電動車、電氣化與冷鏈運輸:機會在哪裡？

冷藏運輸在全球糧食安全和公共衛生中發揮著至關重要的作用，確保了易腐貨物的安全運輸。然而，國家和州一級的脫碳策略在很大程度上忽視了運輸冷凍機組 (TRU) 的排放。雖然製造商已經將電動 TRU 車型推向市場，但美國 TRU 的監管環境有限，加州的監管也存在不確定性，這使得早期大規模採用純電動車型的可能性不大。

了解冷藏運輸技術的現狀，發現電氣化領域的新興機遇，並識別採用零排放 TRU 的技術和經濟障礙，對於減少這個經常被忽視的行業的排放至關重要。同樣重要的是，在長期基礎設施和政策支持發展的同時，認識到混合動力和備用電動 TRU 作為減排的直接解決方案可以發揮的作用。

本報告探討了冷藏運輸技術的趨勢，並分析了與排放相關的課題、eTRU（電動運輸冷凍裝置）技術、相關法規、基礎設施缺口以及減排措施。

目錄

本報告涵蓋以下內容：

• TRU、車輛引擎和冷媒的排放
• eTRU（電動運輸冷凍裝置）的技術、法規和基礎設施缺口
• 混合動力和備用TRU作為近期減排措施
• 柴油TRU和eTRU的成本和報酬比較

Refrigerated transport plays a vital role in global food security and public health, enabling the safe transport of perishable goods, however emissions from transport refrigeration units (TRUs) have been largely overlooked in national and state level decarbonization strategies. Manufacturers have already rolled out electric TRU models, but the limited regulatory landscape for TRUs in the U.S. and regulatory uncertainty in California mean that fully electric models are unlikely to achieve widespread adoption anytime soon.

Understanding the current state of refrigerated transport technologies, the emerging opportunities for electrification, and the technical and economic barriers to adopting zero emissions TRUs is essential for reducing emissions from this overlooked sector. Equally important is recognizing the role that hybrid and standby electric TRUs can play as near-term solutions for cutting emissions while longer-term infrastructure and policy support are developed.

Table of Contents

This report covers the following:

• Emissions from TRUs, vehicle engines, and refrigerants
• eTRU technology, regulations, and infrastructure gaps
• Hybrid and standby TRUs as near-term emissions solutions
• Cost and payback comparisons for diesel and eTRUs