封面
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1463004

抗輻射電子市場、佔有率、市場規模、趨勢、行業分析報告:依產品類型、依組件、依製造技術、依應用、依地區、依細分市場預測,2024-2032 年

Radiation Hardened Electronics Market Share, Size, Trends, Industry Analysis Report, By Product Type (Custom Made, Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS)); By Component; By Manufacturing Technique; By Application; By Region; Segment Forecast, 2024- 2032

出版日期: | 出版商: Polaris Market Research | 英文 116 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格

根據 Polaris Market Research 的最新研究,到 2032 年,全球抗輻射電子市場預計將達到 26.1 億美元。 該研究報告提供了對當前市場動態的詳細洞察,並對未來市場成長進行了分析。

抗輻射電子市場是指專注於開發、製造和銷售旨在承受電離輻射的電子元件和系統的工業領域。 電離輻射,包括宇宙射線、核輻射和高空電磁脈衝,對電子設備構成威脅,並可能導致其故障或失效。

在某些關鍵應用(例如航空航太、國防、太空探索和核電)中,電子系統可能會暴露在高水平輻射下。 為了確保電子元件在這些環境中可靠運行,輻射固化電子產品經過專門設計和測試,可以承受輻射的有害影響。

抗輻射電子元件的整合幾乎已成為核感測和儀器儀表的必需品,因為它提供了在檢測層級設計更先進的核系統的途徑。 在核反應器的加密單元中安裝先進的傳感器可以透過更準確的數據更好地控制和監控多個參數,從而確保過程盡可能高效和安全。

對於核設施,大量資訊是透過電子基礎設施處理的,這需要能夠承受高劑量放射性輻射的設備。 為了在如此惡劣的環境下監測和傳輸數據,必須嚴格採用具有令人難以置信的抗輻射能力的電子設備。 它不僅為檢查核電站提供了先進的工具,而且還適用於在緊急情況下通訊硬體可能無法使用的情況,或者在放射性濃度越來越高的區域,可以大大提高您進行研究的能力。

電力線路、發電廠和標準電子設備的主要威脅通常來自電磁波和熱輻射,導致潛在的故障。 為了應對這些課題,航太機構和私人公司越來越多地投資於抗輻射電子設備。 該市場的預期成長是由對在嚴格要求下可靠運作的組件的關鍵需求所推動的。 一項新的核潛艇建造計劃預計將在不久的將來獲得批准並啟動,為抗輻射電子市場帶來新的前景和擴大的機會。

抗輻射電子市場報告重點

2023 年,航空航太和國防領域佔了最大的市場佔有率,因為電子系統不能出現故障的關鍵任務操作頻繁。 在衛星、軍用飛機和飛彈系統等應用中,可靠性和彈性至關重要,推動了對抗輻射電子產品的需求。

RHBP(製程強化輻射)技術預計將在預測期內表現出最高的複合年增長率。 RHBP利用積體電路(IC)製造製程並進行特定修改以增強電子元件的容錯能力。 為了克服輻射帶來的課題,RHBP 主要修改電晶體本身,使其不易因輻射暴露而退化。

2023年,北美地區佔最大的市場佔有率,主要是由於該地區國家存在許多主要市場參與者和航太機構。 此外,對太空和核子計畫的關注以及政府對用於太空任務的抗輻射電子產品的投資正在推動市場成長。

目錄

第一章簡介

第 2 章執行摘要

第三章研究方法

第 4 章洞察全球抗輻射電子市場

  • 抗輻射電子產品 - 產業快照
  • 抗輻射電子市場動態
    • 推動者和機會
      • 擴大監視、情報收集和偵察 (ISR) 活動
      • 人們對在空間衛星應用中使用商用組件的興趣日益濃厚
    • 抑制因素和課題
      • 與建立全面測試環境相關的課題
  • 杵分析
  • 抗輻射電子產業的趨勢
  • 價值鏈分析
  • 新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 影響分析

第 5 章世界市場(依組成部分)

  • 主要發現
  • 簡介
  • 記憶體
  • 處理器和控制器
  • 混合訊號IC
  • 電源管理

第 6 章全球市場(依產品類型)

  • 主要發現
  • 簡介
  • 定制
  • 商業產品 (COTS)

第 7 章依應用劃分的世界市場

  • 主要發現
  • 簡介
  • 醫療
  • 航空航太與國防
  • 空間
  • 核電廠
  • 其他

第 8 章依製造技術劃分的世界市場

  • 主要發現
  • 簡介
  • 依製程進行輻射硬化 (RHBP)
  • 抗輻射設計 (RHBD)

第 9 章依地區劃分的世界市場

  • 主要發現
  • 簡介
    • 2019-2032 年抗輻射電子市場評估(依地區)
  • 抗輻射電子市場 - 北美
    • 北美:抗輻射電子市場(依組件),2019-2032 年
    • 北美:抗輻射電子市場,依製造技術劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 北美:抗輻射電子市場(依產品類型),2019-2032 年
    • 北美:抗輻射電子市場,依應用劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 美國
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 加拿大
  • 抗輻射電子市場 - 歐洲
    • 歐洲:抗輻射電子市場(依組成部分),2019-2032 年
    • 歐洲:抗輻射電子市場,依製造技術劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 歐洲:抗輻射電子市場(依產品類型),2019-2032 年
    • 歐洲:抗輻射電子市場,依應用劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 英國
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 法國
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 德國
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 義大利
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 西班牙
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 荷蘭
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 俄羅斯
  • 抗輻射電子市場 - 亞太地區
    • 亞太地區:抗輻射電子市場(依組成部分),2019-2032 年
    • 亞太地區:抗輻射電子市場,依製造技術劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 亞太地區:抗輻射電子市場(依產品類型),2019-2032 年
    • 亞太地區:抗輻射電子市場,依應用劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 中國
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 印度
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 日本
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 馬來西亞
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 印度尼西亞
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 韓國
  • 抗輻射電子市場 - 中東和非洲
    • 中東和非洲:抗輻射電子市場(依組成部分),2019-2032 年
    • 中東和非洲:抗輻射電子市場(依製造技術劃分),2019-2032 年
    • 中東和非洲:抗輻射電子市場(依產品類型),2019-2032 年
    • 中東和非洲:抗輻射電子市場,依應用劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 南非
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 以色列
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 阿聯酋
  • 抗輻射電子市場 - 拉丁美洲
    • 拉丁美洲:抗輻射電子市場(依組成部分),2019-2032 年
    • 拉丁美洲:抗輻射電子市場,依製造技術劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 拉丁美洲:抗輻射電子市場(依產品類型),2019-2032 年
    • 拉丁美洲:抗輻射電子市場,依應用劃分,2019-2032 年
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 墨西哥
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 巴西
    • 抗輻射電子市場 - 阿根廷

第10章競爭態勢

  • 擴張與收購分析
    • 放大
    • 收購
  • 合作/協作/合約/出版物

第十一章公司簡介

  • BAE Systems
  • Honeywell International Inc
  • Infineon Technologies AG
  • Microchip Technology Inc.
  • Renesas Electronics Corporation
  • STMicroelectronics
  • Teledyne Technologies Inc
  • Texas Instruments Incorporated
  • TTM Technologies, Inc.
Product Code: PM4718

The global Radiation Hardened Electronics market size is expected to reach USD 2.61 billion by 2032, according to a new study by Polaris Market Research. The report "Radiation Hardened Electronics Market Share, Size, Trends, Industry Analysis Report, By Product Type (Custom Made, Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS)); By Component; By Manufacturing Technique; By Application; By Region; Segment Forecast, 2024- 2032" gives a detailed insight into current market dynamics and provides analysis on future market growth.

The radiation-hardened electronics market refers to the industry segment that focuses on the development, manufacturing, and sale of electronic components and systems designed to withstand exposure to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation, which includes sources like cosmic rays, nuclear radiation, and high-altitude electromagnetic pulses, can pose a threat to electronic devices, leading to malfunctions or failures.

Electronic systems may be exposed to high levels of radiation in certain critical applications, such as aerospace, defense, space exploration, and nuclear power. To ensure the reliable operation of electronic components in these environments, radiation-hardened electronics are specifically engineered and tested to withstand the damaging effects of radiation.

Rad-hard electronics integration almost became a necessity for nuclear sensing and instrumentation as it provided an avenue to design more sophisticated nuclear systems at the detection level. Installation of sophisticated sensors in the reactor's crypt cell could lead to better control and improved monitoring of several parameters with more accurate data to ensure that we are getting the most efficient and safe process possible.

In the case of nuclear facilities, a significant amount of information is processed through electronic infrastructure, which entails the need for devices able to withstand high doses of radioactive radiation. Uncanny radiation-resistant electronics have to be employed strictly during the monitoring and transmission of data in such harsh environments, thus effectively guaranteeing dependable functioning. Not only do they provide a sophisticated tool for inspecting nuclear power plants, but also their use can significantly enhance the ability to conduct extensive surveying in scenarios when communication hardware may be inoperable during emergency episodes or in zones with an unprecedentedly high degree of radioactivity.

The primary threat to power lines, power plants, and standard electronic equipment often stems from electromagnetic and thermal radiation, leading to potential malfunctions. In response to these challenges, an increasing number of space agencies and private enterprises are directing investments toward radiation-hardened electronics. The projected growth of this market is fueled by the crucial demand for components that can reliably operate under stringent requirements. Anticipated new building programs for nuclear-propelled submarines are poised to be approved and initiated in the near future, introducing additional prospects and expanding opportunities within the radiation-hardened electronics market.

Radiation Hardened Electronics Market Report Highlights

In 2023, the aerospace and defense segment accounted for the largest market share due to their frequent engagement in mission-critical operations where electronic system failure is not an option. Reliability and resilience are paramount in applications such as satellites, military aircraft, and missile systems, driving the demand for radiation-hardened electronics.

The Radiation Hardened By Process (RHBP) technique is expected to witness the highest CAGR during the forecast period; it utilizes the integrated circuit (IC) fabrication process, incorporating specific modifications to fortify the resilience of electronic components. To overcome the challenges presented by radiation, RHBP primarily involves modifying the transistor bodies to reduce their susceptibility to the deteriorating effects of radiation exposure.

In 2023, the North American region dominated the largest market share, primarily due to the substantial presence of major market players and space agencies within the region's countries. Furthermore, the market's growth is fueled by a focus on space and nuclear programs and government investments in radiation-hardened electronics for space missions.

The global key market players include AMD, BAE Systems, Honeywell International Inc., Microchip Technology Inc., Renesas Electronics Corporation, STMicroelectronics, Teledyne Technologies Inc., TTM Technologies, Inc, and more.

Polaris Market Research has segmented the radiation hardened electronics market report based on product type, component, manufacturing technique, application, and region:

Radiation Hardened Electronics, Product Type Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2019 - 2032)

  • Custom Made
  • Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS)

Radiation Hardened Electronics, Component Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2019 - 2032)

  • Memory
  • Processors & Controllers
  • Mixed Signal ICs
  • Power Management

Radiation Hardened Electronics, Manufacturing Technique Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2019 - 2032)

  • Radiation-Hardening by Process (RHBP)
  • Radiation-Hardening by Design (RHBD)

Radiation Hardened Electronics, Application Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2019 - 2032)

  • Medical
  • Aerospace & Defense
  • Space
  • Nuclear Power Plant
  • Others

Radiation Hardened Electronics, Regional Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2019 - 2032)

  • North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • UK
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Russia
  • Netherlands
  • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Indonesia
  • Malaysia
  • Australia
  • Rest of APAC
  • Latin America
  • Argentina
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Rest of LA
  • Middle East & Africa
  • UAE
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Israel
  • South Africa
  • Rest of MEA

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

  • 1.1. Report Description
    • 1.1.1. Objectives of the Study
    • 1.1.2. Market Scope
    • 1.1.3. Assumptions
  • 1.2. Stakeholders

2. Executive Summary

  • 2.1. Market Highlights

3. Research Methodology

  • 3.1. Overview
    • 3.1.1. Data Mining
  • 3.2. Data Sources
    • 3.2.1. Primary Sources
    • 3.2.2. Secondary Sources

4. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market Insights

  • 4.1. Radiation Hardened Electronics - Industry Snapshot
  • 4.2. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market Dynamics
    • 4.2.1. Drivers and Opportunities
      • 4.2.1.1. Rising operations in surveillance, intelligence, and reconnaissance (ISR)
      • 4.2.1.2. Growing interest in utilizing commercial-off-the-shelf components for space satellite applications
    • 4.2.2. Restraints and Challenges
      • 4.2.2.1. Challenges associated with establishing an authentic testing environment
  • 4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    • 4.3.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Moderate)
    • 4.3.2. Threats of New Entrants: (Low)
    • 4.3.3. Bargaining Power of Buyers (Moderate)
    • 4.3.4. Threat of Substitute (Moderate)
    • 4.3.5. Rivalry among existing firms (High)
  • 4.4. PESTLE Analysis
  • 4.5. Radiation Hardened Electronics Industry Trends
  • 4.6. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.7. COVID-19 Impact Analysis

5. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component

  • 5.1. Key Findings
  • 5.2. Introduction
    • 5.2.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 5.3. Memory
    • 5.3.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Memory, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 5.4. Processors & Controllers
    • 5.4.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Processors & Controllers, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 5.5. Mixed Signal ICs
    • 5.5.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Mixed Signal ICs, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 5.6. Power Management
    • 5.6.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Power Management, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)

6. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type

  • 6.1. Key Findings
  • 6.2. Introduction
    • 6.2.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 6.3. Custom Made
    • 6.3.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Custom Made, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 6.4. Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS)
    • 6.4.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS), by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)

7. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application

  • 7.1. Key Findings
  • 7.2. Introduction
    • 7.2.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 7.3. Medical
    • 7.3.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Medical, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 7.4. Aerospace & Defense
    • 7.4.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Aerospace & Defense, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 7.5. Space
    • 7.5.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Space, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 7.6. Nuclear Power Plant
    • 7.6.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Nuclear Power Plant, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 7.7. Others
    • 7.7.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Others, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)

8. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique

  • 8.1. Key Findings
  • 8.2. Introduction
    • 8.2.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 8.3. Radiation-Hardening by Process (RHBP)
    • 8.3.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Radiation-Hardening by Process (RHBP), by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 8.4. Radiation-Hardening by Design (RHBD)
    • 8.4.1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Radiation-Hardening by Design (RHBD), by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)

9. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Geography

  • 9.1. Key findings
  • 9.2. Introduction
    • 9.2.1. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market Assessment, By Geography, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 9.3. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - North America
    • 9.3.1. North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.3.2. North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.3.3. North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.3.4. North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.3.5. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - U.S.
      • 9.3.5.1. U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.3.5.2. U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.3.5.3. U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.3.5.4. U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.3.6. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Canada
      • 9.3.6.1. Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.3.6.2. Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.3.6.3. Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.3.6.4. Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 9.4. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Europe
    • 9.4.1. Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.2. Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.3. Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.4. Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.5. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - UK
      • 9.4.5.1. UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.5.2. UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.5.3. UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.5.4. UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.6. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - France
      • 9.4.6.1. France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.6.2. France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.6.3. France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.6.4. France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.7. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Germany
      • 9.4.7.1. Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.7.2. Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.7.3. Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.7.4. Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.8. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Italy
      • 9.4.8.1. Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.8.2. Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.8.3. Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.8.4. Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.9. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Spain
      • 9.4.9.1. Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.9.2. Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.9.3. Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.9.4. Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.10. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Netherlands
      • 9.4.10.1. Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.10.2. Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.10.3. Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.10.4. Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.4.11. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Russia
      • 9.4.11.1. Russia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.11.2. Russia.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.11.3. Russia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.4.11.4. Russia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 9.5. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Asia Pacific
    • 9.5.1. Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.2. Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.3. Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.4. Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.5. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - China
      • 9.5.5.1. China: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.5.2. China.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.5.3. China: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.5.4. China: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.6. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - India
      • 9.5.6.1. India: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.6.2. India.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.6.3. India: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.6.4. India: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.7. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Japan
      • 9.5.7.1. Japan: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.7.2. Japan.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.7.3. Japan: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.7.4. Japan: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.8. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Malaysia
      • 9.5.8.1. Malaysia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.8.2. Malaysia.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.8.3. Malaysia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.8.4. Malaysia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.9. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Indonesia
      • 9.5.9.1. Indonesia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.9.2. Indonesia.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.9.3. Indonesia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.9.4. Indonesia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.5.10. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - South Korea
      • 9.5.10.1. South Korea: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.10.2. South Korea.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.10.3. South Korea: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.5.10.4. South Korea: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 9.6. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Middle East & Africa
    • 9.6.1. Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.6.2. Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.6.3. Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.6.4. Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.6.5. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Saudi Arabia
      • 9.6.5.1. Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.5.2. Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.5.3. Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.5.4. Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.6.6. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - South Africa
      • 9.6.6.1. South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.6.2. South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.6.3. South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.6.4. South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.6.7. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Israel
      • 9.6.7.1. Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.7.2. Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.7.3. Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.7.4. Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.6.8. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - UAE
      • 9.6.8.1. UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.8.2. UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.8.3. UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.6.8.4. UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • 9.7. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Latin America
    • 9.7.1. Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.7.2. Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.7.3. Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.7.4. Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.7.5. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Mexico
      • 9.7.5.1. Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.5.2. Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.5.3. Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.5.4. Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.7.6. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Brazil
      • 9.7.6.1. Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.6.2. Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.6.3. Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.6.4. Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
    • 9.7.7. Radiation Hardened Electronics Market - Argentina
      • 9.7.7.1. Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.7.2. Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.7.3. Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
      • 9.7.7.4. Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)

10. Competitive Landscape

  • 10.1. Expansion and Acquisition Analysis
    • 10.1.1. Expansion
    • 10.1.2. Acquisitions
  • 10.2. Partnerships/Collaborations/Agreements/Exhibitions

11. Company Profiles

  • 11.1. BAE Systems
    • 11.1.1. Company Overview
    • 11.1.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.1.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.1.4. Recent Development
  • 11.2. Honeywell International Inc
    • 11.2.1. Company Overview
    • 11.2.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.2.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.2.4. Recent Development
  • 11.3. Infineon Technologies AG
    • 11.3.1. Company Overview
    • 11.3.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.3.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.3.4. Recent Development
  • 11.4. Microchip Technology Inc.
    • 11.4.1. Company Overview
    • 11.4.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.4.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.4.4. Recent Development
  • 11.5. Renesas Electronics Corporation
    • 11.5.1. Company Overview
    • 11.5.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.5.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.5.4. Recent Development
  • 11.6. STMicroelectronics
    • 11.6.1. Company Overview
    • 11.6.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.6.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.6.4. Recent Development
  • 11.7. Teledyne Technologies Inc
    • 11.7.1. Company Overview
    • 11.7.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.7.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.7.4. Recent Development
  • 11.8. Texas Instruments Incorporated
    • 11.8.1. Company Overview
    • 11.8.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.8.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.8.4. Recent Development
  • 11.9. TTM Technologies, Inc.
    • 11.9.1. Company Overview
    • 11.9.2. Financial Performance
    • 11.9.3. Product Benchmarking
    • 11.9.4. Recent Development

List of Tables

  • Table 1 Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 2 Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 3 Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 4 Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 5 Radiation Hardened Electronics Market Assessment, By Geography, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 6 North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 7 North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 8 North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 9 North America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 10 U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 11 U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 12 U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 13 U.S.: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 14 Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 15 Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 16 Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 17 Canada: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 18 Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 19 Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 20 Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 21 Europe: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 22 Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 23 Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 24 Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 25 Germany: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 26 France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 27 France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 28 France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 29 France: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 30 UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 31 UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 32 UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 33 UK: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 34 Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 35 Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 36 Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 37 Italy: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 38 Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 39 Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 40 Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 41 Netherlands: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 42 Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 43 Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 44 Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 45 Spain: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 46 Russia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 47 Russia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 48 Russia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 49 Russia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 50 Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 51 Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 52 Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 53 Asia Pacific: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 54 China: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 55 China: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 56 China: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 57 China: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 58 Japan: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 59 Japan: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 60 Japan: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 61 Japan: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 62 India: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 63 India: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 64 India: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 65 India: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 66 Indonesia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 67 Indonesia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 68 Indonesia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 69 Indonesia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 70 Malaysia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 71 Malaysia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 72 Malaysia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 73 Malaysia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 74 South Korea: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 75 South Korea: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 76 South Korea: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 77 South Korea: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 78 Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 79 Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 80 Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 81 Latin America: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 82 Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 83 Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 84 Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 85 Brazil: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 86 Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 87 Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 88 Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 89 Mexico: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 90 Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 91 Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 92 Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 93 Argentina: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 94 Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 95 Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 96 Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 97 Middle East & Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 98 UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 99 UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 100 UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 101 UAE: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 102 Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 103 Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 104 Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 105 Saudi Arabia: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 106 South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 107 South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 108 South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 109 South Africa: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 110 Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 111 Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 112 Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Table 113 Israel: Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, 2019-2032 (USD Billion)
  • Figure 2. Integrated Ecosystem
  • Figure 3. Research Methodology: Top-Down & Bottom-Up Manufacturing Technique
  • Figure 4. Market by Geography
  • Figure 5. Porter's Five Forces
  • Figure 6. Market by Component
  • Figure 7. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Component, 2021 & 2030 (USD Billion)
  • Figure 8. Market by Manufacturing Technique
  • Figure 9. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Manufacturing Technique, 2021 & 2030 (USD Billion)
  • Figure 10. Market by Product Type
  • Figure 11. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Product Type, 2021 & 2030 (USD Billion)
  • Figure 12. Market by Application
  • Figure 13. Global Radiation Hardened Electronics Market, by Application, 2021 & 2030 (USD Billion)