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1721395

48v低壓電電力供給網路(PDN)架構和供應鏈全景(2025年)

48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN) Architecture and Supply Chain Panorama Research Report, 2025

出版日期: 2025年04月18日 | 出版商:

ResearchInChina | 英文 480 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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簡介目錄

長期以來，48V 低壓 PDN 架構一直以 48V 輕混車為主。 48V 輕混汽車的電氣拓樸結構相對落後，且中國主機廠對其關注度不足，使其難以成為主要的成長市場。相較之下，純電動車 (BEV) 和插電式混合動力車 (PHEV) 可以使用高壓電池建造 48V 低壓供電軌，為整個電子電氣系統供電。

未來的純電動車 (BEV) 平台是主機廠安裝 48V 汽車系統的主要目標。在特斯拉Cybertruck的推動下，隨著先進自動駕駛和線控底盤技術的日益普及，純電動車48V低壓PDN架構正受到越來越多主機廠的關注，其供應鏈成熟度有望快速提升。

48V供應鏈與產業鏈成熟度正快速提升

從供應鏈角度來看，目前48V架構的發展受限於零件供應鏈成熟度的不足。

汽車底盤系統，48V佈局的首選方向

汽車底盤系統，包括線控制動、主動懸吊、電動輔助轉向（EPS）等，是48V部署的首選方向。

以EPS為例，近年來，DP-EPS（雙小齒輪式）和R-EPS（齒條助力式）的市佔率迅速擴大。

新能源汽車加速普及和車輛自重增加，對轉向輔助的要求也隨之提升。

先進自動駕駛功能的快速普及，帶來了轉向系統冗餘設計和全動力轉向的需求，越來越多的車型採用DP-EPS和R-EPS。

此外，自主品牌的崛起和中高階車型的增多，也提升了人們對轉向性能和駕駛體驗的期望。

在中國，輸出功率小於16kN的EPS產品已達到技術成熟階段，但尚無輸出功率高於16kN的成熟EPS產品。同時，市場上對輸出功率需求較高的車輛普遍依賴液壓輔助轉向，無法實現速度感應轉向。與電動輔助轉向相比，液壓系統性能較差，且部署限制較多，帶來了課題。

為此，一汽紅旗研發了“輸出力矩超過20kN的冗餘平行軸電動輔助轉向系統（R-EPS）”，並在國內首次亮相。該系統支援超級巡航、自動停車、車道維持等L2/L3級自動駕駛功能，並達到ASIL D級功能安全。該系統是紅旗自主研發項目之一，目前已獲得車輛認證。

