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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
2035092
資料中心浸沒式冷卻:市場佔有率分析、產業趨勢與統計、成長預測(2026-2031)Data Center Immersion Cooling - Market Share Analysis, Industry Trends & Statistics, Growth Forecasts (2026 - 2031) |
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預計到 2026 年,資料中心浸沒式冷卻市場規模將達到 57.2 億美元,預計在預測期(2026-2031 年)內將以 18.44% 的複合年成長率成長,到 2031 年將達到 133.3 億美元。

機架功率密度迅速成長,超過100千瓦,圖形加速器的快速普及,以及日益嚴格的永續性要求,推動液冷溫度控管從概念驗證驗證階段走向主流應用。超大規模資料中心業者正在採用浸沒式冷卻系統,以避免風冷風扇帶來的額外能耗;而邊緣運算營運商則依靠液冷系統將推理最佳化硬體安裝在有限的安裝空間內。從成本角度來看,礦物油仍然是流體冷卻的主要選擇,但隨著歐洲PFAS法規的實施,生物基和合成碳氫化合物替代品正日益受到關注。雖然液冷系統的資本投資成本仍是架空地板風冷架構的兩到三倍,但業者認為,能源和廢熱貨幣化帶來的收益足以彌補投資成本。
營運商正將運算資源整合到千兆瓦級的資料中心園區,從而實現大規模可再生能源採購,並允許巨額資本項目的攤銷。 Meta公司計劃在2025年營運21個此類設施,平均每個站點的裝置容量超過100兆瓦。其提交的文件顯示,浸沒式冷卻技術提高了每層樓的伺服器密度。微軟計畫在2025年在其15%的資料中心組合中採用浸沒式冷卻技術,並爭取2028年達到40%。微軟稱,浸沒式冷卻是溫帶地區將電源使用效率(PUE)維持在1.15以下的有效手段。谷歌已開始維修八個現有資料中心,以容納單晶片功耗超過350瓦的張量處理單元(TPU)叢集。雖然每個專案的建造成本將超過5億美元,但採用浸沒式冷卻技術將降低每個運算單元的土地、機械和風扇能耗。
目前,訓練大規模語言模型需要使用功耗為 80-120 千瓦的機架。 NVIDIA 的 H100 單機功耗高達 700 瓦,因此,一個 42U 機櫃中八台雙 GPU 伺服器的功耗將超過 100 千瓦。 Intel 的 Gaudi 3 加速器功耗為 600 瓦,對於超過 1000 個晶片的客戶叢集,通常採用浸沒式冷卻以避免擴展冷卻迴路。 AMD 的 MI300X 功耗高達 750 瓦,但總體擁有成本 (TCO) 估算表明,機架密度超過 60 千瓦將在五年內降低 20-30% 的成本。雖然空氣的熱容量低,無法經濟高效地轉移如此大的負載,但液體的導熱係數是空氣的 25 倍,這可以提供性能裕度並延緩設施擴容。
採用浸沒式冷卻水箱、歧管管路和結構加固,一個1兆瓦機房的承包成本在250萬美元到350萬美元之間,大約是空冷系統的兩倍。維修工程還會額外增加15%到25%的成本,因為需要加固樓板、升級到K級消防系統以及進行人員再訓練。除非當地電價超過每千瓦時0.10美元或簽訂了購熱協議,否則需要4到6年才能收回投資。由於利潤率低的託管業者不願採用,而中小企業又缺乏資金,因此推廣速度緩慢。
預計從2026年到2031年,兩相架構的複合年成長率將達到19.42%,超過資料中心浸沒式冷卻市場的整體成長速度。截至2025年,單相系統仍佔據資料中心浸沒式冷卻市場62.43%的佔有率,這主要得益於其與通用伺服器的兼容性以及較低的流體揮發性。 LiquidStack通報,一家歐洲人工智慧實驗室利用潛熱完全取消了水泵,從而降低了40%的輔助負載。單相系統仍然是加密貨幣和通用高效能運算工作負載的首選。然而,對於目標功率為100千瓦的機架營運商而言,兩相系統正日益受到關注,因為它是實現大規模被動冷卻的唯一途徑。
無泵運轉降低了整體能耗,重力式冷凝水循環簡化了維護。然而,對氫氟醚冷卻液的依賴導致成本居高不下,並使買家面臨 PFAS 法規的風險。製造商正在加快合成碳氫化合物和低全球暖化潛勢 (GWP) 化學品的認證,預計兩相冷卻的溢價將在預測期內下降。互通性的努力也將使在同一機房內部署混合相冷卻成為現實,操作人員也將擁有多種溫度控管工具選擇。
預計到2025年,礦物油將佔總使用量的48.65%,這主要得益於每公升3-5美元的價格以及成熟的供應鏈。然而,隨著歐洲和北美營運商向脫碳轉型,生物基潤滑油預計將以19.56%的複合年成長率成長。嘉吉的酯類潤滑油符合ISO 14001和範圍3的計算要求,同時導熱係數達到0.17 W·m·K(相當於85%的油)。氟基潤滑油仍能支援兩相循環,並維持22%的市場佔有率,但3M的退出和Chemores的配方變更凸顯了供應和合規的風險。
殼牌的合成烴產品兼具0.16 W·m·K的熱導率和265 度C的閃點,無需大規模滅火系統。雖然去離子水並非完全浸沒式冷卻介質,但它已在超大規模資料中心業者的直接冷卻迴路應用中佔據了8%的市場佔有率。展望未來,流體選擇將受到當地法規、廢熱減排目標和保險公司偏好的影響,業者可能會透過多元化其化學成分組合來規避風險。
到2025年,北美將維持40.32%的市場佔有率,這主要得益於超大規模資料中心公司在維吉尼亞、奧勒岡州和德克薩斯州的投資。微軟宣布,2028年將在美國投資100億美元建造浸沒式冷卻系統,理由是美國溫暖的氣候允許在乾燥環境中直接使用空氣冷卻。 Meta公司位於普賴恩維爾的園區運作15,000台浸沒式冷卻伺服器,實現了世界一流的電源使用效率(PUE)1.06。加拿大憑藉著魁北克省和不列顛哥倫比亞省的水力發電,佔該地區電力需求的8%,而墨西哥則佔4%,這主要得益於其為海外製造地供電。
預計到2031年,亞太地區將以19.94%的複合年成長率成長,這主要得益於中國政府主導的人工智慧計畫和印度20億美元的獎勵計畫。阿里巴巴和騰訊已分別在杭州和深圳運營浸沒式冷卻資料中心,並聲稱已將冷卻能耗降低了30%以上。在日本「綠色轉型」計畫的補貼支持下,預計到2025年,日本將佔該地區收入的18%。其餘佔有率將由韓國、澳洲和紐西蘭瓜分,這些地區都致力於為國內市場提供低延遲服務。
預計到2025年,歐洲將佔全球整體的28%,主要得益於能源效率標準和熱回收獎勵。德國已投資5億津貼用於區域供熱,為法蘭克福和慕尼黑的營運商提供支援;荷蘭則充分利用了阿姆斯特丹附近的可再生能源網路。英國在倫敦碼頭區和曼徹斯特增設了浸沒式冷卻設施,以滿足1.3的電力使用效率(PUE)標準。中東地區的建築裝置容量僅佔全球的6%,但凸顯了浸沒式冷卻在攝氏45度沙漠環境中的熱能優勢。阿布達比一個150兆瓦的計畫就是一個典型的例子,計畫於2026年底完工。南美洲佔3%,主導得益於巴西金融業的發展;非洲佔2%,但由於電網穩定性問題,成長較為緩慢。
The Data Center Immersion Cooling Market size is estimated at USD 5.72 billion in 2026, and is expected to reach USD 13.33 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 18.44% during the forecast period (2026-2031).

Soaring rack power densities above 100 kilowatts, a rapid pivot to graphics accelerators, and tightening sustainability mandates have moved liquid thermal management from proof of concept to mainstream choice. Hyperscalers now deploy immersion systems to avoid the escalating fan energy of air cooling, while edge operators rely on liquid baths to fit inference-optimized hardware into small footprints. Mineral oil still dominates fluid demand because of cost, but bio-based and synthetic hydrocarbon alternatives are gaining traction under European PFAS restrictions. Capital costs remain two to three times higher than raised-floor air architectures, yet operators view the energy and waste-heat monetization upside as sufficient to clear investment hurdles.
Operators are consolidating compute into gigawatt-class campuses that can negotiate renewable power at scale and amortize large capital projects. Meta ran 21 such sites in 2025 averaging more than 100 megawatts each, and its filings credit immersion cooling for raising server density per floor tile. Microsoft lifted liquid penetration to 15% of its fleet during 2025 and targets 40% by 2028, citing a route to sub-1.15 power usage effectiveness in temperate zones. Google began retrofitting eight legacy halls to house Tensor Processing Unit clusters that top 350 watts per chip. With each build exceeding USD 500 million, shifting to immersion lowers land, mechanical, and fan energy per compute unit.
Large language model training now fills racks that draw 80-120 kilowatts. NVIDIA's H100 hits 700 watts per device, so eight dual-GPU servers inside a 42U cabinet breach 100 kilowatts. Intel's Gaudi 3 accelerator checks in at 600 watts, and customer clusters above 1,000 chips specify immersion to avoid expanding chilled-water loops. AMD's MI300X peaks at 750 watts, with total cost of ownership modeling showing 20%-30% savings over five years once rack densities cross 60 kilowatts. Air's low heat capacity cannot cost-effectively move that load, whereas liquid's 25-times-higher thermal conductivity preserves performance margins and delays building expansions.
Immersion tanks, manifold plumbing, and structural reinforcements push turnkey expense for a 1 megawatt block to USD 2.5-3.5 million, roughly double air cooling levels. Retrofit projects add 15%-25% due to floor strengthening, Class K suppression upgrades, and staff retraining. Payback stretches four to six years unless local power prices exceed USD 0.10 per kilowatt-hour or heat-offtake deals materialize. Colocation operators running thin margins hesitate, while smaller enterprises lack balance-sheet capacity, slowing broad uptake.
Other drivers and restraints analyzed in the detailed report include:
For complete list of drivers and restraints, kindly check the Table Of Contents.
Two-phase architectures will outgrow the wider data center immersion cooling market at 19.42% CAGR between 2026 and 2031. In 2025 single-phase systems still commanded a 62.43% data center immersion cooling market share thanks to compatibility with commodity servers and minimal fluid volatility. LiquidStack documented a European AI lab that removed pumps altogether by exploiting latent heat, cutting auxiliary loads 40%. Single-phase remains preferred for cryptocurrency and general HPC workloads, yet operators chasing 100 kilowatt racks view two-phase as the only route to passive rejection at scale.
Pumpless operation lowers total energy draw, and gravity-fed condensate return simplifies maintenance. However, reliance on hydrofluoroether fluids keeps costs high and exposes buyers to PFAS restrictions. Manufacturers are racing to qualify synthetic hydrocarbon and low-GWP chemistries, suggesting the two-phase premium will narrow over the forecast horizon. Interoperability efforts may also make mixed-phase deployments practical inside a single hall, giving operators a menu of thermal tools.
Mineral oil supplied 48.65% of liters in 2025 because of USD 3-5 per liter pricing and mature supply chains. Yet bio-based options are set for a 19.56% CAGR as operators in Europe and North America look to decarbonize. Cargill's ester delivers 0.17 W-m-K conductivity, 85% of oil levels, but satisfies ISO 14001 and Scope 3 accounting. Fluorocarbon fluids still enable two-phase cycles and held 22% share, though 3M's exit and Chemours' reformulation underscore supply and compliance risk.
Shell's synthetic hydrocarbon variant blended 0.16 W-m-K performance with a 265 °C flash point, removing the need for extensive fire suppression. De-ionized water, while not a full-immersion medium, earned 8% share inside direct-to-chip loops at hyperscalers. Going forward, fluid choice will hinge on local regulation, waste-heat goals, and insurer preferences, with operators likely to diversify chemistry portfolios to hedge risk.
The Data Center Immersion Cooling Market Report is Segmented by Type (Single-Phase Immersion Cooling System, and Two-Phase Immersion Cooling System), Cooling Fluid (Mineral Oil, and More), Application (HPC and More), Tier Type (Tier 1 and 2, and More), Data Center Size (Small Data Center, and More), Data Center Type (Colocation Data Center, and More), and Geography. Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).
North America retained a 40.32% share in 2025 on the strength of hyperscale spend in Virginia, Oregon, and Texas. Microsoft earmarked USD 10 billion for U.S. liquid builds through 2028, citing temperate climates that allow direct air economization on the dry side. Meta's Prineville campus operated 15 000 submerged servers and posted a 1.06 annual power usage effectiveness, among the best globally. Canada gathered 8% of regional megawatts thanks to hydroelectric power in Quebec and British Columbia, while Mexico captured 4% serving nearshore manufacturing nodes.
Asia-Pacific is projected to grow at a 19.94% CAGR to 2031, led by China's sovereign AI push and India's incentive scheme worth USD 2 billion. Alibaba and Tencent already run immersion halls in Hangzhou and Shenzhen, each claiming cooling energy cuts above 30%. Japan contributed 18% of regional revenue in 2025, supported by subsidies under the Green Transformation program. South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand share the remainder, each targeting low-latency service for local consumption.
Europe controlled 28% of the global tally in 2025, propelled by efficiency mandates and heat-recovery incentives. Germany's EUR 500 million grant package for district heating tapped operators in Frankfurt and Munich, while the Netherlands leveraged renewable grids near Amsterdam. The United Kingdom added liquid rooms in London Docklands and Manchester to meet a 1.3 power usage effectiveness threshold. Middle East builds, though only 6% of world capacity, highlight immersion's thermal edge in 45 °C deserts, exemplified by a 150 megawatt Abu Dhabi project set to complete in late 2026. South America sits at 3%, dominated by Brazil's finance sector, and Africa at 2%, held back by grid stability.