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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
2060314

全球生質塑膠市場（2026-2036 年）

The Global Bioplastics Market 2026-2036
出版日期: | 出版商: Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 629 Pages, 159 Tables, 122 Figures | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

2026年全球生質塑膠市場正處於環境需求與技術創新交會的十字路口。隨著傳統塑膠產量的持續成長，尋找可再生替代品的壓力已將曾經的小眾領域轉變為吸引大規模工業投資的熱門領域。儘管生物基聚合物在聚合物總產量中所佔佔有率仍然很小，但其市場佔有率正在穩步成長，預計到2036年，其成長速度將遠超整體塑膠市場。更嚴格的法規、公共資金投入以及主要品牌的採用都為這一成長提供了支撐。這些因素正在將永續發展措施轉化為穩定且長期的需求，加上該領域從利基應用走向主流應用，聚合物性能和成本競爭力也在不斷提升，這些因素共同推動了市場的發展。

生質塑膠正處於環境需求與技術創新的交會點。隨著傳統塑膠產量的持續成長，尋找可再生替代品的壓力已將曾經的小眾領域轉變為吸引大量工業投資的產業。儘管生物基聚合物在聚合物總產量中所佔佔有率仍然很小，但其市場佔有率正在穩步成長，預計到2036年，其成長速度將遠超整體塑膠市場。本報告將此視為生物塑膠從小眾應用到主流應用的轉變，並分析了從原料開發到成品的整個價值鏈中存在的多個切入點。

市場大致可分為兩大類。生物基不可生物分解聚合物（以環氧樹脂和聚氨酯主導）主要用作傳統塑膠的替代品，並受益於穩定且成熟的市場需求。相較之下，生物基可生物分解聚合物因其最終用途特性而備受青睞，其中聚羥基烷酯（PHA）尤其表現出顯著成長，這得益於其已證實的海洋生物分解性以及在可堆肥包裝領域不斷擴大的應用。聚乳酸（PLA）透過在亞洲和歐洲的業務擴張持續擴大其規模，而Polyethylene Furanoate（PEF）和生物基聚丙烯等新型材料正從試驗階段邁向商業化生產。

雖然甘油（生質柴油生產的主要成分）是主要原料，但高產作物中提取的醣類和澱粉，以及非食用植物油和纖維素也同樣被使用。這種原料多樣性使得該產業對土地利用的環境影響極低，消除了人們對生質塑膠會與糧食生產競爭的擔憂。未來，利用廢棄物和藻類原料生產聚合物的方法可望進一步緩解資源限制，同時提高成本競爭力。

雖然目前應用主要集中在紡織品、包裝和功能性材料領域，但本報告預測，到2036年，隨著性能的提升和法規核准的增多，汽車零件、電子產品機殼和醫療應用領域將佔相當大的佔有率。幾個結構性因素支撐了這項預測：更嚴格的法規，包括禁止使用一次性塑膠、碳定價和強制性再生材料含量；公共資金支持；以及領先品牌將永續性措施轉化為穩定、長期的採購模式。

主要不利因素包括：與化石燃料基塑膠相比，生物塑膠的生產成本更高（儘管這些成本正在逐年下降）；生產規模和基礎設施建設面臨限制；以及生質塑膠與回收系統的整合仍然不足。本報告的總體觀點是，這些障礙也蘊含著機遇，隨著向可再生材料的轉型日益不可逆轉，到2036年，該產業在風險調整後前景依然可觀。

