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1844052

胸骨閉合系統市場：按產品類型、材料、應用、最終用戶和分銷管道 - 2025 年至 2032 年全球預測

Sternal Closure Systems Market by Product Type, Material, Application, End User, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2032
出版日期: | 出版商: 360iResearch | 英文 182 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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預計到 2032 年，胸骨閉合系統市場將成長 71.8 億美元，複合年成長率為 13.17%。

主要市場統計數據
基準年2024年 26.6億美元
預計2025年 30.1億美元
預測年份：2032年 71.8億美元
複合年成長率（%） 13.17%

胸骨閉合系統、臨床促進因素和手術優先順序的權威指導，影響手術環境中設備的選擇和採用

胸骨閉合系統是心臟和胸腔外科手術中病人安全和手術效果的基礎，其設計的演變反映了人們在平衡動態穩定性、易於放置和降低長期併發症方面不斷做出的努力。臨床醫生和醫療保健系統越來越需要能夠支持更快康復、最大限度地減少再次干預，同時減少術後併發症（例如胸骨撕脫和縱隔炎）的設備。因此，設備創新正在從傳統的配線轉向人工板、棒和複合材料結構，這些結構能夠以更可預測的方式與骨骼和軟組織相互作用。

此外，材料科學、製造和影像引導植入技術的進步拓展了外科醫生和採購團隊可用的戰術性選擇。這些發展也伴隨著醫院採購要求的轉變，強調基於價值的成果和生命週期成本核算，而不僅僅是單位成本。因此，相關人員在評估胸骨閉合解決方案時，必須考慮臨床證據、效用、滅菌途徑和供應鏈可靠性。

從傳統方法過渡到現代固定技術需要心臟外科醫生、生物醫學工程師和供應鏈領導者之間的多學科合作。本引言將重點放在影響胸骨閉合領域產品開發和應用動態的關鍵臨床因素和操作限制，為後續討論奠定基礎。

材料創新、不斷發展的手術技術和價值主導的採購如何催化胸骨固定裝置和商業策略的新時代

在生物材料、外科技術和醫療保健系統採購行為創新的推動下，胸骨閉合裝置的市場格局正在轉變。新型聚合物和纖維增強複合材料正挑戰不銹鋼和鈦合金，它們不僅具有良好的抗疲勞性，減少了骨界面的刺激，還能實現更薄的結構，從而促進傷口縫合併提高患者舒適度。同時，積層製造和精密加工等先進製造技術能夠實現客製化幾何形狀和多孔表面拓撲結構，從而促進骨整合並實現可預測的負載分佈。

同時，臨床實踐正朝著微創和混合方法發展，這些方法對閉合系統施加了不同的機械和空間限制。外科醫生正在尋求能夠容納更小入路、提供可重複張緊、並與術中成像和導航工作流程整合的解決方案。在商業方面，數位管道和基於價值的採購模式正在重塑分銷和合約簽訂，迫使製造商改進銷售策略，提供強大的臨床培訓項目，並製定基於結果的服務提案。

這種轉變既帶來了機遇，也帶來了複雜性。那些將材料創新與清晰的臨床證據和精簡的物流相結合的公司將更有能力影響醫療標準，而那些在展示可重複性結果和確保供應連續性方面落後的公司則可能在應用方面面臨阻力。

評估美國近期的關稅行動如何促使胸骨器械供應鏈重組、採購調整以及臨床可用性考慮

美國近期的關稅調整和貿易政策變化，提升了供應鏈韌性對醫療設備製造商及其臨床客戶的戰略重要性。這些措施加劇了與進口成品和關鍵原料相關的累積成本壓力，迫使製造商重新評估其採購佈局，協商更複雜的供應商契約，並在可行的情況下優先考慮國內或近岸生產。因此，採購團隊面臨前置作業時間和到岸成本波動性的加劇，醫院和綜合配送網路也更加重視供應商的可靠性和庫存規劃。

為了因應不斷變化的貿易環境，一些製造商正在推行垂直整合或多元化供應商基礎，以減輕關稅的影響。這些方法包括增加金屬和聚合物供應商、整合貨運以最大限度地提高關稅效率，以及投資庫存緩衝以減輕間歇性海關延誤的影響。重要的是，這些調整也會對臨床應用產生下游影響。醫院可能更傾向於選擇那些供應連續性良好且成本結構透明的供應商生產的醫療設備，而臨床醫生則可能優先考慮那些即使生產地點發生變化也能保持性能和無菌標準的醫療設備。

此外，過渡期的複雜性，例如在新地點生產的零件的重新認證、關稅待遇的文件要求以及不斷變化的海關程序，正在增加製造商和經銷商的行政負擔。積極投資於合規能力並與醫療系統合作夥伴進行協作預測的相關人員將能夠更好地吸收關稅相關的衝擊並保持臨床可用性。

