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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
2048224

異丁烷市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會、預測:銷售管道、最終用途、地區和競爭格局,2021-2031年

Isobutane Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Sales Channel, By End Use, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F

出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 185 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

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簡介目錄

全球異丁烷市場預計將經歷顯著成長,從 2025 年的 147.7 億美元成長到 2031 年的 220.3 億美元,複合年成長率為 6.89%。

異丁烷是一種無色烴,是石化產業甲醇烷基化裝置中不可或缺的原料,同時也是一種環保製冷劑。推動市場擴張的主要因素包括:為滿足日益嚴格的排放氣體法規,工業界對高辛烷值汽油組分的需求不斷成長;以及全球範圍內對永續製冷解決方案的轉向,以替代氫氟碳化合物(HFCs)。這些根本促進因素並非曇花一現的市場趨勢,而是正在鞏固汽車和暖通空調(HVAC)行業的長期成長,並受到監管合規和能源效率要求的支撐。

市場概覽
預測期 2027-2031
市場規模:2025年 147.7億美元
市場規模:2031年 220.3億美元
複合年成長率:2026-2031年 6.89%
成長最快的細分市場 直接的
最大的市場 亞太地區

然而,該市場面臨許多挑戰,這些挑戰直接影響生產成本和利潤率,尤其是原油和天然氣價格固有的波動性。根據世界液化氣體協會預測,到2024年,全球液化石油氣(LPG,包括異丁烷供應)需求量將超過3.66億噸。這一數字不僅顯示了原料市場的龐大規模,也凸顯了該市場對穩定碳氫化合物供應鏈的高度依賴。因此,這些供應鏈的不穩定性將對市場的永續成長構成重大挑戰。

市場促進因素

異丁烷市場的主要驅動力是汽油調合物中對高辛烷值烷基化物的需求不斷成長。這是因為煉油商越來越依賴該產品來生產更乾淨的燃燒燃料。異丁烷是甲醇烷基化製程的關鍵原料,它與烯烴反應生成烷基化物。這些烷基化物對於在不影響引擎性能的前提下滿足環保標準至關重要。這項應用深受更廣泛的能源消費模式的影響。國際能源總署(IEA)發布的《2025年全球能源展望》預測,2024年全球石油需求將成長0.8%,這意味著對精煉石油產品的需求將持續成長。為了滿足這項原料需求,基礎設施已大幅擴建。企業產品合作夥伴公司(Enterprise Products Partners)報告稱,2024年液態天然氣(NGL)分餾量將達到創紀錄的每日160萬桶,凸顯了維持石化用戶供應穩定所需的巨大加工規模。

同時,隨著低全球暖化潛勢(GWP)異丁烷冷媒的普及加速,市場正經歷轉型。旨在逐步淘汰氫氟碳化合物(HFCs)的全球嚴格法規,迫使製造商轉向使用天然來源的替代冷媒,例如R600a,這類冷媒具有更優異的動態性能和較小的環境影響。這種轉變在監理合規期限緊迫的主要製造地尤為明顯。例如,根據中國用電器協會2025年5月發布的《中國落實蒙特婁議定書國家計劃》中的最新信息,中國生產的冷藏庫和冷凍庫中,超過95%已經改用環保製冷劑R600a。在全球最大的家用電器市場中,如此近乎全面的普及率清晰地表明,監管要求正在鞏固異丁烷作為下一代冷凍技術標準解決方案的地位。

市場挑戰

限制全球異丁烷市場成長的主要挑戰在於原料(尤其是原油和天然氣)價格固有的波動性,以及供應鏈的不穩定性。由於異丁烷是天然氣加工和石油煉製過程中的副產品,其成本結構和供應狀況與更廣泛的碳氫化合物市場密切相關。上游原料成本的劇烈波動迫使生產商頻繁調整價格,為石化和冷媒產業的終端用戶帶來巨大的財務不確定性。這種不確定性擠壓了利潤空間,並阻礙了長期供應合約的建立,而長期供應合約對於市場的穩定擴張至關重要。

供應鏈不穩定加劇了這個問題,導致產量出現意外波動,擾亂市場平衡。根據國際能源總署(IEA)預測,到2025年,全球煉油廠原油加工量預計僅增加71萬桶/日,平均達到8,360萬桶/日。煉油活動(異丁烷生產的基本來源)成長有限,限制了異丁烷的穩定供應。因此,生產商難以籌集資金擴大生產規模,以滿足激增的需求,這直接阻礙了市場的整體成長潛力。

市場趨勢

利用可再生資源生產生物基異丁烷的商業化進程正在加速,透過提供一種碳中和的替代傳統萃取方法的方案,從根本上改變了供應動態。生產商正擴大利用先進的加氫和發酵技術,從農業殘渣和廢油中提取高純度異丁烷,從而有效地將原料供應與原油價格波動脫鉤。這種結構性轉變對於尋求在不改變現有基礎設施的情況下減少價值鏈中範圍3排放的下游石化生產商至關重要。根據Argus Media發布的《2025年9月全球液化石油氣統計回顧》,包括生物基異丁烷在內的全球可再生液化石油氣產能將在2024年達到每年48萬噸,凸顯了該領域對永續烴類合成的快速投資。

同時,異丁烷在雙回圈地熱發電廠的應用日益廣泛,催生了與傳統燃料應用截然不同的、具有特殊高附加價值需求的異丁烷產品。在這些系統中,由於異丁烷沸點低,它是一種理想的有機工質,能夠有效地從傳統蒸氣渦輪無法處理的中等焓值地熱儲存中回收熱量。隨著各國優先發展需要穩定化學品供應的基本負載可再生能源項目,異丁烷的應用正在迅速擴展。根據Ormat Technologies公司於2025年2月發布的“2024年第四季度及全年業績報告”,該公司報告稱,其產品部門的累積訂單達到約3.4億美元的歷史新高,這表明新建雙循環地熱發電廠的建設勢頭強勁,也意味著需要維持穩定的工質庫存水平。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章:調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章:客戶心聲

第5章:全球異丁烷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
    • 按金額
  • 市佔率及預測
    • 銷售管道(直接、間接)
    • 依應用領域(化學氧化、氣溶膠加速劑、冷媒、C4甲醇烷基化等)
    • 按地區
    • 按公司(2025 年)
  • 市場地圖

第6章:北美異丁烷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 北美洲:國別分析
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第7章:歐洲異丁烷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 歐洲:國別分析
    • 德國
    • 法國
    • 英國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙

第8章:亞太地區異丁烷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 亞太地區:國別分析
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 澳洲

第9章:中東和非洲異丁烷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 中東與非洲:國別分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 南非

第10章:南美洲異丁烷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 南美洲:國別分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥倫比亞
    • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

  • 促進因素
  • 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

  • 併購
  • 產品發布
  • 近期趨勢

第13章:全球異丁烷市場:SWOT分析

第14章:波特五力分析

  • 產業競爭
  • 新進入者的潛力
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 顧客權力
  • 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

  • YEOCHUN NCC CO., LTD.
  • Butadien LLP
  • Sinopec Jinling Petrochemical Co., Ltd
  • Heze Sirloong Chemical Co., Ltd
  • Dongying Qirun Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Vertex Refining Alabama LLC
  • Chevron USA Inc
  • Phillips 66 Company
  • Marathon Petroleum Co LP
  • Valero Refining Co

第16章 策略建議

第17章:關於研究公司及免責聲明

簡介目錄
Product Code: 28541

The global isobutane market is poised for substantial growth, with projections indicating an increase from USD 14.77 billion in 2025 to USD 22.03 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 6.89%. As a colorless hydrocarbon, isobutane is crucial for the petrochemical industry's alkylation units and functions as an eco-friendly refrigerant. This market expansion is primarily fueled by the escalating industrial need for high-octane gasoline components to adhere to strict emission standards, coupled with the worldwide shift towards sustainable cooling solutions replacing hydrofluorocarbons. These foundational drivers, distinct from transient market trends, anchor growth in enduring regulatory compliance and energy efficiency imperatives across the automotive and HVAC sectors.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 14.77 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 22.03 Billion
CAGR 2026-20316.89%
Fastest Growing SegmentDirect
Largest MarketAsia Pacific

Nevertheless, the market encounters considerable obstacles, particularly the inherent volatility of crude oil and natural gas prices, which directly affects production expenses and profit margins. In 2024, global demand for liquefied petroleum gas, which includes the isobutane supply stream, surpassed 366 million tonnes, according to the World Liquid Gas Association. This figure underscores the immense scale of the raw material environment but also highlights the market's dependence on stable hydrocarbon supply chains. Consequently, instability within these supply chains poses a significant challenge to the market's sustained growth.

Market Driver

A primary catalyst for the isobutane market is the escalating demand for high-octane alkylate in gasoline blending, as refiners increasingly depend on it to produce cleaner-burning fuels. Isobutane acts as a critical feedstock in the alkylation process, reacting with olefins to generate alkylate, which is indispensable for meeting environmental specifications without compromising engine performance. This application is heavily influenced by broader energy consumption patterns, with global oil demand growing by 0.8% in 2024, as indicated by the International Energy Agency's 'Global Energy Review 2025', signifying a sustained need for refined petroleum products. To support these feedstock requirements, infrastructure has expanded considerably; Enterprise Products Partners reported record natural gas liquid fractionation volumes of 1.6 million barrels per day in 2024, highlighting the massive processing scale required to maintain supply stability for petrochemical users.

Simultaneously, the market is undergoing transformation due to the accelerated adoption of low-GWP isobutane refrigerants. Stringent global regulations aimed at phasing out hydrofluorocarbons are compelling manufacturers to transition towards natural alternatives like R600a, which boasts superior thermodynamic properties and a negligible environmental impact. This shift is most evident in major manufacturing hubs where compliance timelines are aggressive. For instance, according to the China Household Electrical Appliances Association's May 2025 update on the 'China Issues National Plan for Implementing the Montreal Protocol', over 95% of refrigerators and freezers produced in China have already transitioned to the environmentally friendly refrigerant R600a. This near-universal adoption rate in the world's largest appliance market effectively illustrates how regulatory mandates are cementing isobutane's role as the standard solution for next-generation cooling technologies.

Market Challenge

The primary challenge hindering the growth of the Global Isobutane Market is the inherent volatility of feedstock prices, specifically crude oil and natural gas, compounded by supply chain instability. Since isobutane is produced as a byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, its cost structure and availability are inextricably linked to the broader hydrocarbon market. Erratic shifts in upstream raw material costs compel manufacturers to frequently adjust pricing, which generates significant financial uncertainty for end-users in the petrochemical and refrigerant sectors. This unpredictability erodes profit margins and discourages the long-term supply contracts that are essential for steady market expansion.

Supply chain instability further exacerbates this issue by creating unexpected fluctuations in output that disrupt market equilibrium. According to the International Energy Agency, global refinery crude throughputs in 2025 were projected to increase by a modest 710,000 barrels per day, reaching an average of 83.6 million barrels per day. This restricted growth in refinery activity, which serves as the fundamental source for isobutane production, limits the consistent availability of the gas. Consequently, producers face squeezed capital for expansion and difficulty in meeting demand surges, thereby directly impeding the market's overall growth potential.

Market Trends

The accelerated commercialization of bio-based isobutane from renewable feedstocks is fundamentally altering supply dynamics by offering a carbon-neutral alternative to conventional extraction methods. Producers are increasingly utilizing advanced hydrotreatment and fermentation technologies to derive high-purity isobutane from agricultural residues and waste oils, effectively decoupling feedstock availability from crude oil volatility. This structural shift is critical for downstream petrochemical manufacturers aiming to reduce Scope 3 emissions in value chains without altering existing infrastructure. According to Argus Media's 'Statistical Review of Global LPG' in September 2025, global renewable LPG production capacity, which encompasses the bio-isobutane supply stream, rose to 480,000 tonnes per year in 2024, underscoring the sector's rapid investment in sustainable hydrocarbon synthesis.

Simultaneously, the increasing deployment of isobutane in binary cycle geothermal power plants is creating a specialized, high-value demand vector distinct from fuel applications. In these systems, isobutane serves as the ideal organic working fluid due to its low boiling point, enabling the efficient capture of heat from medium-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs that cannot support traditional steam turbines. This application is scaling rapidly as nations prioritize baseload renewable energy projects that require consistent chemical inputs. According to Ormat Technologies' 'Fourth Quarter and Year-End 2024 Financial Results' in February 2025, the company reported a record product segment backlog of approximately $340 million, signaling a robust pipeline of new binary geothermal facility construction that will necessitate sustained working fluid inventories.

Key Market Players

  • YEOCHUN NCC CO., LTD.
  • Butadien LLP
  • Sinopec Jinling Petrochemical Co., Ltd
  • Heze Sirloong Chemical Co., Ltd
  • Dongying Qirun Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Vertex Refining Alabama LLC
  • Chevron USA Inc
  • Phillips 66 Company
  • Marathon Petroleum Co LP
  • Valero Refining Co

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Isobutane Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Isobutane Market, By Sales Channel

  • Direct
  • Indirect

Isobutane Market, By End Use

  • Chemical Oxidation
  • Aerosol Accelerator
  • Refrigerant
  • C4 Alkylation
  • Others

Isobutane Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Isobutane Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Isobutane Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Isobutane Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Sales Channel (Direct, Indirect)
    • 5.2.2. By End Use (Chemical Oxidation, Aerosol Accelerator, Refrigerant, C4 Alkylation, Others)
    • 5.2.3. By Region
    • 5.2.4. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Isobutane Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Sales Channel
    • 6.2.2. By End Use
    • 6.2.3. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By End Use
    • 6.3.2. Canada Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By End Use
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By End Use

7. Europe Isobutane Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Sales Channel
    • 7.2.2. By End Use
    • 7.2.3. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By End Use
    • 7.3.2. France Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By End Use
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By End Use
    • 7.3.4. Italy Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By End Use
    • 7.3.5. Spain Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By End Use

8. Asia Pacific Isobutane Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Sales Channel
    • 8.2.2. By End Use
    • 8.2.3. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By End Use
    • 8.3.2. India Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By End Use
    • 8.3.3. Japan Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By End Use
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By End Use
    • 8.3.5. Australia Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By End Use

9. Middle East & Africa Isobutane Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Sales Channel
    • 9.2.2. By End Use
    • 9.2.3. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By End Use
    • 9.3.2. UAE Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By End Use
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By End Use

10. South America Isobutane Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Sales Channel
    • 10.2.2. By End Use
    • 10.2.3. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By End Use
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By End Use
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Isobutane Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Sales Channel
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By End Use

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Isobutane Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. YEOCHUN NCC CO., LTD.
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Butadien LLP
  • 15.3. Sinopec Jinling Petrochemical Co., Ltd
  • 15.4. Heze Sirloong Chemical Co., Ltd
  • 15.5. Dongying Qirun Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • 15.6. Vertex Refining Alabama LLC
  • 15.7. Chevron USA Inc
  • 15.8. Phillips 66 Company
  • 15.9. Marathon Petroleum Co LP
  • 15.10. Valero Refining Co

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer