谷歌資料中心互連架構：800G+光學模組的興起及2026年供應鏈展望

1. 谷歌正在將其專有的TPU、Ironwood機架、3D Torus拓撲結構和Apollo OCS光纖骨幹網路整合到一個統一的高速互連架構中。因此，叢集規劃的重點正從單一伺服器轉向以機架和超級伺服器艙為中心的模組化設計。

2. 在這種架構下，資料中心部署中超過 800G 的高速光學模組的比例預計將從 2024 年的約 20% 增加到 2026 年的 60% 以上。這些模組不再是可選的升級，而是正在成為下一代叢集的標準配置，推動每年的需求量達到數百萬個單元。

3. 在光互連供應鏈中，超過800G的光學模組和OCS系統正成為深度整合到Google基礎設施中的關鍵組件。預計2026年至2028年間，該領域的供應緊張程度和盈利將主要取決於雷射和MEMS的產能和產量比率。

4. 對於產業策略家和投資者而言，僅關注GPU和TPU的出貨量不足以評估未來幾年的市場前景。追蹤800G/1.6T光學模組的出貨量和滲透率同樣重要，有助於全面了解運算能力部署與高速互連投資之間的結構性轉變。

本報告深入分析了高速光學模組市場，並提供了有關Google資料中心互連架構變化的影響的資訊。

目錄

第1章：Google：從內部運算使用者到高速互連設計者

第2章：這種架構轉變將透過兩種主要方式重塑高速光學模組市場

第3章：Google的 Fabric 架構

第4章：高速光學與供應鏈動態

第5章：情境分析

第6章：TRI的觀點

1. Google is consolidating its proprietary TPUs, Ironwood racks, 3D Torus topology, and the Apollo OCS optical backbone into a unified high-speed interconnect architecture. As a result, the focus of cluster planning is shifting from individual servers to modular designs centered on racks and Superpods.

2. Under this architecture, the share of 800G+ high-speed optical modules in data centers deployments is projected to grow from roughly 20% in 2024 to over 60% by 2026. No longer an optional upgrade, these modules are becoming the baseline configuration for next-generation clusters, driving annual demand into the millions.

3. For the optical interconnect supply chain, 800G+ optical modules and OCS systems are becoming critical elements deeply integrated with Google's infrastructure. Between 2026 and 2028, supply tightness and profitability within the sector will be primarily driven by the available production capacity and yield rates of lasers and MEMS.

4. For industry strategists and investors, assessing the market outlook over the coming years requires looking beyond GPU and TPU shipments. It is equally important to track the shipment volume and penetration of 800G/1.6T optical modules to fully understand the structural shifts between computing power deployment and high-speed interconnect investments.

Key Highlights

• Google integrates TPUs, Ironwood racks, 3D Torus topology, and Apollo OCS into a unified high-speed interconnect, shifting cluster planning from server-centric to rack- and Superpod-centric modular designs.
• High-speed optical modules (800G+) see rising deployment in data centers, evolving from optional to essential baseline for next-gen clusters, fueling massive demand.
• Optical interconnect supply chain emphasizes 800G+ modules and OCS as core to Google's infrastructure; future tightness and profitability hinge on laser and MEMS production capacity and yields.
• Strategists and investors should track 800G/1.6T module shipments and penetration beyond GPU/TPU volumes to grasp shifts in computing power and interconnect investments.

Table of Contents

1. Google: From In-House Compute User to Architect of High-Speed Interconnects

2. Two primary ways this architectural shift is reshaping the high-speed optical module market

• Figure 1: 2024~2026 Global Transceiver Shipments
• Figure 2: 2026 >800G Transceiver Shipment & Google TPU Shipment

3. Google Fabric Architecture

• Figure 3: Ironwood TPU Fabric
• Figure 4: 3D Torus & Apollo OCS
• Table 1: Analysis of Google's Network Architecture

4. High Speed Optics & Supply Chain Dynamics

5. Scenario Analysis

• Table 2: Bear/Base/Bull Scenarios for Annual TPU Shipments in 2026
• Table 3: Impact of Bear/Base/Bull Scenarios on Architecture, Supply Chain, and Technology

6. TRI's View