沙門氏菌檢測市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會及預測（按檢測方法、樣品類型、最終用戶、地區和競爭格局分類，2021-2031年）

全球沙門氏菌檢測市場預計將從 2025 年的 33.1 億美元成長到 2031 年的 47.2 億美元，複合年成長率為 6.09%。

該市場涵蓋用於檢測食品、飲料、水源和臨床檢體中沙門氏菌的診斷技術、耗材和檢測方法。推動這一成長的關鍵因素包括日益嚴格的國際食品安​​全法規、全球食源性疾病爆發頻率的增加以及消費者對透明食品衛生規範日益成長的需求。因此，在整個供應鏈中進行嚴格的病原體篩檢已成為強制性要求，可靠且快速的檢測解決方案對於避免污染和保護公眾健康至關重要。

儘管前景廣闊，但先進分子診斷平台的高昂營運成本構成了市場准入的一大障礙，限制了其在成本敏感發展中地區的普及。 2024年美國國家雞肉委員會的數據顯示，在加工廠檢測的雞肉中，97%的雞肉和93%的雞肉部位沙門氏菌檢測結果為陰性，這表明維持如此高的安全水平需要大量的檢測工作。雖然這些結果凸顯了該行業對持續檢驗的依賴，但如此全面的檢測項目所帶來的經濟負擔仍然是小規模市場參與企業的一大障礙。

市場促進因素

各國政府嚴格的食品安全法規的實施是推動全球沙門氏菌檢測市場擴張的主要動力。世界各地的監管機構正在降低沙門氏菌的檢出閾值，並對某些血清型實施「零容忍」政策，迫使生產商採用高靈敏度的分子篩檢通訊協定。這種監管環境促使食品加工商從傳統的培養方法轉向先進的自動化系統，以確保合規並避免代價高昂的停產。例如，2024年4月，美國農業部食品安全檢驗局（FSIS）最終確定了一項政策，規定即使每克生雞肉製品中僅含有一個菌落形成單位（CFU）的沙門氏菌，也將被視為「摻假」。這項法規直接催生了能夠以極高的準確度檢測微量污染的診斷檢測套組的出現。

同時，沙門氏菌疫情和食源性疾病的不斷增加，持續推動整個供應鏈對快速病原體檢測的需求。國際食品貿易的擴張增加了交叉污染的可能性，導致頻繁的大規模召回，需要在關鍵控制點進行嚴格的檢測。美國疾病管制與預防中心 (CDC) 於 2024 年 11 月發布的一份關於黃瓜相關沙門氏菌疫情的最新報告顯示，在多州聯合調查中確認了 68 例病例，凸顯了新鮮農產品面臨的持續威脅。為了應對這些財務和聲譽風險，各公司正在加強其檢驗程序。根據 Sedgwick 於 2024 年 5 月發布的《2024 年召回指數報告》，2024 年第一季美國食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 的食品召回數量環比成長 27.6%，凸顯了建立健全的病原體檢測基礎設施的迫切需求。

市場挑戰

先進分子診斷平台高昂的營運成本是全球沙門氏菌檢測市場擴張的主要障礙。這些先進的偵測系統需要大量的資金投入，包括設備、專用耗材以及員工技術培訓。對於在價格敏感型市場中營運的中小型食品生產商和加工商而言，這些費用往往超出其負擔能力。這種經濟壓力限制了自動化檢測技術的廣泛應用，迫使許多營業單位依賴勞動密集且效率低下的傳統方法，從而阻礙了發展中地區市場的均衡成長，因為這些地區的利潤率不足以支撐此類基礎設施的運作。

這種成本障礙直接影響產業有效管理病原體風險的能力，因為依賴廉價但緩慢的診斷方法會延遲對受污染產品的識別。 2024年，美國疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）監測並調查了10起與各種食品相關的跨州沙門氏菌集體爆發，顯示病原體控制仍然不穩定。小規模的市場參與者無法負擔實施和營運快速、高精度檢測系統的費用，這在全球供應鏈中造成了脆弱性，最終阻礙了先進診斷解決方案的潛在市場擴張。

市場趨勢

全基因測序(WGS) 的廣泛應用正在改變全球沙門氏菌檢測市場，它以高解析度基因組分析取代了傳統的表現型分型技術。實驗室擴大利用 WGS 在單次檢測中識別血清型、毒力因子和抗菌素抗藥性譜，從而顯著提高了污染事件發生時溯源的準確性。這項技術革新得益於分散式網路的支持，該網路能夠實現即時跨境資料共用，從而更有效地識別污染源。例如，根據美國食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 2025 年 12 月發布的“GenomeTrakr 快速概覽”，該網路目前每月常規定序超過 20,000 個分離株，這表明正在大規模推進將先進的基因組技術整合到標準食品安全監測體系中。

