液壓法蘭配件市場報告：2031 年趨勢、預測與競爭分析

全球液壓法蘭配件市場前景光明，得益於航運、化工和石油市場的機會。預計2025年至2031年期間，全球液壓法蘭配件市場的複合年成長率將達到5.2%。該市場的主要驅動力包括流體控制需求的不斷成長、重型機械應用的不斷成長以及基礎設施投資的不斷增加。

• Lucintel 預測，根據類型，碳鋼預計在預測期內將出現高速成長。
• 從應用角度來看，石油預計將實現最高成長。
• 根據地區來看，預計亞太地區將在預測期內實現最高成長。

液壓法蘭配件市場的新趨勢

由於技術創新、行業需求變化以及環保意識的增強，液壓法蘭配件市場正在改變。許多新興趨勢正在決定其未來發展方向。

• 標準化和互通性：液壓法蘭使用 SAE 和 ISO 等國際標準日益成為趨勢。這種標準化提高了不同公司生產的零件之間的互通性，使系統更易於設計、維護和更換。這降低了供應鏈的複雜性，並使不同應用領域的液壓系統整合更加簡單。例如，SAE 法蘭的通用使得全球各種油壓設備能夠使用一致的連接介面。
• 智慧整合解決方案：感測器和數位技術與液壓系統的融合，間接催生了對「智慧」法蘭配件的需求。儘管法蘭通常是被動元件，但監控連接點壓力和洩漏等系統性能的需求，未來可能會推動整合感測功能的引入。這一趨勢旨在提供液壓連接健康狀況的即時訊息，從而實現預測性維護並最佳化整體系統性能。
• 輕質高強度材料：如今，人們越來越重視使用具有卓越強度重量比的先進材料製造液壓法蘭配件。這包括應用特殊合金和複合材料來最大程度地減輕液壓系統的重量，這對於施工機械和農業機械等移動設備尤其重要，從而提高燃油經濟性並減少設備的環境足跡。
• 改進的密封技術：密封技術的持續發展對於液壓法蘭附件防止流體洩漏至關重要，尤其是在高壓應用中。新型墊片材料和創新的法蘭設計能夠實現更安全、更可靠的密封，是關鍵趨勢。這減少了液壓油的損失和環境污染，並提高了液壓系統的效率和安全性。例如，多唇密封件和特殊設計的凹槽越來越受歡迎。
• 耐腐蝕是關鍵：在大多數工業應用中，液壓系統暴露於高腐蝕性環境和腐蝕性物質。因此，對採用不銹鋼等耐腐蝕材料和特殊塗層製成的液壓法蘭配件的需求日益成長。這一趨勢可以延長零件壽命，降低維護成本，並確保液壓系統在惡劣條件下（尤其是在海洋、化學和海上環境中）正常運作。

這些新趨勢正在推動材料、設計和整合領域的創新，並一舉改變了液壓法蘭配件市場。標準化、更智慧的設計、更輕的重量、更佳的密封性以及對耐腐蝕性的重視，正在為各行各業打造更高效、更可靠、更環保的液壓系統。

液壓法蘭配件市場的最新趨勢

液壓法蘭配件產業正在經歷一系列重大發展，以提高液壓系統的性能、安全性和效率。

• 快速連接法蘭系統的開發：為了最大限度地減少維護和更換造成的停機時間，我們正在開發快速連接法蘭系統。這種設計可以快速便捷地連接和斷開液壓管路，無需笨重的螺栓連接，在需要頻繁重新配置和維護系統的應用場合，大大提高了工作效率。
• 推出高壓法蘭夾：為了適應超高壓應用，各公司正在推出新型法蘭夾設計，這種法蘭夾比傳統的螺栓法蘭提供更牢固、更安全的連接，最大限度地降低重型設備和工業壓力機中高應力液壓系統發生洩漏和故障的風險。
• 法蘭密封材料的發展：材料科學的進步推動了液壓法蘭先進密封材料的研發。這些新材料增強了耐高溫、耐腐蝕和耐磨損性能，使液壓連接在嚴苛的使用條件下更持久耐用、更有效率地運作。
• 整合洩漏檢測技術：為了解決環境問題並提高系統可靠性，我們開發了多種整合式洩漏偵測功能的先進液壓法蘭配件。這些系統可以提前預警潛在洩漏，從而實現主動維護，並防止關鍵液壓油的流失和環境污染。
• 量身訂製的法蘭解決方案：市場需要客製化的液壓法蘭配件，以滿足個人化應用的需求。供應商提供更靈活的設計和製造能力，以滿足航太、機器人和特種製造等行業專用液壓系統的特定需求。

這些突破性的創新正在對液壓法蘭附件市場產生巨大的影響，提升了運作效率，增強了高壓應用的安全性，延長了設備壽命，改善了環境，並滿足了特定產業需求。對連接設計、密封材料技術和複合材料技術創新的關注，正推動著產業邁向更現代化、更可靠的油壓設備邁進。

目錄

第1章執行摘要

第2章全球液壓法蘭配件市場：市場動態

• 簡介、背景和分類
• 供應鏈
• 產業驅動力與挑戰

第3章 2019-2031 年市場趨勢與預測分析

• 宏觀經濟趨勢（2019-2024）及預測（2025-2031）
• 全球液壓法蘭配件市場趨勢（2019-2024）及預測（2025-2031）
• 全球液壓法蘭配件市場（按類型）
  • 碳鋼
  • 不銹鋼
• 全球液壓法蘭配件市場（按應用）
  • 船運
  • 化學
  • 油

第4章 2019 - 2031 年各地區市場趨勢及預測分析

• 全球液壓法蘭配件市場（按區域）
• 北美液壓法蘭配件市場
• 歐洲液壓法蘭配件市場
• 亞太液壓法蘭配件市場
• 世界其他地區液壓法蘭配件市場

第5章 競爭分析

• 產品系列分析
• 營運整合
• 波特五力分析

第6章 成長機會與策略分析

• 成長機會分析
  • 全球液壓法蘭配件市場成長機會（按類型）
  • 全球液壓法蘭配件市場成長機會（按應用）
  • 全球液壓法蘭配件市場各區域成長機會
• 全球液壓法蘭配件市場的新趨勢
• 戰略分析
  • 新產品開發
  • 全球液壓法蘭配件市場產能擴張
  • 全球液壓法蘭配件市場合併、收購、合資企業
  • 認證和許可

第7章主要企業簡介

• Parker Hannifin
• Eaton
• Bosch Rexroth
• SANNKE
• Fitsch
• Main Manufacturing
• PEHEL Hydraulic
• VAISHNAVI HYDRAULICS
• Dixon Valve
• Tompkins Industries

The future of the global hydraulic flange accessory market looks promising with opportunities in the shipping, chemical, and petroleum markets. The global hydraulic flange accessory market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 5.2% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are the increasing demand for fluid control, the rising use in heavy machinery, and the growing investment in infrastructure.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, carbon steel is expected to witness higher growth over the forecast period.
• Within the application category, petroleum is expected to witness the highest growth.
• In terms of region, APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

Gain valuable insights for your business decisions with our comprehensive 150+ page report. Sample figures with some insights are shown below.

Emerging Trends in the Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market

The hydraulic flange accessory market is changing due to technological innovation, shifting industry requirements, and growing environmental consciousness. A number of emerging trends are defining its future trajectory.

• Standardization and Interoperability: There is an increasing trend towards the use of international standards, e.g., SAE and ISO, for hydraulic flanges. Such standardization leads to greater interoperability between parts manufactured by different companies, making system design, maintenance, and replacement easier. The result is less complexity in supply chains and simpler integration of hydraulic systems between different applications. For example, commonality in the use of SAE flanges enables a consistent connection interface on various hydraulic equipment worldwide.
• Intelligent and Integrated Solutions: The embedding of sensors and digital technologies in hydraulic systems is indirectly creating demand for "smart" flange accessories. Although flanges are generally passive components, the necessity for monitoring system performance, such as pressure and leakage at connection points, could provide the impetus to include integrated sensing capabilities in the future. This trend seeks to optimize predictive maintenance and overall system performance by offering real-time information on the health of hydraulic connections.
• Lightweight and High-Strength Materials: There is growing emphasis on creating hydraulic flange accessories with advanced materials that provide a superior strength-to-weight ratio. This involves the application of specialized alloys and composite materials to minimize the weight of hydraulic systems, especially critical in mobile equipment such as construction and farm equipment. The effect is enhanced fuel efficiency and lower environmental footprint of the equipment.
• Improved Sealing Technologies: On-going development of sealing technologies is important for hydraulic flange accessories to avoid fluid leakage, particularly in high-pressure applications. Evolving new materials for gaskets and new and innovative flange designs that can seal more safely and reliably are important trends. This reduces loss of fluid, contamination of the environment, and increases the efficiency and safety of hydraulic systems. For instance, multi-lip seals and grooves of a specialized design are gaining popularity.
• Corrosion Resistance Focus: In most industrial applications, hydraulic systems are subjected to aggressive environments and corrosive materials. As a result, the demand for hydraulic flange accessories constructed from corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel and specialized coatings is on the rise. This trend increases the components' lifespan, lowers maintenance expenses, and provides assurance of hydraulic system operation in demanding conditions, especially in marine, chemical processing, and offshore environments.

These new trends are all collectively transforming the hydraulic flange accessory market by spurring innovation in materials, design, and integration. The emphasis on standardization, smartness, lightweighting, improved sealing, and corrosion resistance is producing more efficient, reliable, and eco-friendly hydraulic systems across a range of industries.

Recent Developments in the Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market

The hydraulic flange accessory industry is experiencing a number of significant developments to enhance performance, safety, and efficiency of hydraulic systems.

• Development of Quick-Connect Flange Systems: For minimizing downtime for maintenance and replacement, increasing development of quick-connect flange systems is taking place. The designs enable quicker and more convenient connection and disconnection of hydraulic lines without the requirement of significant bolting, greatly enhancing operating efficiency in applications where frequent system reconfiguring or maintenance is necessary.
• High-Pressure Flange Clamps Introduction: To meet applications of very high pressure, companies are introducing new designs of flange clamps. These offer a stronger and more secure connection than conventional bolted flanges and minimize leakage and failure risk in high-stress hydraulic systems applied in heavy machinery and industrial presses.
• Developments in Flange Sealing Materials: Advances in material science have resulted in the creation of advanced sealing materials for hydraulic flanges. These newer materials provide enhanced resistance to high temperatures, hostile chemicals, and wear, allowing hydraulic connections to have a longer lifespan and perform more effectively in harsh operating conditions.
• Integration of Leak Detection Technologies: To address environmental concerns and improve system reliability, some advanced hydraulic flange accessories are being developed with integrated leak detection capabilities. These systems can provide early warnings of potential leaks, allowing for proactive maintenance and preventing significant fluid loss and environmental contamination.
• Tailored Flange Solutions: The market demands customized hydraulic flange accessories suited to the needs of individual applications. Suppliers are providing more versatile design and manufacturing capabilities to address the specific requirements of specialized hydraulic systems for industries such as aerospace, robotics, and specialized manufacturing industries.

These major breakthroughs are dynamically affecting the market for hydraulic flange accessories through the provision of solutions that bring improved operational effectiveness, safety to high-pressure application, longer equipment life, green issues, and solutions for industry-specific requirements. The emphasis placed on innovation relating to connection designs, sealing compound technology, and combined technologies is compelling the industry toward more modern and dependable hydraulics.

Strategic Growth Opportunities in the Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market

The hydraulic flange accessory industry offers a number of strategic opportunities for growth by concentrating on the unique requirements and changing needs of major application segments.

• Renewable Energy Industry: The fast-growing renewable energy industry, wind and solar power, presents a large growth potential. Wind turbine pitch control and solar panel tracking systems apply hydraulic systems, which need strong and dependable flange fittings that can tolerate outdoor conditions and guarantee efficient operation in the long term. Creating corrosion-resistant and high-wear-resistant flange solutions specifically designed for such applications can seize an expanding market share.
• Agriculture and Forestry Equipment: Mechanization in the agriculture and forestry industries creates a huge growth opportunity for hydraulic flange accessories. Equipment within these industries is used in challenging conditions, demanding highly durable and leak-free hydraulic fittings. Creating rapid-connect and heavy-duty flanges that are able to handle vibration, shock, and exposure to dust and water can fulfill the particular demands of this market.
• Material Handling and Logistics: The expanding material handling and logistics sector, fueled by e-commerce and automation, depends on hydraulic systems in forklifts, cranes, and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). A need is emerging for lightweight, compact, and dependable hydraulic flange accessories that enhance the efficiency and safety of these operations. Creating integrated and compact flange designs can be an essential growth strategy.
• Offshore and Subsea Applications: The harsh conditions of offshore and subsea oil and gas production provide a considerable opportunity for hydraulic flange accessories of a special type. Such applications demand products with outstanding corrosion resistance, high-pressure capabilities, and sealing reliability. The creation of flange solutions based on advanced materials such as super alloys and designing fail-safe sealing properties can satisfy the urgent demands of this market.
• Robotics and Automation: Fast expansion of automation and robotics across industries offers a strategic advantage to compact and precise hydraulic flange accessories. Robotics and automation demand lightweight and compact components that support safe and smooth fluid transfer within complex hydraulic systems. Miniature and highly precise flange designs can meet the unique requirements of sophisticated robotic solutions.

These strategic growth prospects emphasize the need to customize hydraulic flange accessory development to meet the specific needs of various application segments. Through emphasis on durability, reliability, efficiency, and particular environmental and operational issues in each industry, manufacturers can leverage growing markets and propel growth.

Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market Driver and Challenges

The hydraulic flange accessory industry is influenced by several technological, economic, and regulatory factors that serve as drivers of growth as well as pose substantial challenges.

The factors responsible for driving the hydraulic flange accessory market include:

1. Industrialization and Infrastructure Growth: The current industrialization in emerging economies and heavy investments in infrastructure development across the globe are major drivers for the hydraulic flange accessory market. These processes raise the demand for hydraulic equipment in industries such as construction, manufacturing, and transportation, thereby propelling the demand for trustworthy flange accessories.

2. Growing Adoption of Hydraulic Systems: Hydraulic systems are used in a wide range of applications because they are powerful, efficient, and have high power density. More industries become aware of these advantages and incorporate hydraulic technology into equipment and processes, the demand for hydraulic components such as flanges grows.

3. Safety and Environmental Regulations: Increasing focus on safety and environmental protection is pushing the demand for leak-free hydraulic flange accessories with superior quality. Safety regulations to reduce fluid leakage and secure operation drive the need for dependable and well-designed connection solutions.

4. Advances in Hydraulic Technology: Ongoing advances in hydraulic system design and functionality, including higher working pressures and more sophisticated circuits, require the evolution of compatible and sophisticated flange accessories that can fill these changing requirements.

5. Expansion in Major End-Use Industries: Expansion of significant end-use industries such as oil and gas, agriculture, mining, and material handling directly affects the demand for hydraulic flange accessories utilized in their respective equipment and operations.

Challenges in the hydraulic flange accessory market are:

1. Price Sensitivity and Competition: The hydraulic flange accessory market may be price-sensitive, especially in the case of countries having a high concentration of local manufacturers providing cheaper solutions. High competition may strain profit margins and discourage the use of more sophisticated though possibly costlier solutions.

2. Standardization and Quality Control Requirements: Inadequate standards and ineffective quality control from various manufacturers and locations may become an issue. Quality and performance variability in flange accessories may cause system failure and safety issues, stalling market development for surety-based products.

3. Integration with Advanced Hydraulic Technologies: The growing adoption of digital technologies and smart features in hydraulic systems poses a challenge for conventional flange accessories. Synchronizing with or working with such advanced systems may involve new designs or functionality.

In summary, the hydraulic flange accessory market is fueled by industrial development, inherent benefits of hydraulic systems, regulations, and advances in technology. Nevertheless, there are challenges to be overcome such as price sensitivity, standardization, integration with emerging technologies, supply chain uncertainty, and the availability of labor skills to achieve sustained and solid market growth.

List of Hydraulic Flange Accessory Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies hydraulic flange accessory companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the hydraulic flange accessory companies profiled in this report include-

• Parker Hannifin
• Eaton
• Bosch Rexroth
• SANNKE
• Fitsch
• Main Manufacturing
• PEHEL Hydraulic
• VAISHNAVI HYDRAULICS
• Dixon Valve
• Tompkins Industries

Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global hydraulic flange accessory market by type, application, and region.

Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Type [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Carbon Steel
• Stainless Steel

Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Application [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Shipping
• Chemical
• Petroleum

Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Region [Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market

Recent developments in the hydraulic flange accessory market are closely related to the general growth and trends of the wider hydraulic systems and components market. As construction, agricultural, manufacturing, and oil and gas industries continue to expand and develop, there is greater demand for efficient and reliable hydraulic systems, including necessary accessories such as flanges. Current developments target improved performance, longer life, and safety of these accessories, as well as the creation of intelligent and integrated solutions. Issues of environmentalism and the demand for higher efficiency are also driving innovation in this field.

• United States: The United States market for hydraulic flange accessories is mature but growing steadily due to massive investment in infrastructure and growth in the manufacturing and construction industries. Recent innovations involve a concentration on high-performance materials to endure rigorous operating conditions and harsh temperatures. There is also a growing use of standardized flange designs, like SAE flanges, to provide interoperability and ease of replacement. In addition, US manufacturers are focusing on improved safety features and adherence to strict industry regulations.
• China: The Chinese market for hydraulic flange accessories is dominated by high-speed growth, driven by enormous infrastructure projects and a rapidly growing manufacturing sector. Developments of late include increased capacities for domestic production to cater to the rising demand. Though cost competitiveness continues to be an important consideration, increasingly, the focus is on enhancing the quality and reliability of hydraulic items, such as flanges, in accordance with global standards. The market is also experiencing the rise of local players supplying a broad range of flange accessories.
• Germany: Germany has a leading role in the hydraulic flange accessory market due to its excellent engineering and technology base. The recent trends are geared towards innovative designs that provide enhanced sealing performance with lower leakage, meeting environmental norms. There is also a movement towards the development of lightweight yet strong flange accessories made of advanced materials. German producers tend to be in the lead in incorporating smart technologies for monitoring and predictive maintenance of hydraulic systems, thus indirectly influencing the demand for advanced flange accessories.
• India: The Indian market for hydraulic flange accessories is witnessing considerable growth, stimulated by growing investments in infrastructure development, mechanization of agriculture, and growth in the industrial sector. Recent trends include a growing demand for cost-effective but dependable hydraulic components. Even as global standards become popular, a huge market remains for locally made flange accessories. The market is also gradually shifting towards higher quality products with the increasing consciousness among end-users of the importance of efficient and long-lasting hydraulic systems.
• Japan: Japan's market for hydraulic flange accessories is marked by strict focus on precision engineering and quality materials. Some recent trends involve the creation of specially designed flanges for severe applications, such as robotics and high-end manufacturing. There is also a trend towards lightweight and compact hydraulic components. Japanese industry is renowned for its insistence upon rigorous quality checks and for its capability to manufacture extremely reliable and durable flange accessories.

Features of the Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market

Market Size Estimates: Hydraulic flange accessory market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Hydraulic flange accessory market size by type, application, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Hydraulic flange accessory market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different type, application, and regions for the hydraulic flange accessory market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the hydraulic flange accessory market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the hydraulic flange accessory market by type (carbon steel and stainless steel), application (shipping, chemical, and petroleum), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: Carbon Steel
  • 3.3.2: Stainless Steel
• 3.4: Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Application
  • 3.4.1: Shipping
  • 3.4.2: Chemical
  • 3.4.3: Petroleum

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by Application: Shipping, Chemical, and Petroleum
• 4.3: European Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel
  • 4.3.2: European Market by Application: Shipping, Chemical, and Petroleum
• 4.4: APAC Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by Application: Shipping, Chemical, and Petroleum
• 4.5: ROW Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by Application: Shipping, Chemical, and Petroleum

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Application
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Hydraulic Flange Accessory Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: Parker Hannifin
• 7.2: Eaton
• 7.3: Bosch Rexroth
• 7.4: SANNKE
• 7.5: Fitsch
• 7.6: Main Manufacturing
• 7.7: PEHEL Hydraulic
• 7.8: VAISHNAVI HYDRAULICS
• 7.9: Dixon Valve
• 7.10: Tompkins Industries