報告包含以下資訊：

  • 摘要整理-生質塑膠的定義；全球塑膠市場和供應；聚合物回收；生物基可生物分解聚合物和不可生物分解聚合物的比較；生物基在整體聚合物市場中的含量；區域分佈；生物基組分概述；下一代聚合物；與化學回收的整合；新型原料生質塑膠來源；廢棄物轉化為生物產量；2025 年的生質塑膠和生物基含量；年，按地區分類）；全球市場預測；環境影響和永續性（碳足跡、生命週期評估、可再生能源、土地利用）；生物複合材料。
  • 引言 - 生物分解性/生物基獨立性原則；生質塑膠的類型（聚合物種類、單醣和植物油衍生途徑、生物基單體、綠色優質、直接替代/智慧直接替代/專業分類）；原料（類型、價格、替代品、食品、土地和水）；生產歷史（監管機構）；生質塑膠示蹤劑和標記；
  • 生物基原料和中間體市場 - 生物煉製；原料和土地利用；植物來源原料（澱粉和葡萄糖中間體、醣類作物和呋喃、木質纖維素生質能、植物油、酪廢棄物、生物工業廢棄物）；廢棄物原料（食品、農業、物料平衡、工業廢棄物來源的原料和礦物原料；
  • 生物基聚合物 -生物基/可再生塑膠（替代型與新型）；可生物分解和可堆肥塑膠；類型；主要市場參與者；合成生物基聚合物（APC、PLA、PET、PTT、PEF、PA、PBAT、PBS、PE、PP、超吸收性聚合物、PTF、PBT、P FA、PVC、PMMA、SBR、環氧樹脂、聚氨酯），市場分析、產量、應用、生產商以及2019-2036年預測；天然來源的生物基聚合物（PHA、纖維素/醋酸纖維素、MFC、奈米纖維素、酪蛋白）；天然纖維；木質素。
  • 生質塑膠市場 - 包裝（軟包裝和硬包裝）；消費品；汽車；建築；紡織品和織物產品（服裝、鞋類、醫用紡織品）；電子產品；農業和園藝；區域產量（北美、歐洲、亞太地區、拉丁美洲）；聚合物特定應用分佈（PLA、PHA、PBAT、PBS、SCPC、每種纖維素），2019 年 2036 年至 2036 年醋酸的產量。
  • 公司簡介 - 3DBioFibR、3M、9Fiber, Inc.、ADBioplastics、Adriano di Marti/Desserto、Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd.、Aeropowder Limited、Aemetis, Inc.、AEP Polymers、AGRANA Staerke GmbH、AgroRegenes、Aemetis, Inc.AEP Polymers、AGRANA Staerke GmbH、Agrol. Co., Ltd.、Algenol、Algenie、Alginor ASA、Algix LLC、AmicaTerra、AmphiStar、AMSilk GmbH、Ananas Anam Ltd.、An Phat Bioplastics、Anellotech, Inc.、Andritz AG、Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd.、ANAnellotech, Inc.、Andritz AG、Ankor Bioplastics Co。 Ltd、Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM)、Arctic Biomaterials Oy、Ardra Bio、Arekapak GmbH、Arkema SA、Arlanxeo、Arrow Greentech、Attis Innovations, llc、Arzeda Corp.、旭化成化學株式會社、AVA Biochem AG、Avantium BV、Avaniable、Amerkal Corporation、Avantium BV、Avani） Inc.、Azolla、BacAlt Biosciences、Balrampur Chini Mills、Bambooder Biobased Fibers BV、BASF股份公司、Bast Fiber Technologies, Inc.、BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd.、Bcomp ltd.、Better Ferial FerialTechnologies、Bet Acid Co., Ltd.、Bcomp ltd.、Better FerialTechnologies、Betalt、Bioxa、Biot​​alk ltd.由AG、Biophilica、Bioplastech Ltd、Bioplastix、Biopolax、Biotecam、Biotic Circular Technologies Ltd.、Biotrem、Biovox、Bioweg、bitBiome、Bitrez、BlockTexx Pty Ltd.、Bloom Biorenewables SA、BluCon Biotech GmbH、BlueFuels, Inc.、Bloom Biorenewables SA、BlueCon Biotech GmbH、BlueFuelsn, Inc.、 Ltd.、Bolt Threads、Borealis AG、Borregaard Chemcell、Bosk Bioproducts Inc.、Bowil Biotech Sp.z oo、B-PREG、Braskem SA、Bucha Bio, Inc.、Buyo Bioplastic Ltd.、Burgo Group SpA、B'ZEOS、C16 Biosciences、Carbiol, Bioscience Ltd.、Burgo Group SpA、B'ZEOS、C16 Biosciences、Carbiol Bioscience Ltd、 Ltd.、Cardolite、CARAPAC Company Carapace Biopolymers、Cargill、Cass Materials Pty Ltd、Catalyxx、Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd.、Celanese Corporation、Cellicon BV、Cellucomp Ltd.、Cellu、CellON、Cellugy、Cellicon BV、Cellucomp Ltd.、Cellus、CellON、Cellugy、Cellicon BV、Cellucomp Ltd.. Inc.、Chempolis Oy、Chestnut Bio Polymers、Chitelix、重慶博飛生化製品有限公司、中越紙業股份有限公司、CIMV、Circa Group、Circular Systems、CJ Biomaterials, Inc.、CO2BioClean、Coastgrass ApS、中糧Group Limited、Coffeeco Upcycle、CornClean、Coat​​orass ApS、中糧Group Limited、Coffeeco Upcycle、Cornx​​Sext、C.al. Group、Cruz Foam、CuanTec Ltd.、Daesang、Daicel Corporation、Daicel Polymer Ltd.大京西川株式會社、大王製紙株式會社、大昭及紙業株式會社、DAK Americas LLC、Dan*na (Danna)、Danimer Scientific LLC、電裝株式會Ltd.、DMC Biotechnologies、Domsjo Fabriker AB、Domtar Paper Company LLC、東南瑞利、東營和邦化學株式會社、陶氏化學、皇家帝斯曼公司、DuFor Resins BV、杜邦公司、杜邦泰萊生物製品有限公司、伊士曼化學有限公司、ecoGenie biotech、Ecotech、EcoPHAn LLC. Co., Ltd.、Ecovative Design LLC、Eden Materials、EggPlant Srl、愛媛造紙株式會社、Elea & Lili Ltd、Emirates Biotech、EMS-Grivory Enerkem, Inc.、Enkev、Eni SpA、Enviral、EnginZyme AB、EnzyE、Eranovaer、Es​​yyyal、Esel​​k、Es​​yyyk、Es繞r、Esvony AG、Evrnu、Expedition Zero、FabricNano、Fairbrics、Faircraft、遠東新世紀股份有限公司、Fermentalg、Fiberlean Technologies、Fiberright、Fillerbank Limited、Fiquetex SAS、FKuR Kunststoff GmbH、FlexSea、Flocus、Floreon、Foamplan 以及其他眾多公司。

目錄

第1章摘要整理

第2章：引言

  • 生物分解性和生物基獨立性的原則。
  • 生質塑膠的類型
  • 原料
  • 儲存和管理記錄
  • 化學示踪劑和標記物
  • 生質塑膠法規

第3章：生物基原料及中間體市場

  • 生物淨化廠
  • 原料和土地利用
  • 植物來源原料
  • 廢棄物
  • 微生物和礦物來源的
  • 氣態原料

第4章：生物基聚合物

  • 生物基或可再生塑膠
  • 可生物分解和可堆肥塑膠
  • 類型
  • 主要市場參與企業
  • 合成生物基聚合物
    • 脂肪族聚碳酸酯（APC）－環狀和線性
    • 聚乳酸（生物基PLA）
    • 聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯（生物基PET）
    • 聚對苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（bio-PTT）
    • 聚乙烯糠酸酯（bioPEF）
    • 聚醯胺（生物基聚醯胺）
    • 聚己二酸丁二醇酯-對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（bio-PBAT）
    • 聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）和共聚物
    • 聚乙烯（生物基聚乙烯）
    • 聚丙烯（生物基聚丙烯）
    • 超吸收性聚合物
    • 聚三亞甲基法蘭羧酸鹽（PTF）
    • 生物基聚對聚丁烯對苯二甲酸酯（bio-PBT）
    • 聚糠醇（PFA）
    • 生物基聚氯乙烯（生物基PVC）
    • 生物基聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（生物基PMMA）
    • 生物基苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠（生物基SBR）
    • 環氧樹脂（含生物基材料）
    • 聚氨酯（PUR，含生物基材料）
  • 天然生物基聚合物
  • 天然纖維
  • 木質素

第5章：生質塑膠市場

  • 包裝材料（軟包裝材料和硬包裝材料）
  • 消費品
  • 車
  • 建築/施工
  • 紡織品
  • 電子學
  • 農業和園藝
  • 區域生物聚合物產量
    • 北美洲
    • 歐洲
    • 亞太地區
    • 拉丁美洲
  • 聚合物用途廣泛，分佈廣泛。

第6章：公司簡介（592家公司簡介）

第7章附錄

第8章參考文獻

The global bioplastics market in 2026 sits at the intersection of environmental necessity and technological innovation. As conventional plastic production continues to grow, the pressure to find renewable alternatives has turned what was once a niche into a sector attracting serious industrial investment. Bio-based polymers still account for only a small share of total polymer production, but that share is expanding steadily and is expected to keep growing well ahead of the wider plastics market through to 2036. Underpinning this are intensifying regulation, public funding support, and corporate adoption by major brands converting sustainability commitments into stable, long-term demand, alongside steady gains in polymer performance and cost competitiveness as the sector moves from niche applications toward mainstream adoption.

Bioplastics sit at the intersection of environmental necessity and technological innovation. As conventional plastic production continues to grow, the pressure to find renewable alternatives has turned what was once a niche into a sector attracting serious industrial investment. Bio-based polymers still account for only a small share of total polymer production, but that share is expanding steadily and is expected to keep growing well ahead of the wider plastics market through to 2036. The report frames this as a transition from niche applications toward mainstream adoption, with multiple entry points across the value chain from feedstock development to finished products.

The market divides into two broad families. Bio-based non-biodegradable polymers - led in absolute volume by epoxy resins and polyurethanes - function largely as drop-in replacements for conventional plastics and benefit from consistent, established demand. Bio-based biodegradable polymers, by contrast, are valued for their end-of-life properties, with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) the standout growth story on the strength of marine-biodegradability credentials and expanding compostable-packaging applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) continues to scale through Asian and European expansions, while newer materials such as polyethylene furanoate (PEF) and bio-based polypropylene are moving from pilot toward commercial scale.

Feedstocks are dominated by glycerol - a by-product of biodiesel production - alongside sugars and starch from high-yield crops, plus non-edible plant oils and cellulose. This diversity keeps the industry's land-use footprint very small, undercutting the recurring concern that bioplastics compete with food production. Looking ahead, waste-to-polymer routes and algae-based feedstocks are expected to ease resource constraints further while improving cost competitiveness.

Applications today concentrate in fibres, packaging and functional uses, but the report expects automotive components, electronics housings and medical applications to take a materially larger share by 2036 as performance characteristics improve and regulatory approvals accumulate. Several structural forces underpin this outlook: intensifying regulation, including single-use plastic bans, carbon pricing and recycled-content mandates; public funding support; and corporate adoption by major brands converting sustainability commitments into stable, long-term procurement.

The principal headwinds remain a production-cost premium over fossil plastics - narrowing year on year - together with scale-up and infrastructure constraints and the still-underdeveloped integration of bioplastics into recycling systems. The report's overall judgement is that these obstacles also represent opportunities, and that the sector offers compelling risk-adjusted prospects through 2036 as the transition toward renewable materials becomes increasingly irreversible.

Report contents include:

  • Executive Summary - definition of bioplastics; global plastics market and supply; recycling of polymers; bio-based biodegradable vs. non-biodegradable polymers; bio-based content across the full polymer market; regional distribution; bio-based building-blocks overview; next-generation polymers; integration with chemical recycling; novel feedstock sources; turning waste into bioplastics; 2025 production shares and bio-based content; global bioplastics capacity (2025, forecast to 2036, by region); global market forecasts; environmental impact and sustainability (carbon footprint, LCA, renewables, land use); bio-composites.
  • Introduction - the biodegradability/bio-based independence principle; types of bioplastics (polymer types, monosaccharide and vegetable-oil routes, bio-based monomers, the green premium, drop-in/smart drop-in/dedicated classification); feedstocks (types, prices, alternatives, food/land/water); chain of custody; chemical tracers and markers; bioplastics regulations (US, Europe, EU Bioeconomy Strategy, Asia-Pacific, EPR).
  • Bio-based Feedstocks and Intermediates Market - biorefineries; feedstock and land use; plant-based feedstocks (starch and glucose-platform intermediates, sugar crops and the furan platform, lignocellulosic biomass, plant oils, casein, bio-naphtha); waste feedstocks (food, agricultural, forestry, fishing, MSW, industrial); microbial and mineral sources; gaseous feedstocks (biogas, syngas, off-gases); feedstock-to-polymer mapping and mass balance.
  • Bio-based Polymers - bio-based/renewable plastics (drop-in vs. novel); biodegradable and compostable plastics; types; key market players; synthetic bio-based polymers (APC, PLA, PET, PTT, PEF, PA, PBAT, PBS, PE, PP, superabsorbents, PTF, PBT, PFA, PVC, PMMA, SBR, epoxy resins, polyurethanes), each with market analysis, production, applications, producers and 2019–2036 forecasts; natural bio-based polymers (PHA, cellulose/cellulose acetate, MFC, nanocellulose, casein); natural fibres; lignin.
  • Markets for Bioplastics - packaging (flexible and rigid); consumer goods; automotive; building and construction; textiles and fibres (apparel, footwear, medical textiles); electronics; agriculture and horticulture; production by region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America); polymer-specific application distribution (PLA, PHA, PBAT, PBS, SCPC, cellulose acetate), each with 2019–2036 production volumes.
  • Company Profiles - 600 company profiles including 3DBioFibR, 3M, 9Fiber, Inc., ADBioplastics, Adriano di Marti/Desserto, Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Aeropowder Limited, Aemetis, Inc., AEP Polymers, AGRANA Staerke GmbH, AgroRenew, Ahlstrom-Munksjo Oyj, Algaeing, Algenesis Corporation, Algal Bio Co., Ltd., Algenol, Algenie, Alginor ASA, Algix LLC, AmicaTerra, AmphiStar, AMSilk GmbH, Ananas Anam Ltd., An Phat Bioplastics, Anellotech, Inc., Andritz AG, Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd., ANPOLY, Inc., Anqing He Xing Chemical Co., Ltd., Applied Bioplastics, Aquafil S.p.A., Aquapak Polymers Ltd, Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM), Arctic Biomaterials Oy, Ardra Bio, Arekapak GmbH, Arkema S.A, Arlanxeo, Arrow Greentech, Attis Innovations, llc, Arzeda Corp., Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, AVA Biochem AG, Avantium B.V., Avani Eco, Avient Corporation, Axcelon Biopolymers Corporation, Ayas Renewables Inc., Azolla, BacAlt Biosciences, Balrampur Chini Mills, Bambooder Biobased Fibers B.V., BASF SE, Bast Fiber Technologies, Inc., BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd., Bcomp ltd., Better FiberTechnologies, Betulium Oy, Beyond Leather Materials ApS, Bioextrax AB, Bio Fab NZ, BIO-FED, BiofiberGmbH, Biofine Technology, LLC, Bio2Materials Sp. z o.o., Biokemik, Bioleather, BIOLO, BioLogiQ, Inc., Biomass Resin Holdings Co., Ltd., Biome Bioplastics, BioSolutions, Biosyntia, BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG, Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Bioform Technologies, BIO-LUTIONS International AG, Biophilica, Bioplastech Ltd, Bioplastix, Biopolax, Biotecam, Biotic Circular Technologies Ltd., Biotrem, Biovox, Bioweg, bitBiome, Bitrez, BlockTexx Pty Ltd., Bloom Biorenewables SA, BluCon Biotech GmbH, Blue BioFuels, Inc., Blue Ocean Closures, Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd., Bolt Threads, Borealis AG, Borregaard Chemcell, Bosk Bioproducts Inc., Bowil Biotech Sp. z o.o., B-PREG, Braskem SA, Bucha Bio, Inc., Buyo Bioplastic Ltd., Burgo Group S.p.A., B'ZEOS, C16 Biosciences, Carbiolice, Carbios, Carbon Crusher, Carbonwave, Cardia Bioplastics Ltd., Cardolite, CARAPAC Company, Carapace Biopolymers, Cargill, Cass Materials Pty Ltd, Catalyxx, Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd., Celanese Corporation, Cellicon B.V., Cellucomp Ltd., Celluforce, CellON, Cellugy, Cellutech AB (Stora Enso), ChainCraft, CH-Bioforce Oy, ChakraTech, Chazence, Checkerspot, Inc., Chempolis Oy, Chestnut Bio Polymers, Chitelix, Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products Co., Ltd., Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., CIMV, Circa Group, Circular Systems, CJ Biomaterials, Inc., CO2BioClean, Coastgrass ApS, COFCO Cooperation Ltd., Coffeeco Upcycle, Corn Next, Corumat, Inc., Clariant AG, CreaFill Fibers Corporation, Cristal Union Group, Cruz Foam, CuanTec Ltd., Daesang, Daicel Corporation, Daicel Polymer Ltd., DaikyoNishikawa Corporation, Daio Paper Corporation, Daishowa Paper Products Co. Ltd., DAK Americas LLC, Dan*na (Danna), Danimer Scientific LLC, DENSO Corporation, Diamond Green Diesel LLC, DIC Corporation, DIC Products, Inc., Dispersa, DKS Co. Ltd., DMC Biotechnologies, Domsjo Fabriker AB, Domtar Paper Company LLC, Dongnam Realize, Dongying Hebang Chemical Corp., Dow, Inc., Royal DSM N.V., DuFor Resins B.V., DuPont, DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Co., LLC, Eastman Chemical Ltd. Corporation, ecoGenie biotech, Ecopel, EcoPHA Biotech Pty Ltd, Ecoshell, Eco Shot LLC, Ecovia Renewables, Ecovance Co., Ltd., Ecovative Design LLC, Eden Materials, EggPlant Srl, Ehime Paper Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Elea & Lili Ltd, Emirates Biotech, EMS-Grivory, Enerkem, Inc., Enkev, Eni S.p.A., Enviral, EnginZyme AB, Enzymit, Eranova, Esbottle Oy, EveryCarbon, Evolved By Nature, Evonik Industries AG, Evrnu, Expedition Zero, FabricNano, Fairbrics, Faircraft, Far Eastern New Century Corporation, Fermentalg, Fiberlean Technologies, Fiberight, Fillerbank Limited, Fiquetex S.A.S., FKuR Kunststoff GmbH, FlexSea, Flocus, Floreon, Foamplant BV, Foray Bioscience, and more....

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1.1 What are bioplastics?
  • 1.2 Global Plastics Market and Supply
  • 1.3 Recycling Polymers
  • 1.4 Bio-based and Biodegradable vs. Non-biodegradable Polymers
  • 1.5 Bio-based Content Across the Full Polymer Market
  • 1.6 Regional Distribution
  • 1.7 Bio-based Building Blocks Market Overview
  • 1.8 Next Generation Bio-based Polymers
  • 1.9 Integration with Chemical Recycling
  • 1.10 Novel Feedstock Sources
  • 1.11 Turning Waste into Bioplastics
  • 1.12 Bio-based Polymer Production Shares and Bio-based Content:
  • 1.13 Global Bioplastics Capacity
    • 1.13.1 Production capacities
    • 1.13.2 Production capacities forecast 2025-2036
    • 1.13.3 Production capacities by region 2024-2036
  • 1.14 Global Market Forecasts
  • 1.15 Environmental Impact and Sustainability
    • 1.15.1 Plastics carbon footprint
    • 1.15.2 Bioplastics carbon footprint
    • 1.15.3 Life Cycle Assessment of Bioplastics
    • 1.15.4 Use of renewables in production
    • 1.15.5 Land Use and Feedstock Sustainability
    • 1.15.6 Carbon Footprint Comparison with Fossil-based Alternatives
  • 1.16 Bio-composites
    • 1.16.1 Sustainable packaging
    • 1.16.2 Enhanced biodegradation of bio-based polymers
    • 1.16.3 Bio-composite manufacturing
    • 1.16.4 Sustainability and Environmental Performance of Bio-based Polymers

2 INTRODUCTION

  • 2.1 The Biodegradability and Bio-based Independence Principle
  • 2.2 Types of bioplastics
    • 2.2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2.2 Polymer Types
      • 2.2.2.1 Transition from fossil-based to bio-based polymers
      • 2.2.2.2 Monosaccharides
      • 2.2.2.3 Vegetable Oils
    • 2.2.3 Bio-based monomers
      • 2.2.3.1 Portfolio of available monomers
      • 2.2.3.2 Emerging Monomer Technologies
    • 2.2.4 The Green Premium
    • 2.2.5 Market Pathway Classification: Drop-in, Smart Drop-in and Dedicated Bio-based Polymers
  • 2.3 Feedstocks
    • 2.3.1 Types
    • 2.3.2 Prices
    • 2.3.3 Alternative feedstocks for bioplastics
    • 2.3.4 Food security, land use, and water resources
  • 2.4 Chain of custody
  • 2.5 Chemical tracers and markers
  • 2.6 Bioplastics regulations
    • 2.6.1 Overview
    • 2.6.2 The UN Global Plastics Treaty
    • 2.6.3 Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
    • 2.6.4 United States
    • 2.6.5 Europe
      • 2.6.5.1 EU Bioeconomy Strategy November
    • 2.6.6 Asia-Pacific
    • 2.6.7 Recycled-content mandates and material bans

3 BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCKS AND INTERMEDIATES MARKET

  • 3.1 Biorefineries
  • 3.2 Feedstock and Land Use
  • 3.3 Plant-based Feedstocks
    • 3.3.1 Starch
    • 3.3.2 Glucose-platform intermediates
    • 3.3.3 Sugar crops and the furan platform
    • 3.3.4 Lignocellulosic biomass
    • 3.3.5 Plant oils
    • 3.3.6 Other plant-based feedstocks
  • 3.4 Waste Feedstocks
  • 3.5 Microbial and Mineral Sources
  • 3.6 Gaseous Feedstocks

4 BIO-BASED POLYMERS

  • 4.1 BIO-BASED OR RENEWABLE PLASTICS
    • 4.1.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics
    • 4.1.2 Novel bio-based plastics
  • 4.2 BIODEGRADABLE AND COMPOSTABLE PLASTICS
    • 4.2.1 Biodegradability
    • 4.2.2 Compostability
  • 4.3 TYPES
  • 4.4 KEY MARKET PLAYERS
  • 4.5 SYNTHETIC BIO-BASED POLYMERS
    • 4.5.1 Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic and linear
      • 4.5.1.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.1.2 Production
      • 4.5.1.3 Applications
      • 4.5.1.4 Producers
    • 4.5.2 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
      • 4.5.2.1 What is polylactic acid?
      • 4.5.2.2 Market analysis
      • 4.5.2.3 Applications
      • 4.5.2.4 Production
      • 4.5.2.5 Biomanufacturing of lactic acid (C3H6O3)
      • 4.5.2.6 Bacterial fermentation
        • 4.5.2.6.1 Lactic acid
        • 4.5.2.6.2 Selection of optimal bacterial strains
        • 4.5.2.6.3 Downstream processing of fermentation broth into PLA-grade lactic acid
      • 4.5.2.7 PLA hydrolysis
      • 4.5.2.8 Ocean degradation
      • 4.5.2.9 PLA end-of-life
      • 4.5.2.10 Producers and production capacities, current and planned
        • 4.5.2.10.1 Lactic acid producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.2.10.2 PLA producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.2.10.3 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
        • 4.5.2.10.4 PLA Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.3 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
      • 4.5.3.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.3.2 Bio-based MEG and PET
        • 4.5.3.2.1 Monomer production
        • 4.5.3.2.2 Applications
      • 4.5.3.3 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.3.4 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)
      • 4.5.4.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.4.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.4.3 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
      • 4.5.4.4 PTT Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.5 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)
      • 4.5.5.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.5.2 Comparative properties to PET
      • 4.5.5.3 Commercial status
      • 4.5.5.4 Producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.5.4.1 FDCA and PEF producers and production capacities
        • 4.5.5.4.2 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
    • 4.5.6 Polyamides (Bio-PA)
      • 4.5.6.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.6.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.6.3 Polyamides (Bio-PA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
      • 4.5.6.4 Bio-PA Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.7 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)
      • 4.5.7.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.7.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.7.3 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
      • 4.5.7.4 PBAT Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.8 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
      • 4.5.8.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.8.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.8.3 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
      • 4.5.8.4 PBS Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.9 Polyethylene (Bio-PE)
      • 4.5.9.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.9.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.9.3 Polyethylene (Bio-PE) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
      • 4.5.9.4 Bio-PE Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.10 Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
      • 4.5.10.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.10.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.10.3 Polypropylene (Bio-PP) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
      • 4.5.10.4 Bio-PP Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.11 Superabsorbent polymers
      • 4.5.11.1 Market analysis
      • 4.5.11.2 Production
      • 4.5.11.3 Applications
      • 4.5.11.4 Producers
    • 4.5.12 Polytrimethylene Furandicarboxylate (PTF)
      • 4.5.12.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.12.2 Production
      • 4.5.12.3 Applications
      • 4.5.12.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.12.5 PTF Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.13 Bio-based Polybutylene Terephthalate (Bio-PBT)
      • 4.5.13.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.13.2 Production
      • 4.5.13.3 Applications
      • 4.5.13.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.13.5 Bio-PBT Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.14 Polyfurfuryl Alcohol (PFA)
      • 4.5.14.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.14.2 Production
      • 4.5.14.3 Applications
      • 4.5.14.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.14.5 PFA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.15 Bio-based Polyvinyl Chloride (Bio-PVC)
      • 4.5.15.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.15.2 Production
      • 4.5.15.3 Applications
      • 4.5.15.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.15.5 Bio-PVC Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.16 Bio-based Polymethyl Methacrylate (Bio-PMMA)
      • 4.5.16.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.16.2 Production
      • 4.5.16.3 Applications
      • 4.5.16.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.16.5 Bio-PMMA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.17 Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR)
      • 4.5.17.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.17.2 Production
      • 4.5.17.3 Applications
      • 4.5.17.4 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.17.5 Bio-SBR Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.18 Epoxy resins (bio-based content)
      • 4.5.18.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.18.2 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.18.3 Epoxy resins (bio fraction) production 2019–2036
      • 4.5.18.4 Epoxy resins Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.5.19 Polyurethanes (PUR, bio-based content)
      • 4.5.19.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.5.19.2 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.5.19.3 Polyurethanes (PUR, bio fraction) production 2019–2036
      • 4.5.19.4 PUR Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.6 NATURAL BIO-BASED POLYMERS
    • 4.6.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
      • 4.6.1.1 Technology description
      • 4.6.1.2 Types
        • 4.6.1.2.1 PHB
        • 4.6.1.2.2 PHBV
      • 4.6.1.3 Synthesis and production processes
      • 4.6.1.4 Market analysis
      • 4.6.1.5 Commercially available PHAs
      • 4.6.1.6 Markets for PHAs
        • 4.6.1.6.1 Packaging
        • 4.6.1.6.2 Cosmetics
          • 4.6.1.6.2.1 PHA microspheres
        • 4.6.1.6.3 Medical
          • 4.6.1.6.3.1 Tissue engineering
          • 4.6.1.6.3.2 Drug delivery
        • 4.6.1.6.4 Agriculture
          • 4.6.1.6.4.1 Mulch film
          • 4.6.1.6.4.2 Grow bags
      • 4.6.1.7 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.6.1.8 PHA production capacities 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
      • 4.6.1.9 PHA Production by region 2019–2036
    • 4.6.2 Cellulose
      • 4.6.2.1 Cellulose acetate (CA)
        • 4.6.2.1.1 Market analysis
        • 4.6.2.1.2 Production
        • 4.6.2.1.3 Applications
        • 4.6.2.1.4 Cellulose acetate Production by region 2019–2036
        • 4.6.2.1.5 Producers
      • 4.6.2.2 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
        • 4.6.2.2.1 Market analysis
        • 4.6.2.2.2 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.6.2.3 Nanocellulose
      • 4.6.2.4 Casein polymers
        • 4.6.2.4.1 Market analysis
      • 4.6.2.5 Commercial status
        • 4.6.2.5.1 Production
        • 4.6.2.5.2 Applications
      • 4.6.2.6 Algal, Fungal and Mycelium-based Materials: Emerging Outlook
    • 4.6.3 Starch-containing polymer compounds (SCPC)
      • 4.6.3.1 Market Analysis
      • 4.6.3.2 Producers and Production Capacities
      • 4.6.3.3 SCPC production 2019–2036
      • 4.6.3.4 SCPC Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.7 NATURAL FIBERS
    • 4.7.1 Manufacturing method, matrix materials and applications of natural fibers
    • 4.7.2 Advantages of natural fibers
    • 4.7.3 Commercially available next-gen natural fiber products
    • 4.7.4 Market drivers for next-gen natural fibers
    • 4.7.5 Challenges
    • 4.7.6 Plants (cellulose, lignocellulose)
    • 4.7.7 Animal (fibrous protein)
    • 4.7.8 Markets for natural fibers
    • 4.7.9 Global production of natural fibers
  • 4.8 LIGNIN
    • 4.8.1 Lignin as a Bio-based Polymer Feedstock