同時，能夠一次檢測同時識別多種沙門氏菌菌株和合併感染疾病的多病原體檢測組合的需求日益成長。這一趨勢正在加速從人工培養技術向自動化分子平台的過渡，簡化症候群檢測流程並加快檢測速度。食品加工商和臨床實驗室越來越傾向於使用這些綜合檢測組合，以提高診斷準確性和營運效率。生物梅里埃公司於2025年3月發布的2024會計年度財務業績報告也反映了這一轉變，報告顯示其包含消化器官系統檢測組合的銷售額成長了17%。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶評價

第5章 全球沙門氏菌檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
  • 按金額
• 市佔率及預測
  • 依檢測方法（培養法、分子生物學方法、免疫檢測）
  • 依樣品類型（食品、水、環境表面）
  • 按最終用戶（食品生產商/製造商、合約檢測實驗室、政府/監管機構、其他）分類
  • 按地區
  • 按公司（2025 年）
• 市場地圖

6. 北美沙門氏菌檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 北美洲：國家分析
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

7. 歐洲沙門氏菌檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 歐洲：國家分析
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 英國
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙

8. 亞太地區沙門氏菌檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 亞太地區：國家分析
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韓國
  • 澳洲

9. 中東和非洲沙門氏菌檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 中東和非洲：國家分析
  • 沙烏地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
  • 南非

10. 南美沙門氏菌檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 南美洲：國家分析
  • 巴西
  • 哥倫比亞
  • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

• 促進要素
• 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

• 併購
• 產品發布
• 最新進展

第13章 全球沙門氏菌檢測市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

• 產業競爭
• 新進入者的可能性
• 供應商電力
• 顧客權力
• 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

• Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
• BioMerieux SA
• Merck KGaA
• QIAGEN NV
• Eurofins Scientific
• Hardy Diagnostics
• PerkinElmer AES
• Mylab Discovery Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
• Abbott Laboratories Inc.
• Biomerica, Inc.

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

The Global Salmonella Testing Market is projected to expand from USD 3.31 Billion in 2025 to USD 4.72 Billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 6.09%. This market encompasses diagnostic technologies, consumables, and procedural methods designed to identify Salmonella bacteria across food items, beverages, water sources, and clinical samples. Key factors driving this growth include increasingly strict international food safety laws, a growing global frequency of foodborne illness outbreaks, and escalating consumer insistence on transparent food hygiene practices. Consequently, rigorous pathogen screening is mandated throughout the supply chain, creating a critical need for dependable and fast detection solutions to avert contamination and safeguard public health.

Despite these growth prospects, the market encounters significant obstacles due to the substantial operational costs tied to advanced molecular diagnostic platforms, which limit adoption in cost-sensitive developing areas. Data from the National Chicken Council in 2024 revealed that 97 percent of whole birds and 93 percent of chicken parts tested negative for Salmonella at processing facilities, demonstrating the immense volume of testing required to uphold these safety levels. While these results highlight the industry's dependence on continuous verification, the financial strain associated with such comprehensive testing programs continues to act as a formidable barrier for smaller market participants.

Market Driver

The enforcement of rigorous government food safety regulations serves as a major driver for the expansion of the Global Salmonella Testing Market. Regulatory authorities across the globe are setting lower tolerance thresholds and implementing "zero-tolerance" mandates for specific serotypes, which compels manufacturers to implement highly sensitive molecular screening protocols. This legislative environment forces food processors to transition from traditional culture methods to sophisticated automated systems to guarantee compliance and prevent expensive operational shutdowns. For instance, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service finalized a policy in April 2024 declaring that raw breaded stuffed chicken products containing as little as 1 colony forming unit per gram of Salmonella are considered adulterated, a mandate that directly necessitates the acquisition of diagnostic assays capable of detecting low-level contamination with extreme accuracy.

Simultaneously, the rising incidence of Salmonella outbreaks and foodborne diseases sustains the demand for rapid pathogen testing throughout the supply chain. As global food trade widens, the potential for cross-contamination increases, resulting in frequent large-scale recalls that require strict testing at critical control points. According to a November 2024 update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding a Salmonella outbreak linked to cucumbers, a multistate investigation identified 68 infected individuals, emphasizing the ongoing threat in fresh produce. To counter these financial and reputational dangers, companies are strengthening their verification programs; the Sedgwick "2024 Recall Index report" from May 2024 noted that FDA food recalls rose by 27.6 percent in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the prior quarter, highlighting the essential need for strong pathogen detection infrastructure.

Market Challenge

The substantial operational expenditure associated with advanced molecular diagnostic platforms represents a major obstacle to the expansion of the Global Salmonella Testing Market. These sophisticated testing systems require significant capital investment for equipment, specialized consumables, and the technical training of staff. For smaller food manufacturers and processors operating within price-sensitive markets, these expenses often surpass their financial capabilities. This economic pressure limits the broad adoption of automated detection technologies, forcing many entities to rely on labor-intensive and slower legacy methods, which in turn hampers uniform market growth in developing regions where profit margins cannot sustain such infrastructure.

This cost-related barrier directly impacts the industry's capacity to effectively manage pathogen risks, as reliance on cheaper, slower diagnostic methods can retard the identification of contaminated products. In 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention monitored and investigated 10 separate multistate Salmonella outbreaks associated with various food items, illustrating the continuing volatility of pathogen control. The inability of smaller market players to afford and implement rapid, high-precision testing systems generates vulnerabilities within the global supply chain, ultimately stifling the broader market potential for advanced diagnostic solutions.

Market Trends

The extensive adoption of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is transforming the Global Salmonella Testing Market by supplanting traditional phenotypic subtyping techniques with high-resolution genomic analysis. Laboratories are increasingly employing WGS to identify serotypes, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles within a single assay, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of source tracking during contamination incidents. This technological evolution is bolstered by distributed networks that facilitate real-time cross-border data sharing to more effectively identify outbreak origins; for example, the FDA's "GenomeTrakr Fast Facts" from December 2025 indicates that the network is now routinely sequencing over 20,000 isolates monthly, showcasing the massive scale of integrating advanced genomic technology into standard food safety surveillance.

In parallel, there is a growing demand for multiplex pathogen detection panels, which allow for the simultaneous identification of multiple Salmonella strains and co-infections in a single test run. This trend is accelerating the shift from manual culture techniques to automated molecular platforms that provide streamlined workflows and faster turnaround times for syndromic testing. Food processors and clinical laboratories are increasingly preferring these comprehensive panels to enhance diagnostic precision and operational efficiency, a shift reflected in bioMerieux's March 2025 "2024 Financial Results," which reported a 17 percent increase in sales of BIOFIRE non-respiratory panels, including gastrointestinal testing solutions.

Key Market Players

• Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
• BioMerieux SA
• Merck KGaA
• QIAGEN N.V.
• Eurofins Scientific
• Hardy Diagnostics
• PerkinElmer AES
• Mylab Discovery Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
• Abbott Laboratories Inc.
• Biomerica, Inc.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Salmonella Testing Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Salmonella Testing Market, By Testing Method

• Culture-based Methods
• Molecular-based Methods
• Immunoassays

Salmonella Testing Market, By Sample Type

• Food
• Water
• Environmental Surfaces

Salmonella Testing Market, By End User

• Food Producers and Manufacturers
• Contract Testing Laboratories
• Government and Regulatory Bodies
• Others

Salmonella Testing Market, By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Spain
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • South Korea
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Salmonella Testing Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Salmonella Testing Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Salmonella Testing Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Testing Method (Culture-based Methods, Molecular-based Methods, Immunoassays)
  • 5.2.2. By Sample Type (Food, Water, Environmental Surfaces)
  • 5.2.3. By End User (Food Producers and Manufacturers, Contract Testing Laboratories, Government and Regulatory Bodies, Others)
  • 5.2.4. By Region
  • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Salmonella Testing Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Testing Method
  • 6.2.2. By Sample Type
  • 6.2.3. By End User
  • 6.2.4. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 6.3.2. Canada Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By End User

7. Europe Salmonella Testing Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Testing Method
  • 7.2.2. By Sample Type
  • 7.2.3. By End User
  • 7.2.4. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.2. France Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.4. Italy Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By End User
  • 7.3.5. Spain Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By End User

8. Asia Pacific Salmonella Testing Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Testing Method
  • 8.2.2. By Sample Type
  • 8.2.3. By End User
  • 8.2.4. By Country
• 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.2. India Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.3. Japan Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By End User
  • 8.3.5. Australia Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By End User

9. Middle East & Africa Salmonella Testing Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Testing Method
  • 9.2.2. By Sample Type
  • 9.2.3. By End User
  • 9.2.4. By Country
• 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 9.3.2. UAE Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 9.3.3. South Africa Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By End User

10. South America Salmonella Testing Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Testing Method
  • 10.2.2. By Sample Type
  • 10.2.3. By End User
  • 10.2.4. By Country
• 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. Brazil Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By End User
  • 10.3.2. Colombia Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By End User
  • 10.3.3. Argentina Salmonella Testing Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Testing Method
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Sample Type
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By End User

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
• 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
• 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Salmonella Testing Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

• 15.1. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
  • 15.1.1. Business Overview
  • 15.1.2. Products & Services
  • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
  • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
  • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
• 15.2. BioMerieux SA
• 15.3. Merck KGaA
• 15.4. QIAGEN N.V.
• 15.5. Eurofins Scientific
• 15.6. Hardy Diagnostics
• 15.7. PerkinElmer AES
• 15.8. Mylab Discovery Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
• 15.9. Abbott Laboratories Inc.
• 15.10. Biomerica, Inc.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer