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市場調查報告書

商品編碼

2148234

二氧化碳儲能市場規模、佔有率及成長預測（2026-2032 年）

CO2 Energy Storage Market Size, Share & Growth Forecast (2026-2032)

出版日期: 2026年09月28日 | 出版商:

Knowledge Sourcing Intelligence | 英文 153 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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簡介目錄

預計到 2026 年，二氧化碳儲能市場規模將達到 4.1 億美元，到 2032 年將達到 31 億美元。這意味著從 2026 年到 2032 年的複合年成長率將達到 40.1%。

隨著可再生能源發電的增加，二氧化碳儲能市場正逐漸成為電力系統中新興的長期儲能方式。二氧化碳儲能技術利用熱力循環或泵浦驅動熱力循環將電能轉換為儲存的熱能和壓力能，然後回饋到電網。這項技術之所以備受關注，是因為它無需依賴極其特定的地質條件即可儲存能量數小時。

目前，氣液相變系統和封閉回路型壓縮二氧化碳系統是主流的商業架構。這些系統在充氣過程中壓縮二氧化碳，回收並儲存壓縮熱，同時將二氧化碳保持在高壓液態或高密度狀態。在放氣過程中，儲存的熱能回到工作流體中，膨脹的二氧化碳驅動渦輪機發電。超臨界二氧化碳泵熱循環系統採用不同的配置，將電能轉化為儲存的熱能，然後透過超臨界二氧化碳循環將其再次轉化。

市場正從試點計畫轉向商業合約項目。特別是，10小時運作系統正受到越來越多的關注，因為它們有助於應對晚間用電高峰、穩定可再生能源、履行供給能力義務並緩解電網擁塞。工業設施、資料中心和可再生能源中心也正在將目標市場擴展到傳統公用事業規模的尖峰用電移轉之外。

市場促進因素

隨著可再生能源的日益普及，對長期儲能的需求也日益成長。風能和太陽能發電在電力過剩期過後，往往會經歷長時間的高需求期。雖然短期電池在快速平衡和日常循環中仍然有效，但長期應用需要能夠持續8小時、10小時甚至更長的能量轉移系統。二氧化碳儲能系統能夠滿足晚間用電高峰需求，穩定可再生能源，確保供給能力，並緩解電網擁塞。
人們對10小時規模商業系統的日益關注表明，這項技術符合新型電網的要求。長期儲能專案可以提供可預測的輸出調節能力，並有可能參與容量契約，而不僅僅是依賴能源套利。
標準化的工廠設計正在提升商業化前景。二氧化碳儲存開發商正從一次性的示範計畫轉向可複製的工廠配置。標準化設計減少了工程需求，簡化了採購流程，改善了建設計畫，並使專案經濟效益評估更加便利。
Energy Dome公司開發了一種標準化的商業規模二氧化碳電池配置方案，可提供承包工程和「儲能即服務」模式。 Exa Energy Technology公司也將其壓縮二氧化碳架構從小規模商業裝置擴展到更大規模的專案。標準化有助於該技術實現可重複部署，並增強企劃案融資的可能性。
與工業餘熱的整合正在拓展其應用領域。二氧化碳系統可望回收或再利用工業餘熱，並將其納入儲能循環。這為熱資源豐富的能源密集產業創造了新的機會。在水泥、金屬、化學和其他工業設施中，儲能系統可望與餘熱回收和更廣泛的能源管理系統結合。
將儲能與工業運作結合，可在同一地點實現多種能源管理功能，從而提高專案經濟效益。此外，這還能將市場拓展到獨立併網儲能之外。
隨著資料中心規模的擴大，對強大電力供給能力的需求日益成長。超大規模資料中心和數位基礎設施需要高可用性的可靠電力供應。隨著人工智慧工作負載的興起，營運商在應對大規模且快速成長的電力需求時，強大的電力供給能力變得愈發重要。
二氧化碳儲存被視為這些設施可調節供給能力的潛在來源。與信譽良好的科技公司和資料中心營運商簽訂長期協議，預計為該專案資金籌措，並為開發商提供更清晰的收入前景。

市場限制因素

二氧化碳儲能市場仍處於商業化初期。目前僅有少數兆瓦級項目投入運作，而一些大規模的項目仍在建設或開發階段。因此，關於其可用性、維護成本、劣化以及在反覆商業性輸出調整下的往返效率等長期數據仍然有限。
專案早期階段的高度複雜性可能會影響其資金籌措的能力。與貨櫃式電池系統不同，二氧化碳儲存電站需要協調整合式壓縮機、渦輪機、熱交換器、儲熱裝置、壓力容器、控制系統、土木工程以及與電網的連接。因此，專案執行依賴多種設備類別和專業工程能力。
大規模專案可能需要相當長的設計和採購時間。為了使這項技術能夠有效地與成熟的鋰離子系統和其他長期儲能技術競爭，它需要展現出可靠的運作性能和可預測的建造成本。
溫度控管和二氧化碳控制提出了更高的技術要求。有效率地回收、儲存和再利用熱能對於整個系統的性能至關重要。此外，加壓系統必須在反覆的充放電循環中保持安全穩定的運作。
來自鋰離子電池、液流電池、抽水蓄能、壓縮空氣儲能和其他長期儲能技術的競爭帶來了進一步的挑戰。二氧化碳儲能系統要廣泛應用，必須在儲能時間、安裝柔軟性、生命週期性能和專案經濟性方面展現出明顯的優勢。

促進因素
- 需要8-12小時的電網儲能
- 標準化商業工廠設計
- 工業熱能和碳管理的整合
- 資料中心確切容量的需求
抑制因子
- 缺乏長期營運數據
- 企劃案融資和銀行可行性
- 工廠複雜性與周邊輔助系統(BOP) 成本
- 來自鋰離子電池、液流電池和其他長時儲能（LDES）技術的競爭。

第11章競爭格局

開發商業二氧化碳儲存系統的公司
利用超臨界二氧化碳開發泵式熱能利用技術的公司。
試點和研究階段技術開發公司
生態系統供應商和專案合作夥伴

第12章：公司簡介

Energy Dome SpA
Exa Energy Technology（Shenzhen）Co., Ltd.
Echogen Power Systems
EarthEn Energy
Activated Energy, LLC
China Energy Engineering Corporation Limited

第13章近期趨勢

第14章附錄

簡介目錄

The CO2 Energy Storage Market is estimated at USD 0.41 billion in 2026 and is projected to reach USD 3.10 billion by 2032, representing a CAGR of 40.1% during 2026-2032.

The CO2 energy storage market is emerging as a long-duration energy storage pathway for power systems with increasing shares of renewable generation. CO2 storage technologies use thermo-mechanical and pumped-thermal cycles to convert electricity into stored thermal and pressure energy and later return it to the grid. The technology is gaining attention because it can provide multi-hour storage without depending on highly specific geological conditions.

Gas-liquid phase-change and closed-loop compressed-CO2 systems currently represent the dominant commercial architecture. These systems compress CO2 during charging, capture and store compression heat, and maintain CO2 in a higher-pressure liquid or dense state. During discharge, the stored thermal energy is returned to the working fluid and the expanding CO2 drives a turbine to generate electricity. Supercritical CO2 pumped-thermal systems use a different configuration in which electricity is converted into stored thermal energy before being reconverted through a supercritical CO2 cycle.

The market is transitioning from pilot activity toward contracted commercial projects. Ten-hour systems are becoming particularly visible because they can support evening peaks, renewable firming, capacity obligations, and grid congestion relief. Industrial facilities, data centres, and renewable-energy hubs are also expanding the addressable market beyond conventional utility-scale peak shifting.

Market Drivers

Growing renewable penetration is increasing demand for long-duration storage. Wind and solar generation can create periods of surplus electricity followed by extended periods of high demand. Short-duration batteries remain valuable for fast balancing and daily cycling, but longer-duration applications require systems capable of shifting energy for eight, ten, or more hours. CO2 energy storage is being positioned for evening peak coverage, renewable firming, capacity provision, and congestion management.
The increasing visibility of ten-hour commercial systems demonstrates the technology's alignment with emerging grid requirements. Long-duration projects can provide predictable dispatch capability and potentially participate in capacity contracts rather than relying only on energy arbitrage.
Standardized plant designs are improving commercialization prospects. CO2 storage developers are increasingly moving away from one-off demonstrations toward repeatable plant configurations. Standardized designs can reduce engineering requirements, simplify procurement, improve construction planning, and make project economics easier to evaluate.
Energy Dome has developed a standardized commercial-scale CO2 Battery configuration and offers both turnkey plant supply and storage-as-a-service structures. Exa Energy Technology is also scaling its compressed-CO2 architecture from smaller commercial installations toward much larger projects. Standardization can help the technology move toward repeatable deployment and improve the potential for project financing.
Industrial heat and waste-heat integration are creating additional applications. CO2 systems can potentially recover or reuse industrial heat as part of the storage cycle. This creates opportunities for energy-intensive industries where thermal resources are already available. Cement, metals, chemicals, and other industrial facilities can potentially integrate energy storage with waste-heat recovery and broader energy-management systems.
The integration of storage with industrial operations can improve project economics by allowing a single site to benefit from multiple energy-management functions. It also broadens the market beyond stand-alone grid storage.
Data centre growth is creating demand for firm power capacity. Hyperscale data centres and digital infrastructure require reliable electricity supply with high availability. The growth of AI workloads is increasing the importance of firm capacity as operators seek to manage large and rapidly increasing power requirements.
CO2 storage is being positioned as a potential source of dispatchable capacity for these facilities. Long-term contracts with creditworthy technology companies or data-centre operators could also support project financing and provide developers with clearer revenue visibility.

Market Restraints

The CO2 energy storage market remains at an early stage of commercialization. Only a limited number of multi-megawatt projects have reached operation, while several larger projects remain under construction or development. Consequently, long-term data on availability, maintenance costs, degradation, and round-trip efficiency under repeated commercial dispatch remain limited.
High upfront project complexity can affect bankability. Unlike containerized battery systems, CO2 storage plants require the coordinated integration of compressors, turbines, heat exchangers, thermal storage, pressure vessels, control systems, civil works, and grid interconnection. Project execution therefore depends on multiple equipment categories and specialized engineering capabilities.
Large projects can also require substantial engineering and procurement periods. The technology must demonstrate reliable operation and predictable construction costs to compete effectively against mature lithium-ion systems and other long-duration storage technologies.
Thermal management and CO2 containment create additional engineering requirements. Efficiently capturing, storing, and returning thermal energy is essential to overall system performance. Pressure systems must also maintain safe and stable operation throughout repeated charging and discharging cycles.
Competition from lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, pumped hydro, compressed-air energy storage, and other long-duration technologies creates another challenge. CO2 systems need to establish clear advantages in duration, siting flexibility, lifecycle performance, and project economics to secure large-scale adoption.

Technology and Segment Insights

The market is segmented by technology architecture, storage duration, application, project model, end user, and geography.
Gas-liquid phase-change compressed-CO2 storage is the leading technology architecture. It accounts for an estimated 82% of 2026 market revenue. The technology benefits from the strongest current commercial evidence, particularly through Energy Dome and Exa Energy Technology.
Closed-loop systems use compression and expansion of CO2 combined with thermal storage to achieve electricity storage and generation. They do not depend on specific underground formations, which can make above-ground deployment possible across a broader range of locations.
Liquid CO2 energy storage is an emerging technology pathway focused on maintaining CO2 predominantly in liquid form while using thermal recovery to improve system performance. The architecture offers potential advantages in energy density and above-ground deployment but remains at a demonstration and research stage.
Supercritical CO2 pumped thermal energy storage represents another important development route. These systems convert electricity into stored thermal energy and later use a supercritical CO2 power cycle to generate electricity. Echogen Power Systems and EarthEn Energy are among the participants developing this approach. The technology is still at pilot or pre-commercial maturity.
Adsorption-assisted CO2 storage is being investigated as a means of reducing low-pressure storage requirements. Adsorbent materials can potentially moderate CO2 behavior and reduce the footprint of certain storage configurations. However, the technology remains at the research and pilot stage.
Geologically integrated CO2 storage represents another emerging pathway. These systems could combine subsurface or pipeline-linked dense CO2 storage with power-cycle integration. Their potential scale is significant, but commercial deployment depends on suitable infrastructure and continued validation.
By storage duration, 4-8 hour, above 8-12 hour, and above 12 hour systems are covered. Eight-to-twelve-hour systems represent the clearest near-term commercial segment. Ten-hour configurations are particularly visible because they can address evening demand peaks, daily renewable shifting, and capacity requirements.
Systems above 12 hours offer longer-duration capability but face stronger economic requirements. Their adoption will depend on storage costs, thermal-storage sizing, project revenue structures, and the value of longer discharge periods.
By application, renewable energy firming and grid capacity represent the leading opportunities. CO2 storage can absorb excess renewable generation and discharge during periods of high demand. Grid congestion relief and capacity contracts can provide additional revenue streams.
Industrial energy storage and waste-heat integration is an emerging segment. Industrial hosts can potentially combine storage with waste heat, reducing energy costs while supporting decarbonization. Data centres and digital infrastructure represent another developing segment where long-duration firm capacity is increasingly valuable.
Carbon-management-integrated energy storage provides a further opportunity. Storage systems can potentially share infrastructure and energy-management functions with carbon-intensive industrial facilities and carbon-management projects.
By project model, the market includes turnkey plant supply, developer-owned or storage-as-a-service models, utility-owned projects, and industrial behind-the-meter projects. Storage-as-a-service can be particularly valuable because it reduces the upfront capital burden for customers and allows developers to retain ownership and operate the asset under long-term contracts.
By end user, utilities and independent power producers, renewable energy developers, industrial facilities, data-centre operators, and public-sector or demonstration projects represent the major customer groups.

