![]() |
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1829536
智慧城市市場(按組件、應用和部署模式)—2025-2032 年全球預測Smart City Market by Component, Application, Deployment Model - Global Forecast 2025-2032 |
※ 本網頁內容可能與最新版本有所差異。詳細情況請與我們聯繫。
預計到 2032 年,智慧城市市場規模將成長至 11,631 億美元,複合年成長率為 10.15%。
主要市場統計數據 | |
---|---|
基準年2024年 | 4686.9億美元 |
預計2025年 | 5164.2億美元 |
預測年份:2032年 | 11631億美元 |
複合年成長率(%) | 10.15% |
智慧城市計畫不再只是空想的試點項目,而是整合數位基礎設施、城市規劃和市民服務,旨在提升生活品質和財政效率的可操作性項目。在各個市政當局和大都會圈,各種技術——通訊網路、感測器、分析技術和雲端平台——的融合正在重塑城市管理出行、公用事業、公共安全和環境監測的方式。這種轉變是由實際需求所驅動的:基礎設施老化、氣候適應能力下降、都市化壓力以及對更有效率的公共服務需求。因此,來自市政當局、公共、大型企業和技術供應商的相關人員正在日益加強合作,以設計出兼顧效能、隱私和可負擔性的互通解決方案。
儘管發展勢頭強勁,但智慧城市領域仍具有複雜性。計劃通常涉及多個機構,採購週期長,涉及舊有系統的整合,並且必須展示可衡量的成果才能證明公共投資的合理性。因此,領導者必須在集中式平台和模組化架構之間取得權衡,在本地控制和雲端可擴展性之間取得平衡,並管理各個群體的期望。最成功的舉措注重清晰的問題定義、分階段部署、強大的資料管治以及以使用者為中心的服務,從而為居民和企業帶來切實的利益。本介紹將闡述相關背景—技術變革、政策影響、細分動態、區域差異以及對參與智慧城市生態系統的組織的實用建議—並建構策略組裝,為後續章節奠定基礎。
快速的技術進步和不斷變化的公共優先事項正在改變城市規劃、採購和營運智慧基礎設施的方式。首先,邊緣運算的成熟,加上無處不在的低延遲連接,使得設備和閘道器級別的即時分析成為可能,減少了對集中式處理的依賴,並提高了交通管理和緊急應變等關鍵任務服務的響應速度。同時,人工智慧和機器學習正在從實驗用例演變為最佳化能耗、檢測異常環境條件和實現預測性維護的營運工具。這些功能擴大嵌入到應用程式和平台軟體中,將價值從以硬體為中心的計劃轉移到數據主導的服務。
同時,採購模式也在不斷發展。採購模式正逐漸從單一供應商鎖定轉向模組化、可互通的解決方案,這些解決方案優先考慮開放標準和 API主導的整合。伴隨這轉變而來的是託管服務和專業服務的興起,它們成為關鍵推動因素。各城市正在利用外部專業知識來加速部署並填補內部資源缺口。此外,永續性目標和監管壓力正在改變計劃優先級,環境監測和自適應照明成為減少能源使用和實現排放目標的明顯機會。最後,網路安全和隱私對於公眾接受至關重要。因此,安全設計實踐和強大的管治框架如今已成為先決條件,而非事後諸葛亮,需要 IT 部門、城市規劃人員、法律顧問和社區相關人員之間進行跨學科合作。
2025年關稅和貿易調整的推出對採購、供應鏈規劃和供應商策略產生了連鎖影響,為智慧城市生態系統中依賴硬體的環節創造了曲折點。短期內,連接模組、控制器和某些感測器等關鍵零件的進口關稅上調,推高了資本成本,並迫使大型市政當局和系統整合重新評估其供應商合約。這些成本壓力加速了圍繞組件標準化的討論,並促使人們專注於明確考慮關稅、物流和保固條款的整體擁有成本分析。因此,由於買家徵集多份採購提案並尋求明確的長期合約定價結構,某些地區的採購週期有所延長。
隨著時間的推移,關稅環境促使整個供應鏈進行結構性調整。一些供應商實現了製造地多元化,並優先考慮區域供應商,以降低跨境關稅和運輸波動帶來的風險。這種再平衡表現為增加對本地組裝、策略性庫存緩衝以及與本地電子製造商合作採購關鍵零件的投資。同時,服務導向產品和軟體主導的解決方案獲得了發展動力,因為它們較少直接受到硬體關稅的影響,並且經常性收益流更可預測。在營運方面,關稅引發的成本訊號促使企業重新關注生命週期資產管理,在可行的情況下維修現有基礎設施,並透過韌體更新和模組升級延長已部署硬體的使用壽命。這些綜合措施減輕了直接的財務影響,同時塑造了公共和私營部門合作夥伴的長期供應商選擇標準和風險管理實踐。
對細分的細緻理解揭示了技術重點和商業機會在智慧城市部署中的交匯點。從組件配置的角度來看待生態系統,硬體仍然必不可少,並分為連接模組、控制器和感測器,每個模組在資料收集和傳輸鏈中都扮演著獨特的角色。服務作為營運主幹,包括維持日常營運的託管服務和提供系統設計、整合和試運行的專業服務。軟體層增加了策略價值。涵蓋預測分析和指示性分析的分析軟體將原始數據轉化為可操作的見解,應用軟體支援特定於領域的功能,平台軟體提供擴展所需的底層互通性和設備管理功能。這種分層視圖強調了向以軟體為中心的價值提案的轉變,其中洞察力和編配擴大決定著長期差異化。
從應用角度來看,部署優先順序因用例而異。包含門禁控制和暖通空調管理等子組件的建築自動化計劃需要與現有資產緊密整合,並實現與能源和維護效率相關的顯著營運效益。空氣和水質監測等環境監測計劃需要高感測器保真度和強大的數據檢驗框架,以支援法規遵循和公共衛生干預。智慧醫療應用正在快速發展,遠端患者監護和舉措將臨床服務擴展到傳統環境之外,並要求安全、低延遲的連接以及符合健康數據法規的要求。智慧照明應用(包括自我調整照明和街道照明)可立即節省能源並提高公共,通常遠端醫療更廣泛的城市感測網格的入口。最後,部署模型的選擇會影響架構決策。雲端和本地部署選項會在控制、延遲和營運開銷方面產生權衡,而雲端部署(混合雲、私有雲端和公有雲)則可以在可擴展性、安全性和成本之間取得平衡。在雲端採用方面,您還可以透過混合雲端、私有雲端和公共雲端選項來平衡可擴展性、安全性和成本。
區域輪廓極大地影響智慧舉措的資金籌措、監管和實施方式,從而在全球範圍內形成了獨特的策略重點。在美洲,公私合作模式和市政債券資金籌措通常可以實現雄心勃勃的基礎設施計劃,而大都會圈則優先考慮移動性、公共和能源效率。這些優先事項培育了一個由系統整合商、公共產業和技術供應商組成的生態系統,這些供應商專門從事擴充性部署和公民服務。相反,歐洲、中東和非洲表現出多樣化的頻譜。在歐洲部分地區,嚴格的資料保護條例和環境法規推動了對隱私優先架構和環境監測的投資,而在中東和非洲部分地區,快速的都市化優先考慮可以超越傳統限制的基礎連接和模組化解決方案。在亞太地區,人口密集的城市中心和積極的國家數位策略正在推動快速採用專注於行動性、智慧電網和能夠大規模營運的公共衛生系統的整合平台。
區域政策框架和採購規範決定了供應商的參與和技術選擇,要求從業者根據當地期望調整交付和商業模式。在某些地區,集中採購是大規模全市計畫的基礎;而在其他地區,則採用分散採購的方式,領先在全市推廣。供應鏈物流和本地製造能力也至關重要。與零件供應商的距離會影響前置作業時間和風險敞口,尤其對於硬體密集型計劃而言。透過根據當地實際情況客製化交付方式,相關人員可以利用本地夥伴關係關係、遵守監管要求並在設計中融入文化認同,從而提高專案持續成功的可能性。
智慧城市的競爭格局由成熟的技術供應商、細分領域的專家、系統整合商和創新新興企業組成,各自為計劃成果帶來不同的優勢。大型平台供應商提供端到端功能並簡化採購流程,但如果封閉式的生態系統阻礙第三方擴展,則可能帶來整合風險。相比之下,專業的硬體製造商和感測器創新者提供差異化的設備功能和精確度,這對於環境監測和醫療保健等高保真應用至關重要。系統整合和託管服務提供者發揮關鍵作用,他們將技術能力轉化為營運服務,幫助城市管理複雜性,並為多供應商部署提供連續性。