發現產品架構、材料、臨床應用、最終用戶和通路的細微細分，以指導有針對性的策略定位

特定節段的動態變化揭示了胸骨閉合領域工程方法和臨床應用的多樣性。產品類型差異涵蓋複合纜索系統、髓內棒、剛性板和傳統鋼絲結構。複合纜索的變體提供不同的操作和組織相互作用特性，而髓內解決方案則提供彎曲和直桿配置，這些配置會影響插入技術和負載傳遞。剛性板系統涵蓋單板到雙板配置，固定表面積和應力分佈各不相同，鋼絲按規格細分，提供粗規格和標準規格選項，以平衡拉伸強度和組織輪廓。

聚合物複合材料具有柔韌性和良好的疲勞性能，不銹鋼具有成熟的機械可靠性和成本效益，而鈦則具有較高的強度重量比和耐腐蝕性，受到某些患者群體的青睞。其應用範圍廣泛，包括冠狀動脈繞道手術手術、創傷修復和瓣膜置換術，每種手術都有不同的機械要求、感染風險狀況以及對外科醫生的操作要求。

門診手術中心、診所和醫院各自擁有獨特的庫存管理、臨床診療能力和合約框架，這些因素都會影響哪些設備可用於臨床實踐。分銷管道也影響著獲取和支持，例如直銷關係促進了外科醫生的培訓和服務，分銷商拓寬了產品系列，而線上銷售管道對於特定的小批量或輔助耗材也越來越重要。整合這些細分市場，可以發現有針對性的產品定位、差異化的臨床證據產生以及針對特定管道的商業性方法，以滿足每個相關人員的細微需求。

臨床能力、監管複雜性和供應鏈成熟度的地區差異要求對胸骨固定裝置採取差異化的商業和監管策略

地理動態顯著影響胸骨閉合系統的技術採用、法規遵循和供應鏈策略。美洲擁有高度集中的臨床卓越中心和整合的交付網路，創造了一個重視可靠臨床證據和服務連續性的需求環境。歐洲、中東和非洲的監管和採購環境差異較大，各國報銷政策和醫院採購行為有顯著差異，因此需要採取市場進入策略並與當地經銷商建立合作關係。

同時，亞太地區正展現出其臨床能力和強大製造能力的快速擴張，既創造了大量的需求，也帶來了本地生產機會。該地區不斷擴展的心臟外科手術基礎設施以及對基於結果的護理的日益重視，正在推動那些在縮短恢復時間和減少併發症表現出明顯優勢的技術的應用。在所有地區，跨境物流、進口監管要求和臨床標準正在影響器材設計和標籤需求，要求企業將其監管策略與區域臨床試驗計畫和上市後監測承諾一致。

最終，區域洞察凸顯了差異化上市藍圖的必要性，該藍圖將全球產品一致性與每個地區相關的臨床支援、法規遵循和供應鏈執行相匹配。

臨床關係、智慧財產權和夥伴關係夥伴關係的競爭格局動態將決定固定技術的採用軌跡

胸骨閉合器領域的競爭態勢體現了成熟的跨國醫療科技公司、專業設備製造商以及專注於材料科學和程序創新的敏捷新興企業的混合體。現有企業受益於深厚的臨床關係、廣泛的分銷網路以及外科團隊根深蒂固的產品知識，而新參與企業則往往憑藉其材料優勢、簡化的植入工作流程以及卓越的抗疲勞和抗感染能力展開競爭。在這種格局下，設備製造商、契約製造製造商和研究機構之間的策略聯盟日益普遍，從而實現了快速原型迭代和加速臨床檢驗。

智慧財產權仍然是一項關鍵資產，尤其對於差異化的固定機製或增強骨整合或減少生物膜形成的表面技術。同時，投資強大的上市後臨床註冊和真實世界證據計畫的公司，能夠強化其對注重結果透明度的醫院的價值提案。從商業性角度來看，將器材創新與全面的培訓、保固結構和供應保證相結合的公司更有可能獲得大型醫療系統的優先供應商地位。

隨著競爭加劇，合併、選擇性授權和定向收購是擴大產品系列和確保專有材料的最可行途徑。維持卓越營運、監管敏捷性和清晰的臨床實證敘述的公司最有可能獲得長期臨床應用和機構信任。

製造商和醫療保健系統需要採取切實可行的策略措施，協調材料創新、供應彈性和以證據主導的商業化，以實現長期採用

產業領導者應採取積極主動、多管齊下的策略，確保在胸骨閉合器市場中佔據競爭優勢。首先，他們應投資於材料研發，優先考慮抗疲勞性、生物相容性和低剖面設計，同時透過研究者主導的研究和多中心註冊研究，以取得嚴謹的臨床證據。這種對創新和證據的雙重關注，將減少實施過程中的摩擦，並支持與醫院簽訂基於價值的合約。

其次，多元化您的製造和籌資策略，以減輕關稅和供應中斷的影響。將關鍵工序近岸外包並篩選多家合格的材料供應商，將有助於您縮短前置作業時間並維持臨床可用性。第三，透過捆綁和提供服務包、外科醫生培訓和結果監測，使您的商業模式與買家偏好保持一致，從而解決醫療總成本而非僅僅關注單位成本的問題。第四，在產品開發的同時制定監管和品管路徑，使您能夠快速檢驗設備迭代，並以最小的延遲在多個司法管轄區上市。

最後，我們與臨床領導者和衛生系統採購團隊建立夥伴關係，共同製定實施通訊協定和上市後監測機制。透過整合臨床洞察力、供應鏈彈性和以價值鏈為中心的商業策略，產業領導者可以加速採用並與關鍵客戶保持長期關係。

透明的研究框架整合了臨床醫生訪談、監管機構審查、設備設計評估和供應鏈映射，提供了檢驗的策略見解

本分析整合了主要和次要調查方法，以確保獲得全面且檢驗的見解。主要研究包括對心臟外科醫生、採購負責人、生物醫學工程師和供應鏈經理的結構化訪談，以了解現實世界的臨床偏好、採購決策標準和物流限制。這些定性輸入與器械設計評審、監管文件審查以及同行評審臨床文獻評估相輔相成，以檢驗性能聲明和安全性。

二次研究包括系統性地回顧技術白皮書、標準指南和公開的監管文件，以繪製核准途徑和上市後義務。供應鏈圖譜繪製包括貿易數據分析和供應商分析，以識別關鍵的集中點和潛在的弱點。應用三角測量技術來協調不同資訊來源的研究結果，並突出與臨床醫生和商業性相關人員相關者相關的一致模式。

調查方法優先考慮透明度和可重複性，包括記錄訪談通訊協定、臨床研究的納入標準以及供應鏈評估前提條件。新材料和新程序的長期臨床結果數據可用性存在差異，導致對早期性能聲明的解讀較為保守。

關於臨床有效性、供應彈性和商業策略平衡的結論總結，以指導負責任地採用現代胸骨固定解決方案

最後，胸骨閉合系統代表了臨床需求、材料創新和商業策略的融合，其中患者療效和手術連續性同樣重要。隨著材料和製造技術的不斷發展，相關人員必須在技術性能與採購、培訓和法規遵循等實際需求之間取得平衡。新興的關稅趨勢進一步強調了彈性採購和靈活製造佈局的重要性，這將影響成本結構和採購偏好。

決策者應優先考慮那些有嚴謹臨床證據支持，並在製造環境和分銷管道中展現一致性的技術。此外，臨床負責人與營運領導者之間的合作將加速安全應用，並確保器械的選擇能有效改善術後療效。本文提供的全面見解旨在指導製造商、投資者和醫療保健系統領導者應對胸骨閉合領域的技術變革和商業性複雜性。

目錄

第1章：前言

第2章調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章 市場概況

第5章 市場洞察

  • 患者復健時間的縮短和併發症率的降低導致剛性固定系統的採用率不斷提高。
  • 可生物吸收胸骨閉合裝置的需求激增，該裝置可最大程度地減少異物的存在並促進骨骼癒合
  • 胸骨閉合系統整合智慧感測器技術，可即時監測穩定性和癒合情況
  • 設備製造商與醫療保健提供者之間的合作不斷擴大，以推動微創胸骨閉合技術
  • 新興國家胸骨閉合裝置市場的擴張是由心血管手術數量的增加和基礎設施的改善所推動的。
  • 監管部門的核准和簡審類加速了下一代胸骨閉合解決方案的推出
  • 開發抗菌塗層胸骨閉合植入以減少術後感染和住院時間
  • 專注於使用積層製造技術客製化針對特定患者的胸骨板系統

第6章：2025年美國關稅的累積影響

第7章：人工智慧的累積影響，2025年

第8章胸骨閉合系統市場（依產品類型）

  • 複合電纜
    • 編織線纜
    • 塗層電纜
  • 髓內棒
    • 彎桿
    • 直桿
  • 剛性板
    • 雙板
    • 單板
  • 鋼絲
    • 厚規格
    • 標準軌距

9. 胸骨閉合系統市場（依材料）

  • 聚合物複合材料
  • 不銹鋼
  • 鈦

第10章胸骨閉合系統市場（依應用）

  • 冠狀動脈繞道手術
  • 創傷
  • 瓣膜置換術

第 11 章。胸骨閉合系統市場（依最終用戶）

  • 門診手術中心
  • 診所
  • 醫院

第 12 章。胸骨閉合系統市場（依分銷通路）

  • 直銷
  • 經銷商
  • 網上銷售

第13章 胸骨閉合系統市場（按地區）

  • 美洲
    • 北美洲
    • 拉丁美洲
  • 歐洲、中東和非洲
    • 歐洲
    • 中東
    • 非洲
  • 亞太地區

第 14 章 胸骨閉合系統市場（依類別）

  • ASEAN
  • GCC
  • EU
  • BRICS
  • G7
  • NATO

第 15 章。 胸骨閉合系統市場（依國家）

  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
  • 巴西
  • 英國
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 俄羅斯
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 澳洲
  • 韓國

第16章競爭格局

  • 2024年市佔率分析
  • 2024年FPNV定位矩陣
  • 競爭分析
    • Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc.
    • Johnson & Johnson
    • Medtronic plc
    • MicroPort Scientific Corporation
    • Sterna Medical AG
    • KLS Martin Group GmbH & Co. KG
    • Teleflex Incorporated
    • Kinamed Incorporated
    • IDEAR SRL
    • Able Medical Devices
Product Code: MRR-AD36CD89832B

The Sternal Closure Systems Market is projected to grow by USD 7.18 billion at a CAGR of 13.17% by 2032.

KEY MARKET STATISTICS
Base Year [2024] USD 2.66 billion
Estimated Year [2025] USD 3.01 billion
Forecast Year [2032] USD 7.18 billion
CAGR (%) 13.17%

An authoritative orientation to sternal closure systems, clinical drivers, and operational priorities shaping device selection and adoption across surgical settings

Sternal closure systems underpin patient safety and surgical outcomes in cardiac and thoracic procedures, and their design evolution reflects a continuous effort to balance biomechanical stability, ease of implantation, and long-term morbidity reduction. Clinicians and health systems increasingly demand devices that reduce postoperative complications such as sternal dehiscence and mediastinitis while supporting faster recovery and minimizing re-intervention. Consequently, device innovation has moved beyond traditional steel wiring toward engineered plates, rods, and composite constructs that interact with bone and soft tissue in more predictable ways.

Moreover, technological advances in materials science, manufacturing, and imaging-guided implantation have expanded the tactical options available to surgeons and procurement teams. These developments have been accompanied by changing hospital procurement imperatives that emphasize value-based outcomes and lifecycle costing rather than unit price alone. As a result, stakeholders must consider clinical evidence, usability, sterilization pathways, and supply chain reliability when assessing sternal closure solutions.

Transitioning from legacy approaches to contemporary fixation techniques requires multidisciplinary alignment among cardiac surgeons, biomedical engineers, and supply chain leaders. This introduction frames the subsequent discussion by highlighting the key clinical drivers and operational constraints that shape product development and adoption dynamics in the sternal closure domain.

How material innovation, surgical technique evolution, and value-driven procurement are catalyzing a new era of sternal fixation devices and commercial strategies

The landscape for sternal closure devices is undergoing transformative shifts driven by innovations in biomaterials, surgical technique, and health system purchasing behavior. New polymers and fiber-reinforced composites are challenging stainless steel and titanium by offering favorable fatigue resistance and reduced irritation at bone interfaces, and concurrently enabling lower-profile constructs that facilitate wound closure and patient comfort. At the same time, advanced manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing and precision machining have enabled bespoke geometries and porous surface topologies that promote osteointegration and predictable load distribution.

Concurrently, clinical practice is evolving toward minimally invasive and hybrid approaches that impose different mechanical and spatial constraints on closure systems. Surgeons are requesting solutions that accommodate smaller access ports, deliver reproducible tensioning, and integrate with intraoperative imaging and navigation workflows. On the commercial front, digital channels and value-based procurement models are reshaping distribution and contracting, prompting manufacturers to refine sales strategies, provide robust clinical training programs, and offer outcome-based service propositions.

Taken together, these shifts create both opportunity and complexity. Companies that align material innovation with clear clinical evidence and streamlined logistics will be better positioned to influence standards of care, while those that lag in demonstrating reproducible outcomes or securing supply continuity may face adoption headwinds.

Assessing how recent United States tariff measures are prompting supply chain reconfiguration, procurement adaptation, and clinical availability considerations for sternal devices

Recent tariff adjustments and trade policy changes implemented in the United States have amplified the strategic importance of supply chain resilience for medical device manufacturers and their clinical customers. These measures have raised the cumulative cost pressure associated with importing finished devices and key raw materials, which in turn has encouraged manufacturers to reassess sourcing footprints, negotiate more complex supplier contracts, and prioritize domestic or near-shore production where feasible. As a result, procurement teams face increased variability in lead times and landed costs, prompting hospitals and integrated delivery networks to place greater emphasis on vendor reliability and inventory planning.

In response to the altered trade environment, several manufacturers have pursued vertical integration or diversified their supplier base to mitigate tariff exposure. This approach often includes qualifying additional metal and polymer suppliers, consolidating shipments to maximize tariff-efficient classification, and investing in inventory buffers to reduce exposure to intermittent customs delays. Importantly, these adaptive measures have downstream implications for clinical adoption: hospitals may prefer devices from suppliers with demonstrable supply continuity and transparent cost structures, while clinicians prioritize devices that maintain performance and sterility standards despite changes in production location.

Furthermore, transitional complexities such as re-certification of components produced at new sites, documentation requirements for tariff treatment, and evolving customs procedures have increased the administrative burden for manufacturers and distributors. Stakeholders that proactively invest in compliance capabilities and collaborative forecasting with health system partners will be better equipped to absorb tariff-related shocks and preserve clinical availability.

Unpacking nuanced segmentation across product architectures, materials, clinical applications, end users, and distribution pathways to guide targeted strategic positioning

Segment-specific dynamics illuminate the diversity of engineering approaches and clinical use cases within the sternal closure category. Product-type differentiation spans composite cable systems, intramedullary rods, rigid plates, and traditional steel wire constructs; within composite cables, braided and coated variants offer distinct handling and tissue interaction profiles, whereas intramedullary solutions present choices between curved and straight rod geometries that influence insertion technique and load transfer. Rigid plate systems range from single-plate to double-plate configurations that alter fixation surface area and stress distribution, and steel wire remains segmented by gauge, with heavy gauge and standard gauge options balancing tensile strength against tissue profile.

Material selection further delineates device behavior and clinical preference, with polymer composites offering flexibility and favorable fatigue properties, stainless steel providing established mechanical reliability and cost efficiency, and titanium presenting a high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance prized in certain patient cohorts. Application contexts vary across coronary artery bypass grafting, trauma repair, and valve replacement procedures, each imposing different mechanical demands, infection risk profiles, and surgeon handling expectations.

End-user environments influence purchasing pathways and usage patterns: ambulatory surgical centers, clinics, and hospitals each have distinctive inventory practices, clinical throughput, and contractual frameworks that affect which devices gain traction in practice. Distribution channels also shape access and support, as direct sales relationships can facilitate surgeon training and service, distributors may provide breadth across product portfolios, and online sales channels are increasingly relevant for certain low-volume or adjunctive consumables. Synthesizing these segmentation layers reveals opportunities for targeted product positioning, differentiated clinical evidence generation, and channel-specific commercial approaches that align with the nuanced needs of each stakeholder group.

Regional variations in clinical capacity, regulatory complexity, and supply chain maturity that demand differentiated commercialization and regulatory strategies for sternal fixation devices

Geographic dynamics significantly influence technology adoption, regulatory compliance, and supply chain strategy for sternal closure systems. In the Americas, concentrated clinical centers of excellence and integrated delivery networks create a demand environment that rewards robust clinical evidence and service continuity; consequently, manufacturers often prioritize clinical training programs and direct contracting mechanisms to gain traction. Europe, the Middle East & Africa present a heterogeneous regulatory landscape and procurement environment, where country-level reimbursement policies and hospital purchasing behaviors vary widely, prompting tailored market access approaches and partnerships with local distributors.

Meanwhile, Asia-Pacific exhibits rapid clinical capacity expansion and strong manufacturing capabilities, creating both high-volume demand and opportunities for local production. The region's expanding cardiac surgical infrastructure and growing focus on outcomes-based care encourage adoption of technologies that demonstrate clear benefits for recovery timelines and complication reduction. Across all regions, cross-border logistics, import regulatory requirements, and clinical standards shape device design and labeling needs; therefore, companies must align regulatory strategy with regional clinical trial planning and post-market surveillance commitments.

Ultimately, regional insights emphasize the need for differentiated go-to-market blueprints that reconcile global product consistency with locally relevant clinical support, regulatory compliance, and supply chain execution.

Competitive landscape dynamics driven by clinical relationships, intellectual property, and strategic partnerships that determine adoption trajectories for fixation technologies

Competitive dynamics in the sternal closure arena reflect a mix of established multinational medtech firms, specialized device manufacturers, and nimble startups focusing on material science or procedural innovation. Incumbent companies benefit from deep clinical relationships, broad distribution networks, and entrenched product familiarity among surgical teams, whereas newer entrants often compete by demonstrating material advantages, simplified implantation workflows, or superior fatigue and infection resistance. Across this landscape, strategic alliances between device manufacturers, contract manufacturers, and research institutions are increasingly common, enabling faster iteration of prototypes and acceleration of clinical validation.

Intellectual property remains a critical asset, particularly for differentiated fixation mechanisms and surface technologies that enhance osteointegration or reduce biofilm formation. In parallel, firms that invest in robust post-market clinical registries and real-world evidence programs strengthen their value proposition with hospitals that prioritize outcome transparency. From a commercial perspective, companies that couple device innovation with comprehensive training, warranty structures, and supply assurance are more likely to secure preferred-provider status with large health systems.

As competitive intensity grows, mergers, selective licensing, and targeted acquisitions are plausible pathways to expand product portfolios or secure proprietary materials. Firms that maintain operational excellence, regulatory agility, and a clear clinical evidence narrative will be best positioned to capture long-term clinical adoption and institutional trust.

Actionable strategic imperatives for manufacturers and health systems to align material innovation, supply resilience, and evidence-driven commercialization for long-term adoption

Industry leaders should take a proactive, multidimensional approach to secure competitive advantage in the sternal closure market. First, invest in materials R&D that prioritizes fatigue resistance, biocompatibility, and low-profile designs while simultaneously generating rigorous clinical evidence through investigator-led studies and multicenter registries. This dual focus on innovation and evidence will reduce adoption friction and support value-based contracting conversations with hospitals.

Second, diversify manufacturing and sourcing strategies to mitigate tariff exposure and supply interruptions; near-shoring key processes and qualifying multiple material suppliers can protect lead times and preserve clinical availability. Third, align commercial models with purchaser preferences by offering bundled service packages, surgeon training, and outcomes monitoring that speak to the total cost of care rather than just the unit price. Fourth, develop regulatory and quality pathways in parallel with product development so that device iterations can be rapidly validated and launched in multiple jurisdictions with minimal delay.

Finally, cultivate partnerships with clinical leaders and health system procurement teams to co-develop implementation protocols and post-market surveillance mechanisms. By integrating clinical insight, supply chain resilience, and value-focused commercial strategies, industry leaders can accelerate adoption and sustain long-term relationships with key customers.

A transparent research framework integrating clinician interviews, regulatory review, device design assessment, and supply chain mapping to produce verifiable strategic insights

This analysis synthesized primary and secondary investigative methods to ensure comprehensive and verifiable insights. Primary research included structured interviews with cardiac surgeons, procurement officers, biomedical engineers, and supply chain managers to capture real-world clinical preferences, purchasing decision criteria, and logistical constraints. These qualitative inputs were complemented by device design reviews, inspection of regulatory filings, and assessment of peer-reviewed clinical literature to validate performance claims and safety profiles.

Secondary research consisted of a systematic review of technical white papers, standards guidance, and publicly available regulatory documents to map approval pathways and post-market obligations. Supply chain mapping employed trade data analysis and supplier profiling to identify key nodes of concentration and potential points of vulnerability. Triangulation techniques were applied to reconcile divergent findings across sources and to surface consistent patterns relevant to clinicians and commercial stakeholders.

The methodology prioritized transparency and reproducibility by documenting interview protocols, inclusion criteria for clinical studies reviewed, and the assumptions underpinning supply chain assessments. Limitations include varying availability of long-term clinical outcome data for newer materials and procedural techniques, which informed conservative interpretation of early-stage performance claims.

Concluding synthesis on balancing clinical efficacy, supply resilience, and commercial strategy to guide responsible adoption of modern sternal fixation solutions

In closing, sternal closure systems represent a convergence of clinical necessity, material innovation, and commercial strategy where patient outcomes and operational continuity are equally paramount. As materials and manufacturing technologies evolve, stakeholders must balance technical performance with the pragmatic demands of procurement, training, and regulatory compliance. Emerging tariff dynamics have further emphasized the importance of resilient sourcing and adaptive manufacturing footprints, influencing both cost structures and procurement preferences.

Decision-makers should prioritize technologies that are supported by rigorous clinical evidence and that demonstrate consistency across manufacturing environments and distribution channels. Moreover, alignment between clinical champions and operational leaders will accelerate safe adoption and ensure that device selection contributes meaningfully to improved postoperative outcomes. The collective insight presented here is intended to guide manufacturers, investors, and health system leaders as they navigate technological change and commercial complexity in the sternal closure domain.

Table of Contents

1. Preface

  • 1.1. Objectives of the Study
  • 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
  • 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
  • 1.4. Currency & Pricing
  • 1.5. Language
  • 1.6. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview

5. Market Insights

  • 5.1. Rising adoption of rigid fixation systems driven by improved patient recovery times and reduced complication rates
  • 5.2. Surge in demand for bioabsorbable sternal closure devices to minimize foreign body presence and promote bone healing
  • 5.3. Integration of smart sensor technology into sternal closure systems for real-time monitoring of stabilization and healing
  • 5.4. Growing collaborations between device manufacturers and healthcare providers to advance minimally invasive sternal closure techniques
  • 5.5. Expansion of sternal closure device market in emerging economies fueled by rising cardiac surgery volumes and infrastructure improvements
  • 5.6. Regulatory approvals and fast-track designations accelerating the launch of next-generation sternal closure solutions
  • 5.7. Development of antimicrobial-coated sternal closure implants to reduce postoperative infections and hospital stays
  • 5.8. Increased focus on customizable and patient-specific sternal plating systems through additive manufacturing techniques

6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025

7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025

8. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by Product Type

  • 8.1. Composite Cable
    • 8.1.1. Braided Cable
    • 8.1.2. Coated Cable
  • 8.2. Intramedullary Rod
    • 8.2.1. Curved Rod
    • 8.2.2. Straight Rod
  • 8.3. Rigid Plate
    • 8.3.1. Double Plate
    • 8.3.2. Single Plate
  • 8.4. Steel Wire
    • 8.4.1. Heavy Gauge
    • 8.4.2. Standard Gauge

9. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by Material

  • 9.1. Polymer Composites
  • 9.2. Stainless Steel
  • 9.3. Titanium

10. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by Application

  • 10.1. Coronary Artery Bypass
  • 10.2. Trauma
  • 10.3. Valve Replacement

11. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by End User

  • 11.1. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
  • 11.2. Clinics
  • 11.3. Hospitals

12. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by Distribution Channel

  • 12.1. Direct Sales
  • 12.2. Distributors
  • 12.3. Online Sales

13. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by Region

  • 13.1. Americas
    • 13.1.1. North America
    • 13.1.2. Latin America
  • 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
    • 13.2.1. Europe
    • 13.2.2. Middle East
    • 13.2.3. Africa
  • 13.3. Asia-Pacific

14. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by Group

  • 14.1. ASEAN
  • 14.2. GCC
  • 14.3. European Union
  • 14.4. BRICS
  • 14.5. G7
  • 14.6. NATO

15. Sternal Closure Systems Market, by Country

  • 15.1. United States
  • 15.2. Canada
  • 15.3. Mexico
  • 15.4. Brazil
  • 15.5. United Kingdom
  • 15.6. Germany
  • 15.7. France
  • 15.8. Russia
  • 15.9. Italy
  • 15.10. Spain
  • 15.11. China
  • 15.12. India
  • 15.13. Japan
  • 15.14. Australia
  • 15.15. South Korea

16. Competitive Landscape

  • 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
  • 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
  • 16.3. Competitive Analysis
    • 16.3.1. Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc.
    • 16.3.2. Johnson & Johnson
    • 16.3.3. Medtronic plc
    • 16.3.4. MicroPort Scientific Corporation
    • 16.3.5. Sterna Medical AG
    • 16.3.6. KLS Martin Group GmbH & Co. KG
    • 16.3.7. Teleflex Incorporated
    • 16.3.8. Kinamed Incorporated
    • 16.3.9. IDEAR S.R.L.
    • 16.3.10. Able Medical Devices

LIST OF FIGURES

  • FIGURE 1. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 2. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 3. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 4. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 5. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 6. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 7. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 8. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 9. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 10. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 11. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 12. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 13. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 14. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 15. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 16. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 17. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 18. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 19. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 20. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 21. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY GROUP, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 22. ASEAN STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 23. GCC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 24. EUROPEAN UNION STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 25. BRICS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 26. G7 STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 27. NATO STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 28. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 29. STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024
  • FIGURE 30. STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2024

LIST OF TABLES

  • TABLE 1. STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
  • TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018-2024
  • TABLE 3. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 4. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 5. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 6. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 7. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 8. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 9. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 10. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 11. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 12. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 13. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 14. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 15. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY BRAIDED CABLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 16. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY BRAIDED CABLE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 17. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY BRAIDED CABLE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 18. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY BRAIDED CABLE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 19. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY BRAIDED CABLE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 20. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY BRAIDED CABLE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 21. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COATED CABLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 22. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COATED CABLE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 23. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COATED CABLE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 24. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COATED CABLE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 25. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COATED CABLE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 26. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COATED CABLE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 27. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 28. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 29. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 30. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 31. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 32. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 33. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 34. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 35. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CURVED ROD, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 36. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CURVED ROD, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 37. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CURVED ROD, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 38. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CURVED ROD, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 39. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CURVED ROD, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 40. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CURVED ROD, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 41. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STRAIGHT ROD, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 42. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STRAIGHT ROD, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 43. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STRAIGHT ROD, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 44. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STRAIGHT ROD, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 45. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STRAIGHT ROD, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 46. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STRAIGHT ROD, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 47. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 48. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 49. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 50. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 51. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 52. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 53. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 54. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 55. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DOUBLE PLATE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 56. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DOUBLE PLATE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 57. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DOUBLE PLATE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 58. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DOUBLE PLATE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 59. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DOUBLE PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 60. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DOUBLE PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 61. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PLATE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 62. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PLATE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 63. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PLATE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 64. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PLATE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 65. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 66. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 67. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 68. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 69. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 70. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 71. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 72. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 73. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 74. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 75. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY GAUGE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 76. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY GAUGE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 77. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY GAUGE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 78. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY GAUGE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 79. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY GAUGE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 80. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY GAUGE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 81. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STANDARD GAUGE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 82. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STANDARD GAUGE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 83. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STANDARD GAUGE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 84. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STANDARD GAUGE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 85. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STANDARD GAUGE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 86. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STANDARD GAUGE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 87. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 88. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 89. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY POLYMER COMPOSITES, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 90. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY POLYMER COMPOSITES, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 91. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY POLYMER COMPOSITES, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 92. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY POLYMER COMPOSITES, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 93. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY POLYMER COMPOSITES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 94. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY POLYMER COMPOSITES, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 95. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STAINLESS STEEL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 96. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STAINLESS STEEL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 97. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STAINLESS STEEL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 98. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STAINLESS STEEL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 99. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STAINLESS STEEL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 100. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STAINLESS STEEL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 101. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TITANIUM, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 102. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TITANIUM, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 103. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TITANIUM, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 104. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TITANIUM, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 105. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TITANIUM, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 106. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TITANIUM, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 107. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 108. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 109. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 110. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 111. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 112. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 113. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 114. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 115. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TRAUMA, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 116. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TRAUMA, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 117. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TRAUMA, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 118. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TRAUMA, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 119. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TRAUMA, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 120. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY TRAUMA, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 121. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY VALVE REPLACEMENT, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 122. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY VALVE REPLACEMENT, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 123. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY VALVE REPLACEMENT, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 124. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY VALVE REPLACEMENT, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 125. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY VALVE REPLACEMENT, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 126. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY VALVE REPLACEMENT, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 127. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 128. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 129. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 130. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 131. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 132. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 133. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 134. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 135. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CLINICS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 136. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CLINICS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 137. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CLINICS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 138. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CLINICS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 139. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CLINICS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 140. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY CLINICS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 141. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 142. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 143. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 144. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 145. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 146. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 147. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 148. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 149. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 150. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 151. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 152. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 153. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 154. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 155. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 156. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 157. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 158. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 159. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 160. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 161. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE SALES, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 162. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE SALES, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 163. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE SALES, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 164. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE SALES, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 165. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE SALES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 166. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE SALES, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 167. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 168. GLOBAL STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 169. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 170. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 171. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 172. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 173. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 174. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 175. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 176. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 177. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 178. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 179. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 180. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 181. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 182. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 183. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 184. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 185. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 186. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 187. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 188. AMERICAS STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 189. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 190. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 191. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 192. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 193. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 194. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 195. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 196. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 197. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 198. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 199. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 200. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 201. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 202. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 203. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 204. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 205. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 206. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 207. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 208. NORTH AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 209. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 210. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 211. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 212. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 213. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 214. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 215. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 216. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 217. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 218. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 219. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 220. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 221. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 222. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 223. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 224. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 225. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 226. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 227. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 228. LATIN AMERICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 229. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 230. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 231. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 232. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 233. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 234. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 235. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 236. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 237. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 238. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 239. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 240. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 241. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 242. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 243. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 244. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 245. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 246. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 247. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 248. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 249. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 250. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 251. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 252. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 253. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 254. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 255. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 256. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 257. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 258. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 259. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 260. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 261. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 262. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 263. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 264. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 265. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 266. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 267. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 268. EUROPE STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 269. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 270. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 271. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 272. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 273. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 274. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 275. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 276. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 277. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 278. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 279. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 280. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 281. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 282. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 283. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 284. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 285. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 286. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 287. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 288. MIDDLE EAST STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 289. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 290. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 291. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 292. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 293. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 294. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 295. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 296. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 297. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 298. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY RIGID PLATE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 299. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 300. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL WIRE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 301. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 302. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 303. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 304. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 305. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 306. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 307. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 308. AFRICA STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 309. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 310. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 311. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 312. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 313. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 314. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY COMPOSITE CABLE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 315. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY ROD, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 316. ASIA-PACIFIC STERNAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS MARKET SIZE, BY INTRAMEDULLARY R