Regional Opportunity

Asia Pacific is the strongest near-term deployment region. China has moved compressed-CO2 storage beyond laboratory research into commercial and construction-stage projects. Exa Energy Technology's Wuhu Conch project provides operating evidence, while the larger Huadian Mulei project represents a significant increase in system scale.
China also has active research programmes covering all-liquid, adsorption-assisted, and other CO2 storage configurations. The region benefits from large renewable-energy deployment, industrial waste-heat availability, major project-development organizations, and domestic engineering capabilities.
Australia is also emerging as an important market for long-duration storage. Energy Dome's activity in Victoria demonstrates the potential for standardized CO2 Battery systems to support regions undergoing energy-system transition.
Europe remains strategically important because of Energy Dome's commercial base and standardized CO2 Battery deployment. Italy provides an important technology-development and operating base, while Ireland and other European markets are attracting projects supported by commercial offtakers and long-term contracting structures.
North America is moving toward larger commercial projects. Activity in Arizona, California, and Wisconsin demonstrates the transition from technology demonstrations toward utility-scale deployment. Project execution and long-term operational performance will determine how quickly the regional market develops.

Competitive and Strategic Outlook

The competitive landscape is relatively narrow compared with the broader long-duration energy storage industry. Energy Dome and Exa Energy Technology are the principal commercial-scale CO2 energy storage developers.
Energy Dome focuses on closed-loop CO2 Battery systems using gas-liquid phase change for long-duration grid storage. The company has multiple commercial projects and offers turnkey and storage-as-a-service business models. Exa Energy Technology develops compressed-CO2 gas-liquid phase-change systems and is progressing from operating projects toward larger installations in China and international markets.
Echogen Power Systems is developing pumped thermal energy storage using closed-loop supercritical CO2 cycles. EarthEn Energy is developing an sCO2 Battery combining packed-bed thermal storage with a supercritical CO2 pumped-heat cycle. Both provide a second technology pathway beyond phase-change compressed CO2 storage.
Activated Energy remains at the prototype stage and is developing compressed and liquefied CO2 storage aimed at compact and potentially urban applications. China Energy Engineering Corporation is conducting research into all-liquid CO2 energy storage but is not currently positioned as a mature commercial system supplier.
Competition is increasingly centered on round-trip efficiency, system availability, storage duration, construction cost, thermal management, equipment reliability, and the ability to provide standardized plant designs. Business models are also becoming important. Turnkey projects provide customers with complete systems, while storage-as-a-service can reduce customer capital requirements and create longer-term contracted revenue for developers.
Recent commercial activity indicates accelerating market maturity. Energy Dome announced a 23 MW/200 MWh project with Google in Ireland and a 19 MW/200 MWh ten-hour project with Salt River Project in Arizona. Exa Energy is scaling its technology from the Wuhu project toward the 100 MW/1,000 MWh Huadian Mulei project and an international project in California. Energy Dome has also announced expansion into Australia's Victoria market.
These developments indicate that CO2 energy storage is progressing from technology demonstration toward contracted utility-scale capacity. The ability of these projects to achieve planned construction schedules and demonstrate reliable commercial operation will be critical to the market's next stage of growth.

Conclusion

The CO2 Energy Storage Market is developing rapidly as power systems require longer-duration storage to support renewable integration, capacity provision, and grid flexibility. Gas-liquid phase-change compressed-CO2 systems currently dominate the commercial landscape, while supercritical CO2 pumped thermal storage and other architectures provide additional technology pathways.
Ten-hour storage configurations are emerging as the clearest near-term commercial opportunity because they can address evening peaks, renewable firming, and capacity contracts. Industrial waste-heat integration and data-centre demand are further expanding the addressable market.
China currently provides the strongest near-term deployment environment, while Europe and North America are progressing through standardized commercial projects and long-term contracting models. Continued project execution, operational validation, cost reduction, and standardization will determine how quickly CO2 storage moves from early commercial deployment to broader long-duration energy storage adoption through 2032.

Key Benefits of this Report

Insightful Analysis: Detailed market insights across regions, customer segments, policies, socio-economic factors, consumer preferences, and industry verticals.
Competitive Landscape: Understand strategic moves by key players to identify optimal market entry approaches.
Market Drivers and Future Trends: Assess major growth forces and emerging developments shaping the market.
Actionable Recommendations: Support strategic decisions to unlock new revenue streams.
Caters to a Wide Audience: Suitable for startups, research institutions, consultants, SMEs, and large enterprises.

What Businesses Use Our Reports For

Businesses use our reports for industry and market insights, opportunity assessment, product demand forecasting, market entry strategy, geographical expansion, capital investment decisions, regulatory analysis, new product development, and competitive intelligence.

Report Coverage

Historical data from 2021 to 2024, Base year 2025, and Forecast years from 2026 to 2032
Growth opportunities, challenges, supply chain outlook, regulatory framework, and trend analysis
Competitive positioning, strategies, and market share evaluation, and trade analysis
Revenue growth and forecast assessment across technology architectures, storage durations, applications, project models, end users, and geographies
Company profiling including strategies, products, financials, and key developments

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Market Opportunity and Key Findings
1.2. CO2 Energy Storage Commercialisation Outlook
1.3. Long-Duration Storage Role

2. Market Overview

2.1. CO2 Thermodynamic Storage Fundamentals
2.2. Closed-Loop Gas-Liquid Phase-Change Systems
2.3. Supercritical CO2 Pumped-Thermal Systems
2.4. Thermal Storage, Turbomachinery and Pressure Systems

3. Market Size and Forecast, 2026-2032

3.1. Global Market Revenue
3.2. Annual Growth Analysis
3.3. Commercial Project Pipeline and Revenue Timing

4. Market by Technology Architecture

4.1. Gas-Liquid Phase-Change Compressed CO2 Storage
4.2. Liquid CO2 Energy Storage
4.3. Supercritical CO2 Pumped Thermal Energy Storage
4.4. Adsorption-Assisted CO2 Storage
4.5. Geologically Integrated CO2 Storage

5. Market by Storage Duration

5.1. 4-8 Hours
5.2. Above 8-12 Hours
5.3. Above 12 Hours

6. Market by Application

6.1. Renewable Energy Firming
6.2. Grid Capacity and Peak Shifting
6.3. Industrial Energy Storage and Waste-Heat Integration
6.4. Data Centres and Digital Infrastructure
6.5. Carbon-Management-Integrated Energy Storage

7. Market by Project Model

7.1. Turnkey Plant Supply
7.2. Developer-Owned / Storage-as-a-Service
7.3. Utility-Owned Projects
7.4. Industrial Behind-the-Meter Projects

8. Market by End User

8.1. Utilities and Independent Power Producers
8.2. Renewable Energy Developers
8.3. Industrial Facilities
8.4. Data Centre Operators
8.5. Public-Sector and Demonstration Projects

9. Regional Market

9.1. Asia Pacific
- 9.1.1. China
- 9.1.2. Australia
- 9.1.3. India
9.2. Europe
- 9.2.1. Italy
- 9.2.2. Ireland
- 9.2.3. United Kingdom and Continental Europe
9.3. North America
- 9.3.1. United States
- 9.3.2. Canada
9.4. Rest of World

10. Market Dynamics

10.1. Drivers
- 10.1.1. Need for Eight-to-Twelve-Hour Grid Storage
- 10.1.2. Standardized Commercial Plant Designs
- 10.1.3. Industrial Heat and Carbon-Management Integration
- 10.1.4. Data Centre Demand for Firm Capacity
10.2. Restraints
- 10.2.1. Limited Long-Term Operating Data
- 10.2.2. Project Finance and Bankability
- 10.2.3. Plant Complexity and Balance-of-Plant Cost
- 10.2.4. Competition from Lithium-Ion, Flow Batteries and Other LDES Technologies