R-EPS是經緯恆潤自主研發的一款48V冗餘型EPS產品，採用I型佈局。

產品尺寸緊湊，空間佈局靈活

專為滿足48V應用需求而設計，大幅降低功耗，提升能效，同時向下相容24V應用

高輸出扭矩，馬達扭力10Nm，輸出功率高達1.5kW，滿足高推力需求，提升駕駛舒適性和操作性

冗餘安全設計，符合先進自動駕駛與線控轉向系統的安全要求

依照ISO 26262流程開發，高安全等級達到ASIL D系統功能安全，故障率＜＝10 FIT，實現故障安全管理安全要求

支援網路安全

支援OTA更新

本報告對中國汽車產業進行了研究分析，介紹了48V低壓供電網路（PDN）的發展現狀、各個組件的創新，以及OEM和組件供應商的PDN部署。

48V 低壓 PDN 的發展歷史與分類
汽車低壓 PDN 架構的發展歷史
48V 低壓 PDN 應用的分類
48V 低電壓 PDN 架構與 12V 低電壓 PDN 架構的比較
48V 低電壓 PDN 架構的優缺點
開發 48V 低壓 PDN 架構的必要性
電動車 48V 系統相較於傳統 12V 系統的優勢(1)
電動車 48V 系統相較於傳統 12V 系統的優勢 (2)
電動車 48V 系統相較於傳統 12V 系統的優勢 (3)
48V 低電壓 PDN 架構的優勢 (1)
48V 低電壓 PDN 架構的優勢 (2)
48V 低電壓 PDN 架構的優勢 (3)
適用於 xEV 的 48V 低電壓 PDN 架構 (1)
48V 低電壓 PDN 架構對 xEV 的意義 (2)
48V 低壓 PDN 架構對 xEV 的意義 (3)
48V 低壓 PDN 架構推廣的困難與障礙 (1)
48V 低壓 PDN 架構推廣的困難與障礙(2)
48V低電壓供電網路（PDN）標準體系
48v系統設計的課題(1)
48v系統設計的課題(2)
48v系統設計的課題(3)
48v系統設計的課題(4)
48v低壓電PDN標準系統的摘要
國際規格(1)
國際規格(2)
國際規格(3)
國際規格(4)
國際規格(5)
歐洲規格(1)
歐洲規格(2)
歐洲規格(3)
中國規格(1)
中國規格(2)
中國規格(3)
全球和中國的小客車市場現狀與趨勢
全球小客車的銷售額:生產國別(2024年～2030年)
中國的小客車市場佔有率的轉變:各國(2024年～2030年)
中國的小客車的銷售額:NEV·ICE·電壓各平台(2024年～2030年)(資料表)
中國的小客車的銷售額:NEV·ICE·電壓各平台(2024年～2030年)
全球右/輕度混合動力車市場(48v+BSG/ISG系統)的車輛的銷售額(2023年～2024年)
中國所販售含48v輕度混合動力車裝載模式(進口車)(2024年)
含48v輕度混合動力車裝載模式(進口車)(2023年)
48v低壓電PDN架構的市場預測
48v低壓電PDN架構的量產可能性的評估
48v低壓電PDN架構小客車的銷售額(2024年～2030年)(1)
48v低壓電PDN架構小客車的銷售額(2024年～2030年)(2)
48v低壓電PDN架構的零件的影響
從車輛的12v48v的轉變長的演進的流程被要求
48v低壓電PDN架構帶來新的零件的機會
48v低壓電系統零件的階段的轉換
48v低壓電PDN架構零件的升級的摘要
48v低壓電PDN架構零件的效率
48v低壓電PDN架構零件的高電力負擔能力
48v低壓電PDN架構零件的開發進展和趨勢
48v低壓電PDN架構零件開發的優先級的評估(1)
48v低壓電PDN架構零件開發的優先級的評估(2)
48v低壓電PDN架構零件開發的優先級的評估(3)
48v低壓電PDN架構零件開發的優先級的評估(4)

第2章 48v身體/動力傳動零件的創新

48v低壓電零件 - 48vmicromotor
48v低壓電零件 - 汽車用micromotor(1)
48v低壓電零件 - 汽車用micromotor(2)
48v低壓電零件 - 48vmicromotor(8)
48v低壓電零件 - 48vmicromotor(9)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v起動裝置生成器
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v起動裝置生成器(1)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v起動裝置生成器(2)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v起動裝置生成器(7)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v起動裝置生成器(8)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v起動裝置生成器:主要供應商及技術性用途(1)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v起動裝置生成器:主要供應商及技術性用途(2)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統(1)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統(2)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統(3)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統(4)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統:開發進展
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統:主要供應商及技術性用途(1)
48v動力傳動系統 - 48v馬達控制系統:主要供應商及技術性用途(2)
48v駕駛座系統 - 48v薄板馬達
48v駕駛座系統 - 48v薄板馬達(1)
48v駕駛座系統 - 48v薄板馬達(2)
48v駕駛座系統 - 48v薄板馬達(3)
48v駕駛座系統 - 48v薄板馬達(4)
48v駕駛座系統 - 48v薄板馬達:有代表性的智慧薄板的案例

