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市場調查報告書

商品編碼

1279885

2023-2030年全球氰化氫市場規模研究和預測，按結構類型和應用及區域分析

Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market Size study & Forecast, by Structure Type by Application, and Regional Analysis, 2023-2030

出版日期: 2023年05月20日 | 出版商:

Bizwit Research & Consulting LLP | 英文 | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

簡介目錄圖表

氰化氫主要用於工業加工，如合成纖維、塑膠和染料的生產。它還用於製造某些藥品、燻蒸劑和殺蟲劑。氰化氫市場日益擴大的因素，是在丙腈應用中的用量不斷增加，氰化氫在汽車工業中的使用不斷增加，以及黃金開採活動不斷增加。

生產氰化鈉和氰化鉀的巨大需求推動了氰化氫市場的發展。在合成羧酸和腈的過程中，經常利用氰化鉀和氰化鈉。然而，這些主要用於金和銀的開採，以及這些金屬的電鍍。由於對這些貴金屬的投資不斷增加，全球的黃金和白銀產量也在不斷上升。根據世界黃金協會的資料，2021年的金礦總產量為3,568.9噸，2022年增加到3,611.9噸。因此，不斷成長的黃金產品促進了市場的成長。此外，許多產業，包括汽車、紡織和電子產業，對尼龍的需求都有急劇增加。因此，預計隨著尼龍使用的增加，對己腈的需求將迅速增加。例如，2021年美國紡織業的產值達到165.9億美元，比2020年第四季度成長了7.2%。此外，對製造氰化鈉和氰化鉀的巨大需求以及政府對紡織業的計劃和投資不斷增加，為市場創造了有利的成長。然而，在2023-2030年的預測期內，氰化氫的高成本抑制了市場成長。

全球氰化氫市場研究的主要地區包括亞太、北美、歐洲、拉丁美洲、中東和非洲。亞太地區在2022年主導市場，因為該地區黃金開採活動的需求上升，汽車工業和紡織業的發展。而北美地區由於技術進步的提高和主要市場參與者的存在等因素，預計將有明顯的成長。

該研究的目的是確定近年來不同領域和國家的市場規模，並對未來幾年的價值進行預測。本報告旨在將該產業的定性和定量方面涵蓋研究範圍內的國家。

本報告還提供了關於關鍵方面的詳細資訊，如驅動因素和挑戰，這將確定市場的未來成長。此外，還涵蓋了微觀市場的潛在機會，供利益相關者投資，以及對競爭格局和主要參與者的結構類型的詳細分析。

氰化氫市場影響分析(2020-2030)
- 市場驅動力
  - 氰化氫在乙腈應用中的用量不斷增加
  - 氰化氫在汽車工業中的使用日益增加
  - 黃金開採活動不斷增加
- 市場挑戰
  - 氰化氫的高成本
  - 氰化氫的高毒性
- 市場機會
  - 巨大的氰化鈉和氰化鉀的製造需求
  - 政府在紡織業的計劃和投資不斷增加

第四章：全球氰化氫市場產業分析

波特的5力模型
- 供應商的議價能力
- 買方的議價能力
- 新進入者的威脅
- 替代品的威脅
- 競爭性的競爭
波特五力影響分析
PEST分析
- 政治
- 經濟
- 社會
- 技術
- 環境
- 法律問題
最佳投資機會
最佳策略
COVID-19影響分析
顛覆性趨勢
產業專家的觀點
分析師建議和結論

第五章：全球氰化氫市場，按結構類型分類

市場簡介
按結構類型分類的全球氰化氫市場，性能-潛力分析
2020-2030年全球氰化氫市場按結構類型的估計和預測
氰化氫市場，細項分析
- 氰化氫液體
- 氰化氫氣體

第六章：全球氰化氫市場，按應用分類

市場簡介
全球氰化氫市場，按應用，性能-潛力分析
2020-2030年全球氰化氫市場按應用估計和預測的情況
氰化氫市場，分項分析
- 氰化鈉和氰化鉀
- 乙腈
- 丙酮氰醇
- 其他應用

第7章：全球氰化氫市場，區域分析

最領先的國家
新興國家
氰化氫市場，區域市場簡介
北美洲
- 美國
  - 2020-2030年結構類型細分的估計和預測
  - 2020-2030年應用分類估計和預測
- 加拿大
歐洲氰化氫市場簡況
- 英國
- 德國
- 法國
- 西班牙
- 義大利
- 歐洲其他地區
亞太地區氰化氫市場簡況
- 中國
- 印度
- 日本
- 澳洲
- 韓國
- 亞太其他地區
拉丁美洲氰化氫市場簡況
- 巴西
- 墨西哥
中東和非洲
- 沙烏地阿拉伯
- 南非
- 中東和非洲其他地區

第八章：競爭情報

主要公司SWOT分析
- 公司1
- 公司2
- 公司3
頂級市場戰略
公司簡介
- Air Liquide
  - 關鍵資訊
  - 概況
  - 財務（取決於資料的可用性）
  - 產品摘要
  - 近期發展情況
- Ascend Performance Materials Private Limited
- Evonik Industries AG
- Hindusthan Chemicals Company
- Matheson Tri-Gas Inc.
- Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Triveni Chemicals & Industries Ltd
- INEOS Group Limited
- Taekwang Industrial Co., Ltd.
- Sterling Chemical and Alcohol Ltd

第九章：研究過程

研究過程
- 資料探勘
- 資料分析
- 市場評估
- 驗證
- 出版
研究屬性
研究假設

簡介目錄圖表

Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market is valued approximately USD XX billion in 2022 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX% over the forecast period 2023-2030. Hydrogen cyanide is primarily used in industrial processes, such as the production of synthetic fibers, plastics, and dyes. It is also used in the manufacturing of certain pharmaceuticals, fumigation agents, and pesticides. The Hydrogen Cyanide market is expanding because of factors such as growing usage in adiponitrile application, increasing the use of hydrogen cyanide in the automotive industry and rising gold extraction activities.

The market for hydrogen cyanide is being driven by the enormous demand to produce sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide. For the synthesis of carboxylic acids and nitriles, potassium and sodium cyanides are frequently utilized. However, these are primarily employed in the mining of gold and silver, as well as in the electroplating of these metals. Global production of gold and silver is continuously rising due to the rising investments in these precious metals. According to World Gold Council total gold mine production in year 2021 stood at 3,568.9 tones which increased to 3,611.9 tones in year 2022. Thus, rising gold products are fostering the market growth. Along with these, Numerous sectors, including the automotive, textile, and electronics industries, have seen a sharp increase in demand for nylon. As a result, it is anticipated that demand for adiponitrile would increase quickly along with the growing use of nylon. For instance, the output of the textile industry in the United States reached USD 16.59 billion in 2021, a rise of 7.2% from the fourth quarter of 2020. in addition, huge demand for manufacturing of sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide and increasing government initiatives and investments in the textile sector is creating lucrative growth to the market. However, the high cost of Hydrogen Cyanide stifles market growth throughout the forecast period of 2023-2030.

The key regions considered for the Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market study includes Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific dominated the market in 2022 owing to the rising demand from gold extraction activities, rising automotive industry, and textiles industry in the region. Whereas, North America is projected to have significant growth owing to factors such as rising technological advancement, and the presence of key market players.

Major market players included in this report are:

Air Liquide
Ascend Performance Materials Private Limited
Evonik Industries AG
Hindusthan Chemicals Company
Matheson Tri-Gas Inc.
Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
Triveni Chemicals & Industries Ltd
INEOS Group Limited
Taekwang Industrial Co., Ltd.
Sterling Chemical and Alcohol Ltd

Recent Developments in the Market:

In July 2022, A study was done to find a green way to make sodium cyanide using hydrogen cyanide that was vacuum extracted from cassava leaves. In this investigation, sodium cyanide was extracted from cassava leaves after 120 minutes of maceration at 30 degrees Celsius and 45 minutes of recovery in a vacuum at 35 to 40 degrees Celsius. According to the study, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which is derived from cassava leaves, was successfully used to produce sodium cyanide by saturating a sodium hydroxide-absorbing solution with it.

Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market Report Scope:

Historical Data: - 2020 - 2021
Base Year for Estimation: - 2022
Forecast period: - 2023-2030
Report Coverage: - Revenue forecast, Company Ranking, Competitive Landscape, Growth factors, and Trends
Segments Covered: - Structure Type, Application, Region
Regional Scope: - North America; Europe; Asia Pacific; Latin America; Middle East & Africa
Customization Scope: - Free report customization (equivalent up to 8 analyst's working hours) with purchase. Addition or alteration to country, regional & segment scope*

The objective of the study is to define market sizes of different segments & countries in recent years and to forecast the values to the coming years. The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the industry within countries involved in the study.

The report also caters detailed information about the crucial aspects such as driving factors & challenges which will define the future growth of the market. Additionally, it also incorporates potential opportunities in micro markets for stakeholders to invest along with the detailed analysis of competitive landscape and Structure Typeofferings of key players. The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below.

By Structure Type:

Hydrogen Cyanide Liquid
Hydrogen Cyanide Gas

By Application:

Sodium Cyanide and Potassium Cyanide
Adiponitrile
Acetone Cyanohydrin
Other Applications

By Region:

North America
U.S.
Canada
Europe
UK
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
ROE
Asia Pacific
China
India
Japan
Australia
South Korea
RoAPAC
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Rest of Middle East & Africa

Chapter 1. Executive Summary

1.1. Market Snapshot
1.2. Global & Segmental Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
- 1.2.1. Hydrogen Cyanide Market, by Region, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
- 1.2.2. Hydrogen Cyanide Market, by Structure Type, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
- 1.2.3. Hydrogen Cyanide Market, by Application, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
1.3. Key Trends
1.4. Estimation Methodology
1.5. Research Assumption

Chapter 2. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market Definition and Scope

2.1. Objective of the Study
2.2. Market Definition & Scope
- 2.2.1. Industry Evolution
- 2.2.2. Scope of the Study
2.3. Years Considered for the Study
2.4. Currency Conversion Rates

Chapter 3. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market Dynamics

3.1. Hydrogen Cyanide Market Impact Analysis (2020-2030)
- 3.1.1. Market Drivers
  - 3.1.1.1. Growing Usage in Adiponitrile Application
  - 3.1.1.2. Increasing the use of Hydrogen Cyanide in the automotive industry
  - 3.1.1.3. Rising gold extraction activities
- 3.1.2. Market Challenges
  - 3.1.2.1. High Cost of Hydrogen Cyanide
  - 3.1.2.2. Highly Toxic Nature of Hydrogen Cyanide
- 3.1.3. Market Opportunities
  - 3.1.3.1. Huge Demand for Manufacturing of Sodium Cyanide and Potassium Cyanide
  - 3.1.3.2. Increasing government initiatives and investments in the textile sector

Chapter 4. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market Industry Analysis

4.1. Porter's 5 Force Model
- 4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
- 4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
- 4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
4.2. Porter's 5 Force Impact Analysis
4.3. PEST Analysis
- 4.3.1. Political
- 4.3.2. Economical
- 4.3.3. Social
- 4.3.4. Technological
- 4.3.5. Environmental
- 4.3.6. Legal
4.4. Top investment opportunity
4.5. Top winning strategies
4.6. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
4.7. Disruptive Trends
4.8. Industry Expert Perspective
4.9. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion

Chapter 5. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market, by Structure Type

5.1. Market Snapshot
5.2. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by Structure Type, Performance - Potential Analysis
5.3. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market Estimates & Forecasts by Structure Type 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
5.4. Hydrogen Cyanide Market, Sub Segment Analysis
- 5.4.1. Hydrogen Cyanide Liquid
- 5.4.2. Hydrogen Cyanide Gas

Chapter 6. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market, by Application

6.1. Market Snapshot
6.2. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by Application, Performance - Potential Analysis
6.3. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market Estimates & Forecasts by Application 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
6.4. Hydrogen Cyanide Market, Sub Segment Analysis
- 6.4.1. Sodium Cyanide and Potassium Cyanide
- 6.4.2. Adiponitrile
- 6.4.3. Acetone Cyanohydrin
- 6.4.4. Other Applications

Chapter 7. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market, Regional Analysis

7.1. Top Leading Countries
7.2. Top Emerging Countries
7.3. Hydrogen Cyanide Market, Regional Market Snapshot
7.4. North America Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.4.1. U.S. Hydrogen Cyanide Market
  - 7.4.1.1. Structure Type breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030
  - 7.4.1.2. Application breakdown estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030
- 7.4.2. Canada Hydrogen Cyanide Market
7.5. Europe Hydrogen Cyanide Market Snapshot
- 7.5.1. U.K. Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.5.2. Germany Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.5.3. France Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.5.4. Spain Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.5.5. Italy Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.5.6. Rest of Europe Hydrogen Cyanide Market
7.6. Asia-Pacific Hydrogen Cyanide Market Snapshot
- 7.6.1. China Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.6.2. India Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.6.3. Japan Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.6.4. Australia Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.6.5. South Korea Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.6.6. Rest of Asia Pacific Hydrogen Cyanide Market
7.7. Latin America Hydrogen Cyanide Market Snapshot
- 7.7.1. Brazil Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.7.2. Mexico Hydrogen Cyanide Market
7.8. Middle East & Africa Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.8.1. Saudi Arabia Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.8.2. South Africa Hydrogen Cyanide Market
- 7.8.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Hydrogen Cyanide Market

Chapter 8. Competitive Intelligence

8.1. Key Company SWOT Analysis
- 8.1.1. Company 1
- 8.1.2. Company 2
- 8.1.3. Company 3
8.2. Top Market Strategies
8.3. Company Profiles
- 8.3.1. Air Liquide
  - 8.3.1.1. Key Information
  - 8.3.1.2. Overview
  - 8.3.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
  - 8.3.1.4. Product Summary
  - 8.3.1.5. Recent Developments
- 8.3.2. Ascend Performance Materials Private Limited
- 8.3.3. Evonik Industries AG
- 8.3.4. Hindusthan Chemicals Company
- 8.3.5. Matheson Tri-Gas Inc.
- 8.3.6. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- 8.3.7. Triveni Chemicals & Industries Ltd
- 8.3.8. INEOS Group Limited
- 8.3.9. Taekwang Industrial Co., Ltd.
- 8.3.10. Sterling Chemical and Alcohol Ltd

Chapter 9. Research Process

9.1. Research Process
- 9.1.1. Data Mining
- 9.1.2. Analysis
- 9.1.3. Market Estimation
- 9.1.4. Validation
- 9.1.5. Publishing
9.2. Research Attributes
9.3. Research Assumption

簡介目錄圖表

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market, report scope
TABLE 2. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by Region 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 3. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by Structure Type 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 4. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by Application 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 5. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 6. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 7. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 8. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 9. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 10. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 11. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 12. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 13. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by segment, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 14. Global Hydrogen Cyanide Market by region, estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 15. U.S. Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 16. U.S. Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 17. U.S. Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 18. Canada Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 19. Canada Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 20. Canada Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 21. UK Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 22. UK Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 23. UK Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 24. Germany Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 25. Germany Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 26. Germany Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 27. France Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 28. France Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 29. France Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 30. Italy Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 31. Italy Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 32. Italy Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 33. Spain Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 34. Spain Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 35. Spain Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 36. RoE Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 37. RoE Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 38. RoE Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 39. China Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 40. China Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 41. China Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 42. India Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 43. India Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 44. India Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 45. Japan Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 46. Japan Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 47. Japan Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 48. South Korea Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 49. South Korea Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 50. South Korea Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 51. Australia Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 52. Australia Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 53. Australia Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 54. RoAPAC Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 55. RoAPAC Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 56. RoAPAC Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 57. Brazil Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 58. Brazil Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 59. Brazil Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 60. Mexico Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 61. Mexico Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 62. Mexico Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 63. RoLA Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 64. RoLA Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 65. RoLA Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 66. Saudi Arabia Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts, 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 67. South Africa Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 68. RoMEA Hydrogen Cyanide Market estimates & forecasts by segment 2020-2030 (USD Billion)
TABLE 69. List of secondary sources, used in the study of global Hydrogen Cyanide Market
TABLE 70. List of primary sources, used in the study of global Hydrogen Cyanide Market
TABLE 71. Years considered for the study
TABLE 72. Exchange rates considered