球銅市場展望：最終用途
    • 引言/主要發現
    • 按應用領域分類的市場規模績效分析（2019-2024 年）
    • 按應用領域分類的市場規模分析與預測（2025-2032年）
      • 工業設備
      • 運輸
      • 基礎設施
      • 建築/施工
      • 消費品和一般產品
      • 其他
    • 市場吸引力分析：最終用途

6. 全球銅市場區域展望

  • 主要亮點
  • 2019年至2024年各地區市場規模表現及銷售量（單位）分析
  • 2025-2032年各地區市場規模及銷售量（單位）分析與預測
    • 北美洲
    • 歐洲
    • 東亞
    • 南亞和大洋洲
    • 拉丁美洲
    • 中東和非洲
  • 按地區分類的市場吸引力分析

第7章 北美銅市場展望

第8章 歐洲銅市場展望

第9章 東亞銅市場展望

第10章：南亞與大洋洲銅市場展望

第11章：拉丁美洲銅市場展望

第12章：中東和非洲銅市場展望

第13章 競爭格局

  • 2024年市佔率分析
  • 市場結構
    • 市場競爭格局分析
    • 競爭對手儀錶板
  • 公司簡介（詳情 - 概述、財務狀況、策略、近期發展）
    • Jiangxi Copper Corporation
    • Codelco
    • Aurubis AG
    • Glencore
    • BHP Group Limited
    • Teck Resources Limited
    • Anglo American plc
    • Antofagasta plc
    • GRUPO MEXICO
    • Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
    • Rio Tinto Group
    • KGHM Polska Miedz SA
    • Others

第14章附錄

簡介目錄
Product Code: PMRREP35467

Persistence Market Research has recently released a comprehensive report on the global Copper Market, providing an in-depth analysis of key market dynamics, including driving forces, emerging trends, opportunities, and challenges. This report offers a detailed understanding of the market landscape, enabling stakeholders to make well-informed strategic and investment decisions.

Key Insights: Copper Market

  • Copper Market Size (2025E): US$ 297.5 Bn
  • Projected Market Value (2032F): US$ 413.1 Bn
  • Global Market Growth Rate (CAGR 2025 to 2032): 4.8%

Copper Market - Report Scope:

The copper market encompasses the production, processing, and distribution of primary and secondary copper used across a wide range of industries. Copper is a critical industrial metal known for its superior electrical conductivity, thermal efficiency, corrosion resistance, and recyclability. It plays a vital role in infrastructure development, transportation systems, industrial machinery, consumer goods, and building construction. Growing urbanization, expansion of renewable energy systems, and rising electrification across developing and developed economies are significantly contributing to copper demand. The market includes various product forms such as wire, rods, bars, flat rolled products, tubes, and foil, catering to diverse industrial applications. Increasing focus on sustainable development and circular economy practices is also strengthening the importance of recycled copper in the global supply chain.

Market Growth Drivers:

The global copper market is primarily driven by increasing demand from infrastructure development, construction activities, and industrial expansion worldwide. Rapid urbanization and large scale investments in power generation and transmission networks are boosting copper consumption, particularly in wiring and cable applications. Growth in the transportation sector, including electric vehicles and rail infrastructure, is further accelerating copper demand due to its extensive use in motors, batteries, and electrical systems. Expanding renewable energy installations such as solar and wind power projects are also contributing significantly, as copper is a key component in energy storage and transmission systems. Additionally, rising demand for consumer electronics and industrial equipment is reinforcing steady market growth during the forecast period.

Market Restraints:

Despite steady expansion, the copper market faces certain challenges that may restrain growth. Price volatility driven by fluctuations in mining output, geopolitical uncertainties, and global economic conditions can impact supply stability and profit margins. Environmental regulations related to mining activities and carbon emissions may increase operational costs for producers. Limited availability of high-grade ore reserves and rising extraction costs can further affect production efficiency. Additionally, supply chain disruptions and trade restrictions may create imbalances between demand and supply, particularly in highly industrialized regions.

Market Opportunities:

The copper market presents significant opportunities supported by the global transition toward electrification and renewable energy systems. Increasing adoption of electric vehicles and development of charging infrastructure are expected to generate long-term demand for copper components. Expansion of smart grids and modernization of aging power infrastructure offer additional growth avenues. Growing emphasis on recycling and secondary copper production provides opportunities for sustainable supply management and cost optimization. Emerging economies in Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa are witnessing rapid industrial and infrastructure development, creating new investment prospects for copper producers and suppliers. Technological advancements in processing and refining methods are also expected to enhance operational efficiency and strengthen market competitiveness.

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

  • What are the primary factors driving the global copper market growth?
  • Which product types and end use industries account for the highest copper demand?
  • How is the shift toward electrification and renewable energy influencing copper consumption patterns?
  • Who are the leading players in the global copper market, and what strategies are they adopting to remain competitive?
  • What are the emerging trends and long term projections for the global copper market?

Competitive Intelligence and Business Strategy:

Leading companies in the global copper market are focusing on expanding mining capacity, strengthening refining capabilities, and investing in sustainable production practices to maintain market leadership. Strategic acquisitions, partnerships, and technological upgrades are commonly adopted to enhance operational efficiency and secure raw material supply. Many players are also increasing investments in recycling infrastructure to support circular economy initiatives and meet growing environmental standards. Diversification across geographical regions and downstream product offerings further strengthens competitive positioning in the global copper industry.

Competitive Analysis:

Key companies operating in the global copper market include:

  • Jiangxi Copper Corporation
  • Codelco
  • Aurubis AG
  • Glencore
  • BHP Group Limited
  • Teck Resources Limited
  • Anglo American plc
  • Antofagasta plc
  • GRUPO MEXICO
  • Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
  • Rio Tinto Group
  • KGHM Polska Miedz S.A.
  • Others

Market Segmentation

By Copper Type

  • Primary
  • Secondary

By Product Type

  • Wire
  • Rods, Bars, and Sections
  • Flat Rolled Products
  • Tube
  • Foil

By End Use

  • Industrial Equipment
  • Transport
  • Infrastructure
  • Building and Construction
  • Consumer and General Products
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
  • Europe
  • East Asia
  • South Asia and Oceania
  • Latin America
  • Middle East and Africa

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

  • 1.1. Global Copper Market Snapshot, 2025 and 2032
  • 1.2. Market Opportunity Assessment, 2025-2032, US$ Bn
  • 1.3. Key Market Trends
  • 1.4. Future Market Projections
  • 1.5. Premium Market Insights
  • 1.6. Industry Developments and Key Market Events
  • 1.7. PMR Analysis and Recommendations

2. Market Overview

  • 2.1. Market Scope and Definition
  • 2.2. Market Dynamics
    • 2.2.1. Drivers
    • 2.2.2. Restraints
    • 2.2.3. Opportunity
    • 2.2.4. Key Trends
  • 2.3. Macro-economic Factors
    • 2.3.1. Public and Private Investment Trends in Renewable Energy and Grid Infrastructure
    • 2.3.2. Rising Emphasis on Electrification and Energy Efficiency across Industries
  • 2.4. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
  • 2.5. Forecast Factors - Relevance and Impact

3. Value Added Insights

  • 3.1. Product Adoption Analysis
  • 3.2. Regulatory Landscape
  • 3.3. Value Chain Analysis
  • 3.4. PESTLE Analysis
  • 3.5. Porter's Five Force Analysis

4. Pricing Analysis, 2024A

  • 4.1. Key Highlights
  • 4.2. Price Variations across Copper Types
  • 4.3. Cost Components by Product Type

5. Global Copper Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Key Highlights
    • 5.1.1. Market Volume (Units) Projections
    • 5.1.2. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Y-o-Y Growth
    • 5.1.3. Absolute $ Opportunity
  • 5.2. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast
    • 5.2.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, 2019-2024
    • 5.2.2. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, 2025-2032
  • 5.3. Global Copper Market Outlook: Copper Type
    • 5.3.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.3.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Copper Type, 2019 - 2024
    • 5.3.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
      • 5.3.3.1. Primary
      • 5.3.3.2. Secondary
    • 5.3.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Copper Type
  • 5.4. Global Copper Market Outlook: Product Type
    • 5.4.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.4.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Product Type, 2019 - 2024
    • 5.4.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
      • 5.4.3.1. Wire
      • 5.4.3.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
      • 5.4.3.3. Flat Rolled Products
      • 5.4.3.4. Tube
      • 5.4.3.5. Foil
    • 5.4.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Product Type
  • 5.5. Global Copper Market Outlook: End Use
    • 5.5.1. Introduction / Key Findings
    • 5.5.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By End Use, 2019 - 2024
    • 5.5.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
      • 5.5.3.1. Industrial Equipment
      • 5.5.3.2. Transport
      • 5.5.3.3. Infrastructure
      • 5.5.3.4. Building and Construction
      • 5.5.3.5. Consumer and General Products
      • 5.5.3.6. Others
    • 5.5.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: End Use

6. Global Copper Market Outlook: Region

  • 6.1. Key Highlights
  • 6.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis, By Region, 2019 - 2024
  • 6.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Region, 2025-2032
    • 6.3.1. North America
    • 6.3.2. Europe
    • 6.3.3. East Asia
    • 6.3.4. South Asia and Oceania
    • 6.3.5. Latin America
    • 6.3.6. Middle East & Africa
  • 6.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis: Region

7. North America Copper Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Key Highlights
  • 7.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 7.2.1. By Country
    • 7.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 7.2.3. By Product Type
    • 7.2.4. By End Use
  • 7.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 7.3.1. U.S.
    • 7.3.2. Canada
  • 7.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 7.4.1. Primary
    • 7.4.2. Secondary
  • 7.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 7.5.1. Wire
    • 7.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 7.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 7.5.4. Tube
    • 7.5.5. Foil
  • 7.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 7.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 7.6.2. Transport
    • 7.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 7.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 7.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 7.6.6. Others
  • 7.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Europe Copper Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Key Highlights
  • 8.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 8.2.1. By Country
    • 8.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 8.2.3. By Product Type
    • 8.2.4. By End Use
  • 8.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 8.3.1. Germany
    • 8.3.2. France
    • 8.3.3. U.K.
    • 8.3.4. Italy
    • 8.3.5. Spain
    • 8.3.6. Russia
    • 8.3.7. Turkey
    • 8.3.8. Rest of Europe
  • 8.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 8.4.1. Primary
    • 8.4.2. Secondary
  • 8.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 8.5.1. Wire
    • 8.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 8.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 8.5.4. Tube
    • 8.5.5. Foil
  • 8.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 8.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 8.6.2. Transport
    • 8.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 8.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 8.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 8.6.6. Others
  • 8.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. East Asia Copper Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Key Highlights
  • 9.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 9.2.1. By Country
    • 9.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 9.2.3. By Product Type
    • 9.2.4. By End Use
  • 9.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 9.3.1. China
    • 9.3.2. Japan
    • 9.3.3. South Korea
  • 9.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 9.4.1. Primary
    • 9.4.2. Secondary
  • 9.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 9.5.1. Wire
    • 9.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 9.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 9.5.4. Tube
    • 9.5.5. Foil
  • 9.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 9.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 9.6.2. Transport
    • 9.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 9.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 9.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 9.6.6. Others
  • 9.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

10. South Asia & Oceania Copper Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Key Highlights
  • 10.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 10.2.1. By Country
    • 10.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 10.2.3. By Product Type
    • 10.2.4. By End Use
  • 10.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 10.3.1. India
    • 10.3.2. Southeast Asia
    • 10.3.3. ANZ
    • 10.3.4. Rest of South Asia & Oceania
  • 10.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 10.4.1. Primary
    • 10.4.2. Secondary
  • 10.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 10.5.1. Wire
    • 10.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 10.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 10.5.4. Tube
    • 10.5.5. Foil
  • 10.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 10.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 10.6.2. Transport
    • 10.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 10.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 10.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 10.6.6. Others
  • 10.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

11. Latin America Copper Market Outlook

  • 11.1. Key Highlights
  • 11.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 11.2.1. By Country
    • 11.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 11.2.3. By Product Type
    • 11.2.4. By End Use
  • 11.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 11.3.1. Brazil
    • 11.3.2. Mexico
    • 11.3.3. Rest of Latin America
  • 11.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 11.4.1. Primary
    • 11.4.2. Secondary
  • 11.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 11.5.1. Wire
    • 11.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 11.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 11.5.4. Tube
    • 11.5.5. Foil
  • 11.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 11.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 11.6.2. Transport
    • 11.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 11.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 11.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 11.6.6. Others
  • 11.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

12. Middle East & Africa Copper Market Outlook

  • 12.1. Key Highlights
  • 12.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis, By Market, 2019 - 2024
    • 12.2.1. By Country
    • 12.2.2. By Copper Type
    • 12.2.3. By Product Type
    • 12.2.4. By End Use
  • 12.3. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Country, 2025-2032
    • 12.3.1. GCC Countries
    • 12.3.2. Egypt
    • 12.3.3. South Africa
    • 12.3.4. Northern Africa
    • 12.3.5. Rest of Middle East & Africa
  • 12.4. Market Size (US$ Bn) and Volume (Units) Analysis and Forecast, By Copper Type, 2025-2032
    • 12.4.1. Primary
    • 12.4.2. Secondary
  • 12.5. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By Product Type, 2025-2032
    • 12.5.1. Wire
    • 12.5.2. Rods, Bars, and Sections
    • 12.5.3. Flat Rolled Products
    • 12.5.4. Tube
    • 12.5.5. Foil
  • 12.6. Market Size (US$ Bn) Analysis and Forecast, By End Use, 2025-2032
    • 12.6.1. Industrial Equipment
    • 12.6.2. Transport
    • 12.6.3. Infrastructure
    • 12.6.4. Building and Construction
    • 12.6.5. Consumer and General Products
    • 12.6.6. Others
  • 12.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis

13. Competition Landscape

  • 13.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
  • 13.2. Market Structure
    • 13.2.1. Competition Intensity Mapping By Market
    • 13.2.2. Competition Dashboard
  • 13.3. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Strategy, Recent Developments)
    • 13.3.1. Jiangxi Copper Corporation
      • 13.3.1.1. Overview
      • 13.3.1.2. Segments and Copper Types
      • 13.3.1.3. Key Financials
      • 13.3.1.4. Market Developments
      • 13.3.1.5. Market Strategy
    • 13.3.2. Codelco
    • 13.3.3. Aurubis AG
    • 13.3.4. Glencore
    • 13.3.5. BHP Group Limited
    • 13.3.6. Teck Resources Limited
    • 13.3.7. Anglo American plc
    • 13.3.8. Antofagasta plc
    • 13.3.9. GRUPO MEXICO
    • 13.3.10. Freeport-McMoRan Inc.
    • 13.3.11. Rio Tinto Group
    • 13.3.12. KGHM Polska Miedz S.A.
    • 13.3.13. Others

14. Appendix

  • 14.1. Research Methodology
  • 14.2. Research Assumptions
  • 14.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations