聯邦能源管理機構 (FERC) 第 2222 號命令：2025 年實施更新及未來里程碑

自美國聯邦能源監管委員會 (FERC) 於 2020 年發布第 2222 號命令，允許分散式能源 (DER) 聚合體參與批發電力市場以來，管理美國批發電力市場的區域輸電組織 (RTO) 和獨立系統營運商 (ISO) 在實施分散式能源聚合 (DERA) 參與方面取得了長足進步。然而，為了適應 FERC 複雜的市場准入標準，每個區域輸電組織 (RTO)/獨立系統營運商 (ISO) 都以自己的方式完善了市場概念，這給 DER 行業全面理解和適應新的 DERA 參與模式帶來了課題。

為了落實 FERC 第 2222 號命令，區域輸電組織 (RTO)/獨立系統營運商 (ISO) 需要持續完善其市場計劃，以增強 DERA 參與度，並緩解市場缺陷和電網幹擾。配電公司 (DU) 需要繼續在零售層面向分散式能源 (DER) 和分散式再生能源 (DERA) 提供具有吸引力的補償機制，以便從注入的能源和提供的電網服務中獲益。此外，DU 應充分了解區域輸電組織 (RTO)/獨立系統營運商 (ISO) 的分散式能源市場規劃，並就資源調度、電網擁塞和電網穩定性問題與區域輸電組織 (RTO)/獨立系統營運商 (ISO) 進行有效協調。分散式能源開發商和聚合商還應了解批發電力市場規則和分散式能源參與方案，以最大限度地提高分散式能源的可行性並在美國各地拓展業務。

本報告提供了六種區域輸電組織 (RTO)/獨立系統運營商 (ISO) 的分散式能源市場准入模式的最新信息，包括每種模式的實施時間表、關鍵市場概念和規則，以及與聯邦能源管理委員會 (FERC) 第 2222 號命令的一致性。最後，該報告探討了擴大美國分散式能源市場參與度的潛力，並為主要的分散式能源利害關係人提供了建議。

目錄

本報告涵蓋以下內容：

• 受聯邦能源管理委員會 (FERC) 監管的區域輸電組織 (RTO)/獨立系統營運商 (ISO) 在將 DERA 納入批發電力市場方面進展如何？

電力市場

• 預計 DERA 在全美批發電力市場的參與度將如何成長？
• DERA 利害關係人必須採取哪些措施才能使 FERC 2222 號令成為現實？

Since the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order 2222 in 2020 to better enable aggregations of distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in wholesale electricity markets, the regional transmission organizations (RTOs) and independent system operators (ISOs) that control the wholesale electricity markets in the U.S. have made substantial progress in implementing DER aggregation (DERA) participation. However, in navigating the complexities of FERC's market criteria, each RTO/ISO has refined its market concept in its own way, which presents a challenge for the DER industry to fully understand and adapt to the new DERA participation models.

To make FERC Order 2222 a reality, RTOs/ISOs will need to continue refining their market plans to enhance DERA participation and mitigate any market flaws or grid failures. Distribution utilities (DUs) will need to continue offering attractive compensation mechanisms to DER and DERAs at the retail level to reap the benefits of the injected energy and grid services provided. Additionally, DUs must fully understand their respective RTO/ISO DERA market plans to effectively coordinate with their RTO/ISO regarding resource dispatch, grid congestion, and grid stability issues. DER developers and aggregators must also understand wholesale electricity market rules and DERA participation options to maximize DERA viability and grow business across the U.S.

This Guidehouse Research report provides an update on the six RTO/ISO DERA market participation models, including implementation timelines and explanations of the key market concepts and rules for each RTO/ISO and how they conform with FERC Order 2222's directives. The report concludes by discussing the potential for DERA market participation growth in the U.S. and offering recommendations for the key DERA stakeholders.

Table of Contents

This report covers the following:

• Where each FERC-regulated RTO/ISO is in its efforts to integrate DERAs into its wholesale electricity markets
• How DERA participation in wholesale electricity markets is projected to grow across the U.S.
• What DERA stakeholders must do to make FERC Order 2222 a reality