第3章 48v地帶/電力供給零件的創新

48v地帶控制系統 - 48v電力供給系統
48v地帶控制系統 - 電力供給系統(1)
48v地帶控制系統 - 電力供給系統(5)
48v地帶控制系統 - 電力供給系統(6)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v電力供給系統(1)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v電力供給系統(2)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v電力供給系統(6)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v電力供給系統:主要供應商和技術性用途
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v地帶控制器
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v地帶控制器(1)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v地帶控制器(2)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v地帶控制器(8)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v地帶控制器(9)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v地帶控制器:主要供應商和技術性用途
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v高功率音響系統
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v高功率音響系統(1)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v高功率音響系統(2)
48v地帶控制系統 - 48v高功率音響系統:主要供應商和技術性用途
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC(10)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC(11)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:主要供應商和技術性用途(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:主要供應商和技術性用途(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:主要供應商和技術性用途(3)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:主要供應商和技術性用途(4)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:使用案例(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:使用案例(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:使用案例(8)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v PDN和DC/DC:使用案例(9)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池(5)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池(6)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池:主要供應商與產品用途
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池:使用案例(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池:使用案例(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池:虛擬電池(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池:虛擬電池(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 48v/12v鋰電池:虛擬電池(3)
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS(3)
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS:主要供應商與產品用途
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS:使用案例(1)
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS:使用案例(2)
48v電力供給系統 - 鋰電池BMS:使用案例(3)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse(1)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse(2)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse(10)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse(11)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse:主要供應商和技術性用途(1)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse:主要供應商和技術性用途(2)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v eFuse:主要供應商和技術性用途(3)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束(1)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束(2)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束(3)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束(15)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束(16)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束(17)
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介面和線路線束:主要供應商和技術性用途
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v介麵線路線束:使用案例
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v主動/被動電子元件
48v智慧型電力供給系統 - 48v主動/被動電子元件

第4章 48v底盤系統零件的創新

48v底盤系統
48v底盤系統 - 開發的優點
48v底盤系統 - 48v電力動力方向盤系統(EPS)
48v底盤系統 - 48v EPS(1)
48v底盤系統 - 48v EPS(2)
48v底盤系統 - 48v EPS(6)
48v底盤系統 - 48v EPS(7)
48v底盤系統 - 48v EPS:主要的模式與產品用途
48v底盤系統 - 48v EPS:使用案例
48v底盤系統 - 48v線控轉向系統(EMB)
48v底盤系統 - 48v線控轉向系統(EMB)(1)
48v底盤系統 - 48v線控轉向系統(EMB)(2)
48v底盤系統 - 48v線控轉向系統(EMB)(6)
48v底盤系統 - 48v線控轉向系統(EMB)(7)
48v底盤系統 - 48v線控轉向系統(EMB):主要的模式與產品用途(1)
48v底盤系統 - 48v線控轉向系統(EMB):主要的模式與產品用途(2)
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊(1)
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊(2)
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊:主要供應商和技術性用途
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊:使用案例(1)
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊:使用案例(2)
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊:使用案例(3)
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊:使用案例(4)
48v底盤系統 - 48vFull主動式懸吊:使用案例(5)

第5章 48v溫度控管系統零件的創新

48v車輛溫度控管系統
48v車輛溫度控管系統(1)
48v車輛溫度控管系統(2)
48v車輛溫度控管系統(3)
48v車輛溫度控管系統(4)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v冷卻扇
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v冷卻扇
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v冷卻扇:主要供應商及技術性用途(1)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v冷卻扇:主要供應商及技術性用途(2)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v冷卻扇:使用案例
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v電子幫浦
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v電子幫浦(1)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v電子幫浦(2)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v電子幫浦(3)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v電子幫浦(4)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v電子幫浦:主要供應商及技術性用途(1)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v電子幫浦:主要供應商及技術性用途(2)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v PTC電熱器
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v PTC電熱器(1)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v PTC電熱器(2)
48v溫度控管系統 - 48v PTC電熱器:主要供應商和技術性用途

第6章 OEM的48v PDN展開

Tesla
Xiaomi Auto
NIO
XPeng Motors
Changan Auto
BYD
Geely
Chery
FAW Hongqi
Mercedes-Benz
BMW
Audi
Volvo
Lamborghini
GM

第7章零件供應商的48v PDN展開

Bosch
TDK
Valeo
ST
Vicor
onsemi
Vishay
3PEAK
NXP
Innoscience
Infineon
Silicon Application Corporation Group
G-eDrive Tech
Gentherm
UAES
Nexperia
Higasket Plastics
Elmos
ZLG
Aptiv
EATON (Bussmann)
Littelfuse
Sinofuse Electric
TE
MPS

簡介目錄

Product Code: JAF044

For a long time, the 48V low-voltage PDN architecture has been dominated by 48V mild hybrids. The electrical topology of 48V mild hybrids is relatively outdated, and Chinese OEMs have not given it sufficient attention, making it difficult to become a major incremental market. In contrast, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) can use high-voltage batteries to create a 48V low-voltage rail to power the entire E/E system.

Future BEV platforms have become the primary target for OEMs to deploy 48V automotive systems. Driven by Tesla Cybertruck, along with the increasing penetration of high-level autonomous driving and chassis-by-wire, the 48V low-voltage PDN architecture for battery electric vehicles will receive growing attention from OEMs, and the maturity of supply chain will rapidly improve accordingly.

48V supply chain and industry chain are rapidly improving maturity

From the supply chain perspective, the 48V architecture is currently limited by the insufficient maturity of component supply chains. The 48V low-voltage PDN (PDN) architecture is divided into 9 major categories and 20 subcategories, with a preliminary assessment of the development priority and technical maturity of each segmented product.

Automotive chassis system, the preferred direction of 48V layout

The automotive chassis system, including brake-by-wire, active suspension, and electric power steering (EPS), etc. are preferred directions for 48V deployment.

Taking EPS as an example, in recent years, the market share of DP-EPS (dual-pinion type) and R-EPS (rack-assisted type) has been rapidly increasing:

The accelerated penetration of new energy vehicles, along with increased vehicle weight, has raised higher demands for steering assistance.

The rapid adoption of high-level autonomous driving functions has necessitated redundant design and full-power steering in steering systems, driving more vehicle models to adopt DP-EPS or R-EPS systems.

The rise of domestic brands and the increase in mid-to-high-end models have raised expectations for steering performance and driving experience.

EPS products with an output force below 16kN have reached a mature stage of technology in China, but there are no mature EPS products with higher output forces available. Meanwhile, vehicles requiring higher output forces in the market generally rely on hydraulic power steering, which cannot achieve speed-sensitive steering. Compared to electric power steering, hydraulic systems suffer from inferior performance and challenging deployment constraints.

To address this, FAW Hongqi has developed a "redundant parallel-axis electric power steering system (R-EPS) with an output force exceeding 20kN," marking its domestic debut. This system supports L2/L3 autonomous driving functions such as super cruise, automated parking, and lane-keeping, achieving ASIL D functional safety. It has already undergone vehicle validation in one of Hongqi's R&D projects.

The R-EPS incorporates a 48V redundant EPS product developed by Jingwei HiRain, featuring a Type-I layout:

Compact product size, offering greater flexibility in spatial arrangement

Designed to meet 48V requirements, significantly reducing power consumption for improved energy efficiency while remaining backward-compatible with 24V applications

High output torque, with motor torque reaching 10Nm and power up to 1.5kW, meeting high thrust demands for enhanced driving comfort and handling

Redundant safety design, fulfilling the safety requirements of advanced autonomous driving and steer-by-wire systems

High safety level, achieving ASIL D system functional safety, developed in compliance with ISO 26262 processes, with a failure rate <=10 FIT, enabling fail-operational safety requirements

Supports cybersecurity

Supports OTA updates

Since braking and steering require high-power motors, traditional 12V low-voltage system cannot meet the power demands. Xiaomi Auto has adopted a 48V architecture for scenarios such as brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire, including:

48V EMB: Xiaomi's intelligent chassis utilizes a 48V low-voltage system, upgrading from the SU7's 12V DPB+ESP10.0 electro-hydraulic braking to a 48V four-wheel fully dry electromechanical braking system.

48V steer-by-wire system: Xiaomi's steer-by-wire system employs a fully redundant design in the hand force simulator and tire actuator, with backup for critical components such as power supply, communication, sensors, main chips, and circuits. This meets ASIL-D functional safety requirements, providing the highest level of safety assurance.

The automotive power supply system is witnessing strong demand for power ICs such as medium-voltage MOSFETs above 80V and 100V GaN FETs

In automotive power supply systems, particularly with ongoing reconstruction of vehicle ECUs, the demand for power ICs is exceptionally high. For current automotive controller hardware design, the power supply system serves as a crucial component, providing electricity to sensors, microcontrollers, actuators, communication modules, and other elements.

48V can function as a vehicle's third voltage rail: even in new energy vehicles equipped with high-voltage systems, a 48V power rail may be introduced to operate medium-power loads (typically between 1kW to 10kW). This development will lead to the widespread adoption of high-voltage (400V/800V) to 48V DC-DC converters.

In 48V systems, the maximum voltage of a fully charged battery pack reaches 60V, rendering traditional low-voltage MOSFETs used in 12V systems obsolete. Consequently, multiple manufacturers have recently introduced medium-voltage MOSFETs rated above 80V specifically for automotive 48V applications.

In April 2024, Infineon launched its first product under the advanced OptiMOS(TM) 7 80V technology-IAUCN08S7N013. This product is designed for automotive DC-DC converters and 48V motor control applications (such as EPS).

In June 2024, onsemi introduced its latest T10 PowerTrench series, also offering 80V medium-voltage MOSFETs for automotive 48V systems. The T10 technology employs a shielded gate trench structure, reducing ringing, overshoot, and noise through its industry-leading soft recovery body diode (Qrr, Trr), achieving a balance between performance and recovery characteristics.

Beyond silicon-based MOSFETs, the GaN industry is also eyeing automotive 48V systems. Several power GaN manufacturers, including EPC, TI, Infineon, and DanXi Technology, have launched 100V GaN FET products targeting 48V automotive applications. Thanks to their high frequency, high efficiency, and compact size, 100V GaN FETs are becoming a key technology for 48V system upgrades and intelligent applications. Major products include:

Innoscience INS2002: A 100V half-bridge driver set for release in 2025, featuring an integrated smart bootstrap switch and adjustable dead time, supporting bidirectional 48V/12V DC-DC conversion for high-frequency applications like motor drives and Class-D audio amplifiers.

Texas Instruments (TI) LMG2100R044 & LMG3100R017: 100V GaN chips with integrated drivers in QFN packaging, compatible with 3.3V-12V logic-level inputs. Suitable for data centers and automotive power systems, they reduce peripheral components while improving power density.

GaN Systems (under Infineon) GS61008T: A 100V/90A silicon-based GaN HEMT supporting top-side cooling, initially used in energy storage and industrial motor drives, with early versions still deployed in some automotive systems.

DanXi Technology DXC6010S1C: A 100V GaN chip (35A/12mΩ) with integrated driver, compatible with traditional silicon controllers. Designed for microinverters and motor drives, it simplifies power path design.

In 12V+48V hybrid electrical architectures, the 48V zonal controller serves as the core energy conversion and management node. UAES's zonal controller solution adopts a 48V/12V compatible design. For the 48V portion, an additional DC/DC stage handles 48V-to-12V power conversion and reverse polarity protection. Short-term implementations may rely on added DC/DC converter chips, but in the long run, adopting 48V PMIC chip technology could eliminate this stage, reducing costs.

Tesla follows a similar approach, using zonal controllers as 48V hubs to distribute power to other vehicle controllers. In its Gen4 zonal controllers, Tesla integrates DC/DC conversion supporting 48V/12V transformation and employs 48V E-fuses for power distribution management.

The standardization of 48V is a critical step toward mass production of 48V systems

Standardization is key to the testing, validation, and production line upgrades for 48V vehicles and components. Currently, voltage requirements and testing for electrical and electronic equipment in road vehicles are primarily based on 12V-24V systems. The first standard for 48V was LV148, which was later replaced by Germany's VDA320. The current standard is ISO 21780:2020. Other relevant standards for electric vehicle safety and testing include ISO 6469 and ISO 21498. In the future, as 48V low-voltage power supply network architectures develop, it is expected that ISO/SAE/GB/LV will introduce more requirements and testing standards for 48V electrical and electronic equipment.

China has recently released the recommended national standard GB/T 45120-2024, "Road vehicles-Supply voltage of 48 V-Electrical requirements and tests." This standard is modified from ISO 21780:2020, which was developed based on the electrical requirements for components in 48V mild hybrid vehicles with a DC 48V power supply. Other DC 48V power supply components may also refer to this standard.

In summary, the standardization and supply chain maturity of 48V systems have significantly accelerated. However, new vehicles still require a 2-3 years cycle for system validation, development, testing, and certification. It is estimated that the inflection point for 48V architecture adoption will occur around 2028.

The industry driver for 48V architecture lies in OEMs' high-performance and differentiated vehicle pre-research planning. The 48V architecture will first be deployed in high-end battery electric vehicles equipped with 800-1000V high-voltage platforms, high-performance powertrains, and advanced autonomous driving features. The industry's momentum primarily depends on the mass production timelines of leading OEMs, such as:

Tesla is prioritizing 48V system trials in premium models like the Cybertruck to gather data and cultivate the supply chain. The upgraded Model S/X is planned to adopt the 48V architecture first in 2025, followed by a gradual rollout across the entire lineup (Model Y will not introduce 48V in 2025). Tesla will use OTA updates to enhance low-voltage system functions in existing vehicles, buying time for hardware iterations.

NIO ET9, based on the NT 3.0 platform, has proactively implemented a redundant 12V and 48V architecture, with the 48V system specifically supporting high-power loads such as the FAS fully active suspension.

Xiaomi Auto is introducing the 48V architecture in applications like brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire systems.

Tesla, NIO, and Xiaomi may gradually adopt the 48V low-voltage PDN architecture between 2025 and 2026. However, due to gaps in the supply chain, they still face a lengthy adoption cycle. Other OEMs' 48V low-voltage PDN platforms remain in the planning stage, with market entry expected to take at least 2-3 years. As new architecture models hit the market, ResearchInChina predicts that by 2030, the adoption of 48V architecture in BEVs will surpass the one-million-unit milestone.

1 Definition and Standardization of 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN)

1.1 Development History and Classification of 48V Low-voltage PDN
Development History of Automotive Low-voltage PDN Architecture
Classification of 48V Low-voltage PDN Applications
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture VS 12V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN) Architecture
Development Necessity of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
What Are the Advantages of 48V System for Electric Vehicles over Conventional 12V System? (1)
What Are the Advantages of 48V System for Electric Vehicles over Conventional 12V System? (2)
What Are the Advantages of 48V System for Electric Vehicles over Conventional 12V System? (3)
Advantages of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (1)
Advantages of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (2)
Advantages of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (3)
Significance of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for xEV (1)
Significance of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for xEV (2)
Significance of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for xEV (3)
Difficulties and Obstacles in Popularizing 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (1)
Difficulties and Obstacles in Popularizing 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (2)
1.3 Standard System of 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN)
48V System Design Challenges (1)
48V System Design Challenges (2)
48V System Design Challenges (3)
48V System Design Challenges (4)
Summary of 48V Low-voltage PDN Standard System
International Standards (1)
International Standards (2)
International Standards (3)
International Standards (4)
International Standards (5)
European Standards (1)
European Standards (2)
European Standards (3)
Chinese Standards (1)
Chinese Standards (2)
Chinese Standards (3)
1.4 Market Status and Trends of Global and China Passenger Car Market
Global Passenger Vehicle Sales (by production origin), 2024-2030E
Changes in Market Share by Country in China's Passenger Vehicle Market, 2024-2030E
Sales of Passenger Car in China (by NEV, ICE, and Voltage Platform), 2024-2030E (data table)
Sales of Passenger Car in China (by NEV, ICE, and Voltage Platform), 2024-2030E
Global Light/Mild Hybrid Market (48V+BSG/ISG systems) Vehicle Sales, 2023-2024
48V Mild Hybrid-equipped Models on Sale in China (including imports), 2024
Models (including Imports) Equipped with 48V Mild Hybrid Systems, 2023
1.5 Market Outlook of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
Mass Production Potential Assessment of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Passenger Car Sales, 2024-2030E (1)
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Passenger Car Sales, 2024-2030E (2)
1.6 Impacts of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for Components
Transition from 12V to 48V in Vehicles Requires A Lengthy Evolution Process
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Brings New Component Opportunities
Phase-wise Transformation of 48V Low-voltage System Components
Summary of Component Upgrades for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
Efficiency of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Components
High-power Load Capability of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Components
Development Progress and Trends of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Components
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (1)
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (2)
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (3)
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (4)

2 48V Vehicle Body/Powertrain Component Innovations

2.1 48V Low-voltage Components - 48V Micro Motors
48V Low-voltage Components - Automotive Micro Motors (1)
48V Low-voltage Components - Automotive Micro Motors (2)
48V Low-voltage Components - 48V Micro Motors (8)
48V Low-voltage Components - 48V Micro Motors (9)
2.2 48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (2)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (7)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (8)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
2.3 48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (2)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (3)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (4)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System: Development Progress
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
2.4 48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (1)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (2)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (3)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (4)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors: Typical Smart Seat Cases

3 48V Zonal /Power Supply Component Innovations

3.1 48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System
48V Zonal Control System - Power Supply System (1)
48V Zonal Control System - Power Supply System (5)
48V Zonal Control System - Power Supply System (6)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System (6)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
3.2 48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (1)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (2)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (8)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (9)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
3.3 48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System
48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System (1)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System (2)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
3.4 48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (10)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (11)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (3)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (4)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (8)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (9)
3.5 48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (5)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (6)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Key Suppliers and Product Applications
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Use Case (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Use Case (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Virtual Battery (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Virtual Battery (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Virtual Battery (3)
3.6 48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS (1)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS (2)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS (3)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Key Suppliers and Product Applications
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Use Case (1)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Use Case (2)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Use Case (3)
3.7 48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (10)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (11)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (3)
3.8 48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (3)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (15)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (16)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (17)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness: Use Case
3.9 48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Active/Passive Electronic Components
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Active/Passive Electronic Components

4 48V Chassis System Component Innovations

4.1 48V Chassis System
48V Chassis System - Development Advantages
4.2 48V Chassis System - 48V Electric Power Steering System (EPS)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (2)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (6)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (7)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS: Main Models and Product Applications
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS: Use Case
4.3 48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (2)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (6)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (7)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB): Main Models and Product Applications (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB): Main Models and Product Applications (2)
4.4 48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension (2)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (2)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (3)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (4)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (5)

5 48V Thermal Management System Component Innovations

5.1 48V Vehicle Thermal Management System
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (1)
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (2)
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (3)
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (4)
5.2 48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan: Use Case
5.3 48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (2)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (3)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (4)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
5.4 48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater
48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater (2)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications