Product Code: CH 6492
The intumescent coatings market is approximated to be USD 1.13 billion in 2024, and it is projected to reach USD 1.44 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 4.1%.
Scope of the Report |
Years Considered for the Study | 2021-2030 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2030 |
Units Considered | Value (USD Million) and Volume (Thousand Liters) |
Segments | Type, Substrate, Application Technique, End-use Industry, and Region |
Regions covered | North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, the Middle East & Africa, and South America |
This growth is driven by tighter fire-safety regulations, stricter building codes, rising construction investments, growing awareness & insurance incentives, and rising demand for lightweight construction and aesthetics. The sustainability and low-VOC of Intumescent Coatings have made it a popular choice in various industries, including building construction, aerospace, industrial, and others.
"By type, thin-film-based intumescent coatings are projected to register the fastest growth during the forecast period."
Thin-film intumescent coatings are considered the fastest-growing segment in the global market because of their super aesthetic finish, lightweight protection, and ease of application on structural steel in the modern architectural and commercial sectors. They essentially provide fire resistance with no added bulk. Hence, they are suitable for exposed steel structures in high-rise buildings, airports, and commercial complexes where safety and design appeal take priority. The demand for these coatings is being augmented by increasing fire safety laws and their growing usage in infrastructure projects across urban areas.
"By substrate, structural steel & cast iron are projected to register the fastest growth during the forecast period."
By the substrate type segments, fast growth rates are observed for structures made out of structural steel and cast iron due to their extensive use in modern infrastructures, high-rise buildings, industrial plants, and oil & gas facilities. These materials are prone to losing their strength when subjected to high-temperature conditions; hence, fire protection is necessary from an engineering point of view to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the buildings. The stricter international implementation of fire safety regulations, aided by steel for green and modular construction, is contributing to increased demand for intumescent coatings.
"By end-use industry, the building & construction segment is projected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period."
Within the intumescent coatings market, growth continues to be most rapid in the building & construction segment as fire safety gains importance in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. With growing urbanization and an increasing number of high-rise and big infrastructure projects, the need for high-end passive fire protection technologies has been accentuated. Building codes, safety regulations, and insurance requirements act as driving factors for building acceptance, and renovation and retrofitting of self-security angles of older buildings also added to the market growth in this segment.
"By application techniques, the spray segment accounted for the largest segment."
The spray application method is estimated to account for the largest market share among intumescent coating application methods due to its ability to provide uniform thickness, smooth finish, and faster coverage over large surface areas. It ensures consistent film build, critical for the fire-protective performance of intumescent coatings on structural steel and industrial equipment. Spray application enhances morphology, penetrating even complex shapes better than any other coating method, which is found to be an effective application in construction, oil & gas, aerospace, and other industries. Its efficiency reduces labor time and overall application costs, which drives preference among contractors and end users. The development of airless spray equipment has further facilitated spraying as a more accurate method, resulting in less material wastage and easier handling of higher-viscosity formulations. These collective benefits made spray application the preferred and most economical choice for intumescent coatings, thus contributing to the dominance of the spray application technique.
"By region, the Middle East & Africa is projected to register the second-highest CAGR during the forecast period."
The Middle East & Africa emerges as one of the second-fastest regional segments in the intumescent coatings market, attributed to rapid infrastructure development and expansions of the oil & gas sector. Countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar are investing in the development of high-rise buildings, commercial complexes, and industrial facilities, which has created excess demand for fire protection solutions. Other large-scale energy projects in the region, such as refineries, petrochemical plants, offshore platform constructions, etc., and many other projects, have propelled the use of intumescent coatings to protect structural steel in high-risk settings. Urban development and housing projects, especially in Africa, push further demand for low-cost fire-resistant building materials. Also, strict building codes and safety regulations, most strongly felt in countries of the GCC, are the ones forcing contractors to apply intumescent coatings to new projects. The market outlook is further enhanced by a rise in foreign direct investments in infrastructure and ongoing megaprojects, such as NEOM in Saudi Arabia and Expo City Dubai.
Profile break-up of primary participants for the report:
- By Company Type: Tier 1: 25%, Tier 2: 42%, and Tier 3: 33%
- By Designation: C Level: 20%, Director Level: 30%, and Others: 50%
- By Region: North America: 20%, Europe: 10%, Asia Pacific: 40%, Middle East & Africa: 20%, and South America: 10%
Companies Covered
Sherwin-Williams (US), PPG (US), AkzoNobel (Netherlands), Jotun (Norway), Hempel A/S (Denmark), RPM International, Inc. (US), Sika (Switzerland), Kansai Paint Co. Ltd. (Japan), Etex (Belgium), and Teknos (Finland are some of the key players in the intumescent coatings market.
Research Coverage
The market study covers the intumescent coatings market across various segments. It aims to estimate the market size and the growth potential of this market across different segments based on type, substrate, application techniques, end-use industry, and region. The study also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of key players in the market, their company profiles, key observations related to their products and business offerings, recent developments undertaken by them, and key growth strategies adopted by them to improve their position in the intumescent coatings market.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report
The report is expected to help the market leaders/new entrants in this market share the closest approximations of the revenue numbers of the overall intumescent coatings market and its segments and subsegments. This report is projected to help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape of the market, gain insights to improve the position of their businesses, and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also aims to help stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provide them with information on the key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
The report provides insights into the following pointers:
- Analysis of key drivers (tighter fire-safety regulations & building codes), restraints (long, costly certification & testing cycles), opportunities (renovation & retrofitting of old buildings), and challenges (high competition and pricing pressure) influencing the growth of the intumescent coatings market
- Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product & service launches in the intumescent coatings market
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about profitable markets - the report analyses the intumescent coatings market across varied regions
Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the intumescent coatings market
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of key players like Sherwin-Williams (US), PPG (US), AkzoNobel (Netherlands), Jotun (Norway), Hempel A/S (Denmark), RPM International, Inc. (US), Sika (Switzerland), Kansai Paint Co. Ltd. (Japan), Etex (Belgium), and Teknos (Finland) in the intumescent coatings market; also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the intumescent coatings market and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
- 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
- 1.3 STUDY SCOPE
- 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE
- 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
- 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
- 1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
- 1.3.5 UNITS CONSIDERED
- 1.4 STAKEHOLDERS
- 1.5 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1 RESEARCH DATA
- 2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
- 2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
- 2.1.1.2 List of secondary sources
- 2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
- 2.1.2.1 Key primary participants
- 2.1.2.2 Key data from primary sources
- 2.1.2.3 Breakdown of interviews with experts
- 2.1.2.4 Key industry insights
- 2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
- 2.2.1 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
- 2.2.2 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
- 2.3 BASE NUMBER CALCULATION
- 2.3.1 SUPPLY-SIDE APPROACH
- 2.4 GROWTH FORECAST
- 2.5 DATA TRIANGULATION
- 2.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
- 2.7 FACTOR ANALYSIS
- 2.8 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
- 2.9 RISK ASSESSMENT
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
- 4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET
- 4.2 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY TYPE
- 4.3 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY SUBSTRATE
- 4.4 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
- 4.5 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY APPLICATION TECHNIQUE
- 4.6 NORTH AMERICA: INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY AND COUNTRY
- 4.7 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY KEY COUNTRY
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
- 5.2.1 DRIVERS
- 5.2.1.1 Stringent fire-safety regulations and building codes
- 5.2.1.2 Rising investments in construction
- 5.2.1.3 Awareness and insurance incentives
- 5.2.1.4 Lightweight construction and esthetics
- 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
- 5.2.2.1 Long, costly certification and testing cycles
- 5.2.2.2 High upfront costs vs. alternative fire protection solutions
- 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
- 5.2.3.1 Renovation and retrofitting of old buildings
- 5.2.3.2 Growth and development in emerging markets
- 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
- 5.2.4.1 High competition and pricing pressure
- 5.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
- 5.4 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
- 5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 5.6 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
- 5.6.1 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
- 5.6.1.1 Regulatory bodies, government agencies, and other organizations
- 5.6.2 KEY REGULATIONS
- 5.7 PRICING ANALYSIS
- 5.7.1 PRICING ANALYSIS BASED ON REGION, 2021-2024
- 5.8 TRADE ANALYSIS
- 5.8.1 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 3209)
- 5.8.2 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 3209)
- 5.9 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- 5.9.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.9.1.1 Nano-enabled fillers and nanocomposites
- 5.9.1.2 Low-smoke/low-toxicity chemistries
- 5.9.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.9.2.1 Abrasive blast cleaning
- 5.9.2.2 Hydroblasting
- 5.9.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
- 5.9.3.1 Battery thermal runaway mitigation coatings
- 5.10 PATENT ANALYSIS
- 5.11 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
- 5.11.1 SASOL CHEMICALS USA -LAKE CHARLES CHEMICAL PROJECT (LCCP)
- 5.11.2 ULTIMATE SOLUTION FOR EXTREME HYDROCARBON FIRE SCENARIOS
- 5.11.3 WEMBLEY NATIONAL STADIUM LIMITED
- 5.12 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
- 5.12.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
- 5.12.2 BUYING CRITERIA
- 5.13 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025-2026
- 5.14 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
- 5.15 IMPACT OF AI ON INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET
- 5.15.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.15.2 IMPACT OF AI ON INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET
- 5.16 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
- 5.16.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
- 5.16.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
- 5.16.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
- 5.16.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
- 5.16.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
- 5.17 MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
- 5.17.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.17.2 GDP TRENDS AND FORECASTS
- 5.18 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFF ON INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET
- 5.18.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.18.2 KEY TARIFF RATES
- 5.18.3 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS
- 5.18.4 IMPACT ON COUNTRY/REGION
- 5.18.4.1 US
- 5.18.4.2 Asia Pacific
- 5.18.4.3 Europe
- 5.18.5 IMPACT ON END-USE INDUSTRIES
6 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY APPLICATION TECHNIQUE
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 SPRAY
- 6.2.1 HIGH-BUILD THICKNESS, UNIFORM COVERAGE, AND RAPID PRODUCTIVITY TO DRIVE MARKET
- 6.3 BRUSH & ROLLER
- 6.3.1 MINIMIZING MATERIAL WASTAGE OR COATING DETAILED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS TO FUEL DEMAND
7 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY SUBSTRATE
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 STRUCTURAL STEEL & CAST IRON
- 7.2.1 RISING STEEL CONSUMPTION TO FUEL DEMAND
- 7.3 WOOD
- 7.3.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR WOOD TO ENHANCE FIRE SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY
- 7.4 OTHER SUBSTRATES
8 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY TYPE
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 THIN FILM INTUMESCENT COATINGS
- 8.2.1 RISING ADOPTION FOR EFFECTIVE FIRE PROTECTION AT LOW DRY FILM THICKNESSES TO BOOST MARKET
- 8.3 THICK FILM INTUMESCENT COATINGS
- 8.3.1 HIGH FIRE RESISTANCE FOR SUBSTRATES EXPOSED TO FIRE EXPOSURE TO DRIVE DEMAND
9 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION
- 9.2.1 SAFETY REGULATIONS AND DEMAND FOR RETROFITTING TO BOOST MARKET
- 9.3 INDUSTRIAL
- 9.3.1 DEMAND FOR COATINGS WITHSTANDING HYDROCARBON POOL FIRES AND HIGH-FLUX JET FIRES TO FUEL MARKET
- 9.4 AEROSPACE
- 9.4.1 RISING DEMAND FOR FIRE-RESISTANT AND LIGHTWEIGHT COATINGS TO PROPEL MARKET
- 9.5 OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES
10 INTUMESCENT COATINGS MARKET, BY REGION
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 NORTH AMERICA
- 10.2.1 US
- 10.2.1.1 Growth in housing and aerospace sector to boost market
- 10.2.2 CANADA
- 10.2.2.1 Rising construction and aerospace activity to drive demand
- 10.2.3 MEXICO
- 10.2.3.1 Growth of construction and aerospace sectors to drive market
- 10.3 EUROPE
- 10.3.1 GERMANY
- 10.3.1.1 Energy-sector investments and renovation initiatives to fuel demand
- 10.3.2 FRANCE
- 10.3.2.1 Expansion of aeronautical sector to provide market opportunities
- 10.3.3 ITALY
- 10.3.3.1 Increasing renovation activities to drive market
- 10.3.4 UK
- 10.3.4.1 New housing development to propel market growth
- 10.3.5 SPAIN
- 10.3.5.1 Boosting affordable and social housing and investments in oil & gas sector to propel growth
- 10.3.6 REST OF EUROPE
- 10.4 ASIA PACIFIC
- 10.4.1 CHINA
- 10.4.1.1 Growth of construction, industrial, and aerospace sectors to drive demand
- 10.4.2 INDIA
- 10.4.2.1 Rapid expansion of construction, industrial, and aerospace sectors to accelerate demand
- 10.4.3 JAPAN
- 10.4.3.1 Urban redevelopment initiatives and industrial and aerospace sectors to propel market
- 10.4.4 AUSTRALIA
- 10.4.4.1 Rising demand from infrastructure, energy, and defense sectors to drive demand
- 10.4.5 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
- 10.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 10.5.1 GCC COUNTRIES
- 10.5.2 SAUDI ARABIA
- 10.5.2.1 Significant industrial expansion, infrastructure development, and growth of end-use industries to drive demand
- 10.5.3 UAE
- 10.5.3.1 Expansion of real estate sector and growth of oil & gas industry to drive demand
- 10.5.4 REST OF GCC COUNTRIES
- 10.5.5 SOUTH AFRICA
- 10.5.5.1 Government investments and energy projects to boost demand
- 10.5.6 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
- 10.6 SOUTH AMERICA
- 10.6.1 BRAZIL
- 10.6.1.1 Expanding automotive, agricultural, chemical, steel, metallurgy, mining, and petrochemical sectors to propel demand
- 10.6.2 ARGENTINA
- 10.6.2.1 Growing large-scale infrastructure investments and oil & gas sector to drive demand
- 10.6.3 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 11.1 OVERVIEW
- 11.2 KEY PLAYERS STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN
- 11.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2020-2024
- 11.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
- 11.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
- 11.6 FINANCIAL METRICS
- 11.7 BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON
- 11.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
- 11.8.1 STARS
- 11.8.2 EMERGING LEADERS
- 11.8.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
- 11.8.4 PARTICIPANTS
- 11.8.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
- 11.8.5.1 Company footprint
- 11.8.5.2 Region footprint
- 11.8.5.3 Type footprint
- 11.8.5.4 Substrate footprint
- 11.8.5.5 Application technique footprint
- 11.8.5.6 End-use industry footprint
- 11.9 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
- 11.9.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
- 11.9.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
- 11.9.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES
- 11.9.4 STARTING BLOCKS
- 11.9.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
- 11.9.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs
- 11.9.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs
- 11.10 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
- 11.10.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES
- 11.10.2 DEALS
- 11.10.3 EXPANSIONS
12 COMPANY PROFILES
- 12.1 KEY PLAYERS
- 12.1.1 SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
- 12.1.1.1 Business overview
- 12.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.1.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.1.3.1 Product launches
- 12.1.1.3.2 Deals
- 12.1.1.3.3 Expansions
- 12.1.1.4 MnM view
- 12.1.1.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.2 PPG
- 12.1.2.1 Business overview
- 12.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.2.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.2.3.1 Product launches
- 12.1.2.4 MnM view
- 12.1.2.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.3 AKZONOBEL
- 12.1.3.1 Business overview
- 12.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.3.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.3.3.1 Product launches
- 12.1.3.3.2 Deals
- 12.1.3.3.3 Expansions
- 12.1.3.3.4 Other developments
- 12.1.3.4 MnM view
- 12.1.3.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.4 JOTUN
- 12.1.4.1 Business overview
- 12.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.4.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.4.3.1 Product launches
- 12.1.4.3.2 Expansions
- 12.1.4.3.3 Other developments
- 12.1.4.4 MnM view
- 12.1.4.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.5 HEMPEL A/S
- 12.1.5.1 Business overview
- 12.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.5.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.5.3.1 Product launches
- 12.1.5.3.2 Deals
- 12.1.5.3.3 Expansions
- 12.1.5.3.4 Other developments
- 12.1.5.4 MnM view
- 12.1.5.4.1 Right to win
- 12.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats
- 12.1.6 RPM INTERNATIONAL INC.
- 12.1.6.1 Business overview
- 12.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.6.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.6.4 MnM view
- 12.1.7 SIKA
- 12.1.7.1 Business overview
- 12.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.7.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.7.4 MnM view
- 12.1.8 KANSAI PAINT CO., LTD
- 12.1.8.1 Business overview
- 12.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.8.3 MnM view
- 12.1.9 ETEX
- 12.1.9.1 Business overview
- 12.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.9.3 MnM view
- 12.1.10 TEKNOS
- 12.1.10.1 Business overview
- 12.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered
- 12.1.10.3 Recent developments
- 12.1.10.4 MnM view
- 12.2 OTHER PLAYERS
- 12.2.1 ISOLATEK INTERNATIONAL
- 12.2.2 CONTEGO INTERNATIONAL INC.
- 12.2.3 ENVIROGRAF
- 12.2.4 FIREFREE COATINGS, INC.
- 12.2.5 RUDOLF HENSEL GMBH
- 12.2.6 NO-BURN, INC.
- 12.2.7 HILTI GROUP
- 12.2.8 UGAM CHEMICALS
- 12.2.9 SUNANDA SPECIALITY COATINGS PVT. LTD.
- 12.2.10 AITHON RICERCHE INTERNATIONAL
- 12.2.11 IRIS COATINGS
- 12.2.12 CHARCOAT PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION INC.
- 12.2.13 CHUGOKU MARINE PAINTS, LTD.
- 12.2.14 VITON S.R.O.
- 12.2.15 QUANTUM CHEMICAL
13 ADJACENT & RELATED MARKET
- 13.1 INTRODUCTION
- 13.2 FIRE-RESISTANT COATINGS MARKET
- 13.2.1 MARKET DEFINITION
- 13.2.2 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 13.2.3 FIRE-RESISTANT COATINGS MARKET, BY TYPE
- 13.2.4 FIRE-RESISTANT COATINGS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- 13.2.5 FIRE-RESISTANT MARKET, BY REGION
14 APPENDIX
- 14.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
- 14.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS' SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL
- 14.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS
- 14.4 RELATED REPORTS
- 14.5 AUTHOR DETAILS