5 MARKETS FOR BIOPLASTICS

  • 5.1 Packaging (Flexible and Rigid)
    • 5.1.1 Processes for bioplastics in packaging
    • 5.1.2 Applications
    • 5.1.3 Flexible packaging
      • 5.1.3.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
    • 5.1.4 Rigid packaging
      • 5.1.4.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.2 Consumer Goods
    • 5.2.1 Applications
    • 5.2.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.3 Automotive
    • 5.3.1 Applications
    • 5.3.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.4 Building and Construction
    • 5.4.1 Applications
    • 5.4.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.5 Textiles and Fibers
    • 5.5.1 Apparel
    • 5.5.2 Footwear
    • 5.5.3 Medical textiles
    • 5.5.4 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.6 Electronics
    • 5.6.1 Applications
    • 5.6.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.7 Agriculture and Horticulture
    • 5.7.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.8 Production of Biopolymers, by region
    • 5.8.1 North America
    • 5.8.2 Europe
    • 5.8.3 Asia-Pacific
    • 5.8.4 Latin America
  • 5.9 Polymer-Specific Application Distribution
    • 5.9.1 All bio-based polymers - Application summary
    • 5.9.2 PLA - Application distribution
    • 5.9.3 PHA - Application distribution
    • 5.9.4 PBAT - Application distribution
    • 5.9.5 PBS - Application distribution
    • 5.9.6 SCPC - Application distribution
    • 5.9.7 Cellulose acetate - Application distribution

6 COMPANY PROFILES (592 company profiles)

7 APPENDIX

  • 7.1 Research Methodology

8 REFERENCES

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Global Plastics Production (1950-2025).
  • Table 2. Bio-based and Biodegradable vs. Non-biodegradable Polymers (2025).
  • Table 3. Regional Biopolymer Distribution and Projections (2025–2036)
  • Table 4. Regional Production Capacity Projections (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 5. Bio-based Building Blocks Market Overview
  • Table 6. Global Bio-based Building Block Production Capacities 2011–2036 (million tonnes total, all building blocks)
  • Table 7. Next Generation Bio-based Polymers.
  • Table 8. Bio-based Polymers and Chemical Recycling (2024-2036).
  • Table 9. Novel Feedstock Sources
  • Table 10. Bio-based Polymer Production Shares and Bio-based Content: 2025
  • Table 11. Global Bio-based Polymer Production Capacities and Production 2025
  • Table 12. Bio-based Polymer Global Installed Capacity Forecast 2025–2036 by Type (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 13. Bioplastics Production Capacities by Region 2024-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 14. Global Bio-based Polymers Market by Type 2020–2036 (Revenues $M)
  • Table 15. Life Cycle Assessment of Bio-based Polymers.
  • Table 16. Carbon Footprint Comparison with Fossil-based Alternative
  • Table 17. Available Bio-based Monomers.
  • Table 18. Bioplastic feedstocks,
  • Table 19. Bioplastics regulations around the world.
  • Table 20. Global biomass demand and the bio-based polymer share, 2023–2025
  • Table 21.Common starch sources used as bio-based feedstock
  • Table 22. Global production of starch for bio-based chemicals (million tonnes)
  • Table 23. Production of major glucose-platform intermediates (tonnes unless stated)
  • Table 24. Production of key furan-platform intermediates (tonnes)
  • Table 25. Intermediates derived from lignocellulosic biomass
  • Table 26. Production of major plant-oil intermediates (tonnes)
  • Table 27. Waste feedstocks and derived products
  • Table 28.Gaseous feedstocks and conversion routes
  • Table 29. Type of biodegradation.
  • Table 30. Advantages and disadvantages of biobased plastics compared to conventional plastics.
  • Table 31. Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics, applications.
  • Table 32. Key market players by Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastic types.
  • Table 33. Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic and linear production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 34. Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic and linear Applications.
  • Table 35. Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) producers.
  • Table 36. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 37. Optimal Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains for Fermentation
  • Table 38. Lactic acid producers and production capacities.
  • Table 39. PLA producers and production capacities.
  • Table 40. Planned PLA Capacity Expansions (2025 confirmed)
  • Table 41. PLA Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 42. Polylactic acid (PLA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 43. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 44. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers and production capacities.
  • Table 45. Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 46. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 47. PTT Production Capacities (2025)
  • Table 48. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 49. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 50. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 51. PEF vs. PET.
  • Table 52. FDCA and PEF Producers (2025)
  • Table 53. Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 54. Bio-based polyamides (Bio-PA) market analysis - manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 55. Bio-PA Producers Production Capacities (2025)
  • Table 56. Polyamides (Bio-PA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 57. Polyamides (Bio-PA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 58. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 59. PBAT Producers, Production Capacities and Brands (2025)
  • Table 60. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 61. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 62. Bio-PBS market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 63. PBS Producers and Production Capacities (2025)
  • Table 64. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 65. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 66. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 67. Leading Bio-PE producers.
  • Table 68. Polyethylene (Bio-PE) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 69. Polyethylene (Bio-PE) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 70. Bio-PP market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 71. Bio-PP Producers and Capacities (2025)
  • Table 72. Polypropylene (Bio-PP) production capacities 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 73. Polypropylene (Bio-PP) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 74. Superabsorbent Polymers Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 75. Superabsorbent polymers Applications.
  • Table 76. Superabsorbent polymers producers.
  • Table 77. Polytrimethylene furandicarboxylate (PTF) Applications
  • Table 78. Polytrimethylene furandicarboxylate (PTF) Producers and Production Capacities
  • Table 79. PTF Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 80. Bio-based polybutylene terephthalate (bio-PBT) Applications
  • Table 81. Bio-based polybutylene terephthalate (bio-PBT) Producers and Production Capacities
  • Table 82. Bio-based polybutylene terephthalate (bio-PBT) Bio-PBT Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 83. Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) Applications
  • Table 84. Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) Producers and Production Capacities
  • Table 85. Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 86. Bio-based polyvinyl chloride (bio-PVC)
  • Table 87. Bio-based polyvinyl chloride (bio-PVC) Producers and Production Capacities
  • Table 88. Bio-PVC Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 89. Bio-PMMA Applications
  • Table 90. Bio-PMMA Producers and Production Capacities
  • Table 91. Bio-PMMA Bio-PMMA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 92. Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR) Applications
  • Table 93. Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR)
  • Table 94. Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR)
  • Table 95. Epoxy resins (bio fraction) production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 96. Epoxy resins (bio fraction) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 97. Polyurethanes (PUR, bio fraction) production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 98.Types of PHAs and properties.
  • Table 99. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers.
  • Table 100. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.
  • Table 101. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) market analysis.
  • Table 102. Commercially available PHAs.
  • Table 103. Markets and applications for PHAs.
  • Table 104. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.
  • Table 105. PHA Producers (2025)
  • Table 106. PHA production capacities 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • Table 107. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 108. Cellulose acetate (CA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 109. Cellulose acetate (CA) applications.
  • Table 110. Cellulose acetate (CA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 111. Cellulose acetate (CA) producers.
  • Table 112. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
  • Table 113. Leading MFC producers and capacities.
  • Table 114. Casein polymers production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 115. Casein polymers applications.
  • Table 116. Starch-containing polymer compounds Producers and Production Capacities
  • Table 117. Starch-containing polymer compounds (SCPC) production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 118. SCPC production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 119. Types of next-gen natural fibers.
  • Table 120. Application, manufacturing method, and matrix materials of natural fibers.
  • Table 121. Typical properties of natural fibers.
  • Table 122. Commercially available next-gen natural fiber products.
  • Table 123. Market drivers for natural fibers.
  • Table 124. Overview of cotton fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 125. Cotton production volume 2018-2036 (Million MT).
  • Table 126. Overview of kapok fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 127. Kapok production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 128. Overview of luffa fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 129. Overview of jute fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 130. Jute production volume 2018-2036 (Million MT).
  • Table 131. Overview of hemp fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 132. Hemp fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 133. Overview of flax fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 134. Flax fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 135. Overview of ramie fibers- description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 136. Ramie fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 137. Overview of kenaf fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 138. Kenaf fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 139. Overview of sisal leaf fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 140. Sisal fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 141. Overview of abaca fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 142. Abaca fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 143. Overview of coir fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 144. Coir fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MILLION MT).
  • Table 145. Overview of banana fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 146. Banana fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
  • Table 147. Overview of pineapple fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 148. Overview of rice fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 149. Overview of corn fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 150. Overview of switch grass fibers-description, properties and applications.
  • Table 151. Overview of sugarcane fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and application and market size.
  • Table 152. Overview of bamboo fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 153. Bamboo fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MILLION MT).
  • Table 154. Overview of wool fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
  • Table 155. Alternative wool materials producers.
  • Table 156. Overview of silk fibers-description, properties, application and market size.
  • Table 157. Alternative silk materials producers.
  • Table 158. Alternative leather materials producers.
  • Table 159. Next-gen fur producers.
  • Table 160. Alternative down materials producers.
  • Table 161. Applications of natural fiber composites.
  • Table 162. Typical properties of short natural fiber-thermoplastic composites.
  • Table 163. Properties of non-woven natural fiber mat composites.
  • Table 164. Properties of aligned natural fiber composites.
  • Table 165. Properties of natural fiber-bio-based polymer compounds.
  • Table 166. Properties of natural fiber-bio-based polymer non-woven mats.
  • Table 167. Natural fibers in the aerospace sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
  • Table 168. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite in the automotive market.
  • Table 169. Natural fibers in the aerospace sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
  • Table 170. Applications of natural fibers in the automotive industry.
  • Table 171. Natural fibers in the building/construction sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
  • Table 172. Applications of natural fibers in the building/construction sector.
  • Table 173. Natural fibers in the sports and leisure sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
  • Table 174. Natural fibers in the textiles sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
  • Table 175. Natural fibers in the packaging sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
  • Table 176. Global fiber production (million MT) 2020-2036.
  • Table 177. Global Production Capacities by End-Use Market 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes total)
  • Table 178. Processes for bioplastics in packaging.
  • Table 179. Comparison of bioplastics’ (PLA and PHAs) properties to other common polymers used in product packaging.
  • Table 180. Typical applications for bioplastics in flexible packaging.
  • Table 181. Bio-based Polymers for Flexible Packaging — Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 182. Typical applications for bioplastics in rigid packaging.
  • Table 183. Bio-based Polymers for Rigid Packaging — Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 184. Global production for bio-based polymers in consumer goods 2019-2036, in 1,000 tonnes.
  • Table 185. Bio-based Polymers in Automotive and Transport 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 186. Bio-based Polymers in Building and Construction 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 187. Bio-based Polymers in Textiles and Fibres 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 188. Global production volumes for bio-based polymers in electronics 2019-2036, in 1,000 tonnes.
  • Table 189. Bio-based Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 190. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in North America.
  • Table 191. Bio-based Polymers in North America by Type 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 192. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Europe.
  • Table 193. Bio-based Polymers in Europe by Type 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 194. Production volumes for bio-based polymers in Asia-Pacific by type 2019-2036, in 1,000 tonnes
  • Table 195. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Latin America.
  • Table 196. All bio-based polymers by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 197. Polylactic acid (PLA) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 198. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 199. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 200. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 201. Starch-containing polymer compounds (SCPC) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 202. Cellulose acetate (CA) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • Table 203. Lactips plastic pellets.
  • Table 204. Oji Holdings CNF products.

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Coca-Cola PlantBottle®.
  • Figure 2. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics.
  • Figure 3. PHA family.
  • Figure 4. Types of natural fibers.
  • Figure 5. Absolut natural based fiber bottle cap.
  • Figure 6. Adidas algae-ink tees.
  • Figure 7. Carlsberg natural fiber beer bottle.
  • Figure 8. Miratex watch bands.
  • Figure 9. Adidas Made with Nature Ultraboost 22.
  • Figure 10. PUMA RE:SUEDE sneaker
  • Figure 11. Luffa cylindrica fiber.
  • Figure 12. Pineapple fiber.
  • Figure 13. A bag made with pineapple biomaterial.
  • Figure 14. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials.
  • Figure 15. Hemp fibers combined with PP in car door panel.
  • Figure 16. Car door produced from Hemp fiber.
  • Figure 17. Mercedes-Benz components containing natural fibers.
  • Figure 18. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.
  • Figure 19. Coir mats for erosion control.
  • Figure 20. Global fiber production, by fiber type, million MT and %.
  • Figure 21. PHA bioplastics products.
  • Figure 22. Biodegradable mulch films.
  • Figure 23. Pluumo.
  • Figure 24. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process.
  • Figure 25. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.
  • Figure 26. MEDICELLU™.
  • Figure 27. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet.
  • Figure 28. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.
  • Figure 29. CNF nonwoven fabric.
  • Figure 30. Roof frame made of natural fiber.
  • Figure 31. Beyond Leather Materials product.
  • Figure 32. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.
  • Figure 33. Reusable and recyclable foodservice cups, lids, and straws from Joinease Hong Kong Ltd., made with plant-based NuPlastiQ BioPolymer from BioLogiQ, Inc.
  • Figure 34. Fiber-based screw cap.
  • Figure 35: Celluforce production process.
  • Figure 36: NCCTM Process.
  • Figure 37: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:
  • Figure 38. formicobio™ technology.
  • Figure 39. nanoforest-S.
  • Figure 40. nanoforest-PDP.
  • Figure 41. nanoforest-MB.
  • Figure 42. sunliquid® production process.
  • Figure 43. CuanSave film.
  • Figure 44. Celish.
  • Figure 45. Trunk lid incorporating CNF.
  • Figure 46. ELLEX products.
  • Figure 47. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.
  • Figure 48. Kirekira! toilet wipes.
  • Figure 49. Color CNF.
  • Figure 50. Rheocrysta spray.
  • Figure 51. DKS CNF products.
  • Figure 52. Domsjo process.
  • Figure 53. Mushroom leather.
  • Figure 54. CNF based on citrus peel.
  • Figure 55. Citrus cellulose nanofiber.
  • Figure 56. Filler Bank CNC products.
  • Figure 57. Fibers on kapok tree and after processing.
  • Figure 58. TMP-Bio Process.
  • Figure 59. Water-repellent cellulose.
  • Figure 60. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).
  • Figure 61. PHA production process.
  • Figure 62. CNF products from Furukawa Electric.
  • Figure 63. AVAPTM process.
  • Figure 64. GreenPower+™ process.
  • Figure 65. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.
  • Figure 66. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).
  • Figure 67. CNF gel.
  • Figure 68. Block nanocellulose material.
  • Figure 69. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.
  • Figure 70. Marine leather products.
  • Figure 71. Inner Mettle Milk products.
  • Figure 72. Kami Shoji CNF products.
  • Figure 73. Dual Graft System.
  • Figure 74. Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.
  • Figure 75. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended).
  • Figure 76. Kel Labs yarn.
  • Figure 77. 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side).
  • Figure 78. Lignin gel.
  • Figure 79. BioFlex process.
  • Figure 80. Nike Algae Ink graphic tee.
  • Figure 81. LX Process.
  • Figure 82. Made of Air's HexChar panels.
  • Figure 83. TransLeather.
  • Figure 84. Chitin nanofiber product.
  • Figure 85. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.
  • Figure 86. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder.
  • Figure 87. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology.
  • Figure 88. IPA synthesis method.
  • Figure 89. MOGU-Wave panels.
  • Figure 90. CNF slurries.
  • Figure 91. Range of CNF products.
  • Figure 92. Reishi.
  • Figure 93. Compostable water pod.
  • Figure 94. Leather made from leaves.
  • Figure 95. Nike shoe with beLEAF™.
  • Figure 96. CNF clear sheets.
  • Figure 97. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.
  • Figure 98. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.
  • Figure 99. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.
  • Figure 100. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.
  • Figure 101. XCNF.
  • Figure 102: Plantrose process.
  • Figure 103. LOVR hemp leather.
  • Figure 104. CNF insulation flat plates.
  • Figure 105. Hansa lignin.
  • Figure 106. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.
  • Figure 107. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.
  • Figure 108. 3D printed cellulose shoe.
  • Figure 109. Lyocell process.
  • Figure 110. North Face Spiber Moon Parka.
  • Figure 111. PANGAIA LAB NXT GEN Hoodie.
  • Figure 112. Spider silk production.
  • Figure 113. Stora Enso lignin battery materials.
  • Figure 114. 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.
  • Figure 115. BiNFi-s Dry Powder.
  • Figure 116. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.
  • Figure 117. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material.
  • Figure 118. Sulapac cosmetics containers.
  • Figure 119. Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing.
  • Figure 120. Solid Novolac Type lignin modified phenolic resins.
  • Figure 121. Teijin bioplastic film for door handles.
  • Figure 122. Corbion FDCA production process.
  • Figure 123. Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.
  • Figure 124. CNF resin products.
  • Figure 125. UPM biorefinery process.
  • Figure 126. Vegea production process.
  • Figure 127. The Proesa® Process.
  • Figure 128. Goldilocks process and applications.
  • Figure 129. Visolis’ Hybrid Bio-Thermocatalytic Process.
  • Figure 130. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.
  • Figure 131. Worn Again products.
  • Figure 132. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process.