策略夥伴關係和選擇性收購是現有企業尋求填補能力缺口的常用策略,尤其是在分析、網路安全和垂直特定應用領域。同時,由中立平台提供者和標準機構編配的生態系統支援互通性,並減少買家和小型供應商之間的摩擦。對於採購負責人和投資者而言,與企業相關的關鍵考慮因素是供應商能夠展示經過驗證的部署、維持靈活的商業模式以及支援長期維護和升級路徑的程度。將強大的產品專業知識與強大的服務交付能力相結合的供應商最有可能贏得多階段城市項目,並成為長期現代化建設中值得信賴的合作夥伴。
致力於將研究洞察轉化為營運優勢的領導者應採取一套全面的策略舉措,在短期可行性和長期韌性之間取得平衡。首先,優先考慮供應鏈多元化和策略性庫存管理,以減少外部成本衝擊的影響並確保計劃按時完成。這包括為關鍵硬體類別篩選多家合格供應商,在可行的情況下進行本地製造或組裝,並就關稅波動的合約保護措施進行談判。其次,透過投資分析能力(尤其是預測性和規範性模型),將軟體和服務提升為核心價值驅動力,將感測器數據轉化為營運干預措施和收益服務。第三,採用模組化、基於標準的架構,實現增量升級,減少供應商鎖定,同時維持全市擴展的能力。
此外,為了建立公民信任並履行監管義務,我們將在採購規範和部署藍圖中融入安全和隱私設計。我們將透過相關人員參與計畫補充技術措施,在試點階段傳達效益並徵求回饋。我們將透過有針對性的培訓和與當地學術機構的合作來投資能力建設,使營運團隊能夠管理和發展該系統。最後,我們將設計支援分階段部署和基於績效的合約的採購和財務模型,以協調獎勵並在城市和解決方案供應商之間分攤前期成本。這些綜合行動為領導者加速部署、降低風險並最大化智慧城市投資的社會經濟價值開闢了一條切實可行的途徑。
調查方法整合了多種互補技術,以確保嚴謹性、相關性和對實踐者需求的適用性。主要內容包括與市政官員、基礎設施營運商、採購主管、解決方案架構師以及技術和服務供應商的高階主管進行結構化訪談,以了解決策促進因素、實施挑戰和最佳實踐。這些定性洞察與對政策文件、標準框架、技術白皮書和供應商揭露資訊的廣泛審查相結合,以檢驗技術可行性並繪製常見的架構模式。在適當的情況下,真實案例研究提供了營運成果、經驗教訓和成本促進因素的實證證據。
分析方法強調交叉驗證和情境分析。建置的細分方案旨在反映元件、應用程式和部署之間的區別,並根據實際計劃類型進行測試,以確保其適用性。透過同儕審查和專家檢驗,資料完整性得以增強,同時認知到方法論的局限性,例如區域採購規則的差異、不斷變化的監管環境以及供應商報告實踐的差異。研究過程中考慮了倫理考量,強調資訊來源歸屬的透明度、尊重保密訪談約束以及避免背書。本調查方法得出了切實可行的研究結果,同時在預測性陳述和定量預測方面保持保守。
城市數位基礎設施的未來將由技術成熟度、採購適應性以及優先考慮韌性和公民信任的管治框架的相互作用塑造。技術進步,尤其是邊緣運算、人工智慧驅動的分析和模組化軟體平台,能夠帶來新的服務和營運效率,但能否充分發揮這些潛力,取決於圍繞採購、整合和生命週期管理的務實決策。近期政策變化凸顯的關稅環境提醒我們,外部經濟力量可能對計劃可行性產生重大影響,因此供應鏈敏捷性和以軟體為中心的經營模式是至關重要的緩解因素。區域環境將進一步決定採用的速度和形式,有效的項目應將技術選擇與當地監管預期和資金籌措狀況相結合。
對於決策者來說,前進的道路是明確的:優先考慮可互通的架構,投資於分析和託管服務,並制定籌資策略,以平衡當前需求與長期維護和升級路徑。透過這樣做,城市及其合作夥伴可以將成功的試點項目轉變為全市範圍的項目,在管理風險的同時提供可衡量的公共價值。這一結論強調了嚴謹的規劃、合作夥伴關係和適應性採購模式的必要性,以確保智慧城市投資的永續、公平性和成果導向性。
The Smart City Market is projected to grow by USD 1,016.31 billion at a CAGR of 10.15% by 2032.
KEY MARKET STATISTICS | |
---|---|
Base Year [2024] | USD 468.69 billion |
Estimated Year [2025] | USD 516.42 billion |
Forecast Year [2032] | USD 1,016.31 billion |
CAGR (%) | 10.15% |
Smart city initiatives are no longer aspirational pilots; they are operational programs that integrate digital infrastructure, urban planning, and citizen services to improve quality of life and fiscal efficiency. Across municipalities and metropolitan regions, technology convergence among communications networks, sensors, analytics, and cloud platforms is reshaping how cities manage mobility, utilities, public safety, and environmental monitoring. This transformation is driven by practical imperatives: aging infrastructure, climate resilience, urbanization pressures, and the demand for more efficient public services. As a result, stakeholders from municipal government, utilities, large enterprises, and technology vendors are increasingly collaborating to design interoperable solutions that balance performance with privacy and affordability.
Despite clear momentum, the smart city domain is characterized by complexity. Projects often span multiple agencies, require long procurement cycles, involve legacy system integration, and must demonstrate measurable outcomes to justify public investment. Consequently, leaders must navigate trade-offs between centralized platforms and modular architectures, balance on-premises control with cloud-enabled scalability, and manage expectations across constituencies. The most successful initiatives combine a clear problem definition, phased deployment, robust data governance, and a focus on user-centered services that deliver tangible benefits to residents and businesses. This introduction frames the strategic considerations that underpin the sections that follow, setting the context for technological shifts, policy impacts, segmentation dynamics, regional nuances, and practical recommendations for organizations engaged in the smart city ecosystem.
Rapid technological advances and shifting public priorities are driving transformative changes in how cities plan, procure, and operate intelligent infrastructure. First, the maturation of edge computing combined with ubiquitous low-latency connectivity is enabling real-time analytics at the device or gateway level, which reduces reliance on centralized processing and improves responsiveness for mission-critical services such as traffic management and emergency response. Concurrently, artificial intelligence and machine learning have evolved from experimental use cases to operational tools that optimize energy consumption, detect anomalous environmental conditions, and enable predictive maintenance. These capabilities are increasingly embedded within application software and platform software, shifting value from hardware-centric projects to data-driven services.
In parallel, procurement models are evolving. There is a movement away from single-vendor lock-in toward modular, interoperable solutions that prioritize open standards and API-driven integration. This shift is accompanied by the emergence of managed services and professional services as key enablers; cities are leveraging external expertise to accelerate deployments and to bridge internal resource gaps. Additionally, sustainability targets and regulatory pressures are reshaping project priorities, with environmental monitoring and adaptive lighting emerging as demonstrable opportunities to reduce energy use and meet emissions goals. Finally, cybersecurity and privacy are central to public acceptance. As a result, secure-by-design practices and robust governance frameworks are now prerequisites rather than afterthoughts, requiring cross-disciplinary collaboration between IT, urban planners, legal counsel, and community stakeholders.
The introduction of tariffs and trade adjustments in 2025 created an inflection point for hardware-dependent segments of the smart city ecosystem, with cascading effects across procurement, supply chain planning, and vendor strategies. In the near term, increased import duties on key components such as connectivity modules, controllers, and certain sensor categories elevated capital costs and prompted larger municipalities and system integrators to revisit supplier contracts. These cost pressures accelerated conversations around component standardization and prompted a greater emphasis on total cost of ownership analyses that explicitly account for tariffs, logistics, and warranty provisions. As a consequence, procurement cycles lengthened in some jurisdictions as buyers solicited multiple sourcing proposals and sought clarity on long-term contractual pricing structures.
Over time, the tariff environment incentivized structural adjustments across the supply chain. Some vendors moved to diversify manufacturing footprints and prioritize regional suppliers to reduce exposure to cross-border duties and shipping volatility. This rebalancing manifested as greater investment in localized assembly, strategic inventory buffering, and partnerships with regional electronics manufacturers for critical parts. Simultaneously, service-oriented offerings and software-led solutions gained prominence because they were less directly impacted by hardware tariffs and offered more predictable recurring revenue streams. From an operational perspective, the tariff-induced cost signals prompted renewed focus on lifecycle asset management, retrofitting existing infrastructure where feasible, and extending the usable life of deployed hardware through firmware updates and modular upgrades. This combination of measures helped mitigate immediate financial impacts while shaping longer-term supplier selection criteria and risk management practices for public agencies and private sector partners.
A nuanced understanding of segmentation reveals where technical focus and commercial opportunity intersect within smart city deployments. When viewing the ecosystem through the lens of component composition, hardware remains essential and is differentiated across connectivity modules, controllers, and sensors, each performing distinct roles in the data collection and transmission chain. Services serve as the operational backbone, encompassing managed services that sustain day-to-day operations and professional services that deliver system design, integration, and commissioning. Software layers add strategic value: analytics software-spanning predictive analytics and prescriptive analytics-turns raw data into actionable insights, application software enables domain-specific functionality, and platform software provides the foundational interoperability and device management capabilities necessary for scale. This layered view underscores the shift toward software-centric value propositions where insights and orchestration increasingly define long-term differentiation.
From an application standpoint, deployment priorities vary by use case. Building automation projects, with subcomponents such as access control and HVAC management, demand tight integration with existing facilities and clear operational benefits tied to energy and maintenance efficiency. Environmental monitoring initiatives, which include air quality monitoring and water quality monitoring, require high sensor fidelity and robust data validation frameworks to support regulatory compliance and public health interventions. Smart healthcare applications are evolving rapidly, with remote patient monitoring and telemedicine extending clinical services beyond traditional settings and requiring secure, low-latency connections as well as compliance with health data regulations. Smart lighting applications, including adaptive lighting and street lighting, deliver immediate energy savings and public safety improvements, and they often serve as entry points for broader urban sensing grids. Finally, the choice of deployment model influences architectural decisions. Cloud and on-premises options present trade-offs in control, latency, and operational overhead, and within cloud deployments, hybrid cloud, private cloud, and public cloud variations enable tailored balance among scalability, security, and cost. Taken together, these segmentation dimensions highlight strategic levers: invest in analytics capabilities to monetize data, package managed services to reduce buyer friction, and align hardware choices with long-term platform interoperability to maximize lifecycle value.
Regional contours significantly influence how smart city initiatives are funded, regulated, and implemented, producing distinct strategic priorities across the global landscape. In the Americas, public-private collaboration models and municipal bond financing often enable ambitious infrastructure projects, while major metropolitan areas emphasize mobility, public safety, and energy efficiency. These priorities foster an ecosystem of systems integrators, utilities, and technology vendors who specialize in scalable deployments and citizen-facing services. Conversely, Europe, Middle East & Africa exhibit a varied spectrum: stringent data protection and environmental regulations in parts of Europe encourage privacy-first architectures and investments in environmental monitoring, while rapid urbanization in parts of the Middle East and Africa prioritizes foundational connectivity and modular solutions that can leapfrog legacy constraints. In Asia-Pacific, high-density urban centers and proactive national digital strategies drive rapid adoption of integrated platforms, with an emphasis on mobility, smart grids, and public health systems that can operate at scale.
Local policy frameworks and procurement norms shape vendor engagement and technology choices in each region, and practitioners should therefore align offering and commercial models to regional expectations. In some geographies, centralized procurement supports larger, city-wide programs, whereas in others a decentralized approach with district-level pilots precedes citywide rollouts. Supply chain logistics and regional manufacturing capacity also matter: proximity to component suppliers influences lead times and risk exposure, particularly for hardware-intensive projects. By tailoring implementation approaches to these regional realities-drawing on local partnerships, adhering to regulatory requirements, and designing for cultural acceptance-stakeholders can increase the likelihood of sustained program success.
Competitive dynamics within the smart city landscape are defined by a mix of established technology vendors, niche specialists, systems integrators, and innovative startups, each contributing different strengths to project outcomes. Large platform providers offer end-to-end capabilities that simplify procurement but can introduce integration risk if closed ecosystems prevent third-party extensions. In contrast, specialized hardware manufacturers and sensor innovators provide differentiated device capabilities and accuracy, which is critical for high-fidelity applications such as environmental monitoring and healthcare. Systems integrators and managed service providers play a pivotal role by translating technology capabilities into operational services, helping municipalities manage complexity, and providing continuity across multi-vendor deployments.
Strategic partnerships and selective acquisitions are common tactics for incumbents seeking to fill capability gaps-particularly in analytics, cybersecurity, and domain-specific applications. At the same time, ecosystem orchestration by neutral platform providers and standards organizations supports interoperability and reduces friction for both buyers and smaller suppliers. For procurement officers and investors, the key company-related consideration is the degree to which vendors can demonstrate proven deployments, maintain flexible commercial models, and support long-term maintenance and upgrade paths. Vendors that combine strong product specialization with robust service delivery capabilities are best positioned to capture multi-phase urban programs and to become trusted partners in long-term modernization efforts.
Leaders who seek to translate research insights into operational advantage should pursue an integrated set of strategic moves that balance near-term feasibility with long-term resilience. First, prioritize supply chain diversification and strategic inventory practices to reduce exposure to external cost shocks and to maintain project timelines. This involves qualifying multiple suppliers for critical hardware categories, establishing regional manufacturing or assembly where feasible, and negotiating contractual protections against tariff volatility. Second, elevate software and services as core value drivers by investing in analytics capabilities-especially predictive and prescriptive models-that convert sensor data into operational interventions and revenue-generating services. Third, adopt modular, standards-based architectures that enable incremental upgrades and reduce vendor lock-in while preserving the ability to scale city-wide.
Additionally, embed security and privacy by design into procurement specifications and deployment roadmaps to build citizen trust and to meet regulatory obligations. Complement technical measures with stakeholder engagement programs that communicate benefits and solicit feedback during pilot phases. Invest in capability development through targeted workforce training and partnerships with local academic institutions to ensure operational teams can manage and evolve systems. Finally, design procurement and finance models that accommodate phased implementation and outcomes-based contracting, thereby aligning incentives between municipalities and solution providers while spreading upfront costs. Together, these actions create a pragmatic pathway for leaders to accelerate deployment, reduce risk, and maximize the socioeconomic value of smart city investments.
The research approach integrates multiple complementary methods to ensure rigor, relevance, and applicability to practitioner needs. Primary inputs include structured interviews with city officials, infrastructure operators, procurement leaders, solution architects, and senior executives from technology and service providers to capture decision drivers, implementation challenges, and best practices. These qualitative insights are triangulated with a broad review of policy documents, standards frameworks, technical white papers, and vendor disclosures to validate technical feasibility and to map out common architectural patterns. Where appropriate, case studies of live deployments provide empirical evidence of operational outcomes, lessons learned, and cost drivers without engaging in financial estimation.
Analytical techniques emphasize cross-validation and scenario analysis. Segmentation schemas were constructed to reflect component, application, and deployment distinctions and were tested against real-world project typologies to ensure applicability. Data integrity is reinforced through peer review and expert validation rounds, and methodological limitations are acknowledged, including variability in local procurement rules, evolving regulatory landscapes, and differences in vendor reporting practices. Ethical considerations guided the research, with a focus on transparency in source attribution, respect for confidential interview constraints, and avoidance of endorsements. This methodology yields actionable findings while maintaining a conservative posture on predictive claims and quantitative projections.
Collectively, the analysis underscores a central narrative: the future of urban digital infrastructure will be shaped by the interplay of technology maturity, procurement adaptability, and governance frameworks that prioritize resilience and public trust. Technology advances-particularly in edge computing, AI-driven analytics, and modular software platforms-enable new services and operational efficiencies, but realizing their potential depends on pragmatic decisions about sourcing, integration, and lifecycle management. The tariff environment highlighted in recent policy shifts serves as a reminder that external economic forces can materially affect project feasibility, making supply chain agility and software-centric business models essential mitigants. Regional contexts further dictate the pace and shape of adoption, and effective programs align technology choices with local regulatory expectations and financing realities.
For decision-makers, the path forward is clear: prioritize interoperable architectures, invest in analytics and managed services, and develop procurement strategies that balance immediate needs with long-term maintenance and upgrade pathways. By doing so, cities and their partners can transform pilot successes into city-scale programs that deliver measurable public value while managing risk. The conclusion reinforces the need for disciplined planning, collaborative partnerships, and adaptive procurement models to ensure that smart city investments are sustainable, equitable, and outcome-focused.