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市場調查報告書
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1892081

2024-2030年汽車產業開源開放原始碼軟體架構的策略洞察

Strategic Insights into Automotive Open-Source Software Architecture, 2024-2030
出版日期: | 出版商: Frost & Sullivan | 英文 86 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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簡介目錄

從程式碼到汽車：開放協作如何加速軟體定義汽車革命

汽車開放原始碼軟體(OSS) 架構正邁入一個新階段，透過建構跨越車載和雲端的協作式雲端原生技術堆疊，重塑了軟體定義車輛 (SDV) 的開發模式。 Frost & Sullivan 的這項研究探討了汽車製造商、一級供應商、半導體廠商、開源基金會和工具鏈檢驗如何攜手合作，在提升安全性和合規性的同時，降低成本、加快產品上市速度。隨著模組化和可重用性變得日益重要，OSS 的應用範圍正從傳統的車載資訊系統 (IVI) 擴展到包括安全增強型 Linux、混合關鍵性中間件、標準化車輛資料、OTA/遠端資訊處理管道以及雲端邊緣開發工具鏈。本研究探討了關鍵趨勢，包括集中式和分區式電子電氣 (E/E) 遷移、基於 Android 的 IVI 的普及、安全增強型 Linux (ELISA) 的興起、面向雲端原生汽車的 Eclipse SDV 和 SOAFEE舉措、COVESA 車輛訊號規範以及 ROS 在自動駕駛/高級駕駛輔助系統 (AD/ADAS) 的成熟。該報告基於行業專家和二手研究，提供了主要生態系統（AUTOSAR、AGL/AAOS、Eclipse SDV、SOAFEE、ROS、COVESA）的比較基準，繪製了OEM和供應商的活動圖，概述了市場結構和成熟度，確定了近期成長機會，並為OEM、一級供應商和技術供應商提供了合作夥伴選擇標準、實用/管治

分析範圍

  • 本研究檢驗了開放原始碼軟體架構的全球市場，重點在於支援軟體定義車輛 (SDV) 的平台、中介軟體和工具。
  • 它涵蓋車載作業系統、通訊中間件、開發框架以及支援的雲端/邊緣工具鏈。
  • 這包括產業聯盟（例如 AUTOSAR、Eclipse SDV、SOAFEE、COVESA）和開放原始碼作業系統（OS）發行版（AGL、Android Automotive、基於 Linux 的），以及機器人/ADAS 框架（ROS/Autoware、Apex.OS）。
  • Frost & Sullivan 將單元定義為一個獨立的開放原始碼平台或主要框架（包括規範和參考實作）。
  • 本分析檢驗了這些開放原始碼軟體(OSS) 解決方案如何影響更廣泛的汽車電子電氣架構、OEM 策略和供應商藍圖。

主要平台和聯盟

  • AUTOSAR 經典版和自適應版
  • Automotive Grade Linux（AGL）
  • Android Automotive OS
  • Eclipse SDV工作小組
  • SOAFEE SIG
  • COVESA（車輛號誌規範）
  • ROS 2/Autoware 和 Apex.OS

分析單位

作業系統平台、框架與聯盟

範圍：

這包括車上用軟體平台、儀錶叢集、連接/遠端資訊處理、高級駕駛輔助/自動駕駛和底層操作系統/中間件，以及行業合作舉措（聯盟、開放基金會、參考平台）。

除外情況：

提及硬體創新（感測器、ECU）僅是為了闡明軟體需求。提及專有軟體解決方案（例如，傳統的封閉式即時作業系統，如QNX）是為了進行比較，但由於我們專注於開放原始碼模式，因此不會對其進行深入分析。

三大策略要務對汽車開放原始碼架構產業的影響

顛覆性技術

  • 原因：
    • AI 推理能力的成本效益每 18 個月加倍，而內部 ECU 程式開發週期仍停滯在 4-5 年，差距越來越大。
    • TensorFlow Lite、ROS 2 和 Eclipse SDV 已記錄到 2024 年來自 50 多家汽車製造商（包括寶馬、博世和豐田）的 12,000 項承諾。
    • 客戶每季都會評估車載資訊娛樂系統的更新情況，這要求車輛採用完全軟體定義的系統，而不是漸進式的韌體更新。
  • 弗羅斯特的觀點：
    • 應建置從雲端到車載的 CI/CD 管線，以便在 14 天內交付檢驗的AI 模型。
    • 新功能將基於容器相容的中間件（ROS 2 Foxy+），允許在不重寫作業系統的情況下熱插拔感知、規劃和 UI 模組。
    • 儘早為 Eclipse SDV工作小組分配兩名 PE，以避免分支管理並確保有影響力的機會。

產業融合

  • 原因：
    • 大型科技公司（NVIDIA Drive、Qualcomm ADAS）的參考堆疊模糊了第一層級和第二層級的角色，需要共用平台。
    • 在最近的 OEM 試點計畫中，COVESA 的車輛數據規範將雲端/車輛整合時間從 12 週縮短至 4 週。
    • AUTOSAR Adaptive 和 Android Automotive 目前為超過 50 個量產項目提供支持，並已成為事實上的標準介面。
  • 弗羅斯特的觀點：
    • 在 2026 年 3 月之前申請成為 Eclipse SDV 指導委員會成員，即可取得 Velocitas API 的投票權。
    • 重複使用社群服務層（日誌記錄、診斷、時間同步），並將節省的人力重新用於品牌定義型人機介面開發。
    • 打破封閉式源思維，每季與合作夥伴舉行互通性測試，並在內部公佈互通性評分。

內部挑戰

  • 原因：
    • 目前程式碼庫中有 60% 是平台特定的，每增加一個新的中央控制設備，維修成本就會增加。
    • 根據 LinkedIn 的數據，汽車產業的 DevOps 職位與合格的求職者之間存在 3:1 的差距。
    • 分散的遺留分支導致問題平均不到 18 個月無法解決，增加了網路風險。
  • 弗羅斯特的觀點：
    • 啟動內部專案並建立開放原始碼專案辦公室（OSPO），以推動文化變革和法律合規。
    • 你需要大力投資提昇員工技能，否則你的軟體品質和上市時間將會落後於競爭對手。
    • 建立一個軟體工廠小組，負責每季向上游推送一定數量的修補程式（DevOps、安全、開源軟體法律）。

司機

  • 網路安全和軟體更新法規（聯合國歐洲經濟委員會 R155/R156、ISO 24089）迫使原始設備製造商 (OEM) 維護檢驗且可快速修補的程式碼庫，使得透明且經過社區強化的作業系統平台成為實現合規性的阻力最小的途徑。
  • 隨著軟體定義和電動車轉型帶來的軟體複雜性和成本不斷增加，原始設備製造商 (OEM) 和一級供應商正透過作業系統基礎設施共用非差異化研發成果，這消除了按單元收取許可費，並可縮短數月的專案時間。
  • 生產級、安全認證的開放式堆疊（AUTOSAR Adaptive、SOAFE、AGL、Apex.OS）正在迅速成熟，降低了資訊娛樂系統以外的 ADAS、車身和動力傳動系統領域的部署風險。
  • 汽車製造商的經常性收入來源（功能訂閱、數據市場、車載應用商店）依賴靈活、持續更新的開放式架構，從而降低合作夥伴的整合門檻。
  • 全球汽車軟體人才短缺，促使人們採用 Linux、Android、ROS 和 Yocto 等熟悉的開放技術來吸引開發人員，並加快雇主的創新步伐。
  • 跨產業聯盟（Eclipse SDV、COVESA、ARM SOAFEE）連接了原始設備製造商、雲端供應商和晶片供應商，創造了貢獻和商業性支援的良性循環，降低了後期採用者的准入門檻。

生長抑制

  • 功能安全認證（ISO 26262、ASIL 等級）和未解決的責任問題要求 OEM 證明確定性行為，並為每個社區組件創建廣泛的文檔，這減緩了在安全關鍵領域使用開源代碼的速度。
  • 由於擔心智慧財產權洩漏和品牌差異化技術訣竅的喪失，原始設備製造商和一級供應商不願對上游工程做出深入貢獻，限制了作業系統發展所需的合作範圍。
  • 車輛 15 年以上的使用壽命要求對所有庫進行強力的長期維護，而安全補丁的所有權不明確以及自由代碼不斷上漲的總擁有成本，使得經營團隊對全面採用自由代碼存在抵觸情緒。
  • 日益嚴格的網路安全法規（SBOM 揭露、OTA 修補程式時間表）迫使 OEM 廠商監控和修復複雜供應鏈中的作業系統漏洞，進一步加劇了本已稀缺的安全人才短缺問題。
  • 從封閉式的瀑布式開發轉向開放式協作需要新的流程、創建作業系統專案辦公室以及文化變革——許多傳統工程團隊發現這種內部轉變難以執行。

目錄

調查範圍

  • 分析範圍
  • 定義
  • 詞彙表
  • 結構和內容概述

策略要務

  • 為什麼成長變得越來越困難
  • The Strategic Imperative 8
  • 三大策略要務對汽車開放原始碼架構產業的影響

介紹

  • SDV是什麼？
  • OTA和SDV有什麼差別？
  • SDV 的組成：聚焦軟體
  • 中介軟體：加速開放原始碼定義視覺（SDV）黏合劑因素
  • OEM廠商面臨的挑戰以及開放原始碼採用的背景
  • OEM軟體計劃
  • 汽車作業系統對各種開發方法的要求
  • SWOT分析：開放原始碼軟體架構
  • 開源軟體架構的優勢

成長機會分析

  • 成長指標
  • 成長要素
  • 成長限制因素

競爭格局

  • 競爭格局：汽車軟體主要企業與開放原始碼平台
  • 汽車軟體管治與開放性的比較
  • 主要開放原始碼聯盟之間的差異
  • AUTOSAR
  • Automotive Grade Linux AGL
  • Android Automotive OS（AAOS）
  • Eclipse 基金會：SDV工作小組
  • 簽署 Eclipse SDV 的重要合作備忘錄 (MoU) 標誌著汽車製造商在開放原始碼軟體(OSS) 方面日益趨於一致
  • SOAFEE
  • ROS 2
  • COVESA
  • 汽車開放原始碼聯盟：2025 年能力雷達
  • 每個會員等級究竟能提供什麼價值？

OEM和供應商活動

  • 專注於開源軟體的主要原始設備製造商
  • 快速推進OEM廠商
  • 一級供應商和技術供應商

汽車開放原始碼軟體的高附加價值應用領域

  • 汽車軟體堆疊的開放原始碼重點領域
  • 車載操作系統
  • 中介軟體和資料抽象
  • 虛擬化和容器
  • ADAS和自動駕駛平台
  • 雲端/邊緣 DevOps 和叢集編配
  • 駕駛座和人機介面應用框架
  • 連結和OTA服務
  • 模擬、安全和網路安全

成長機會領域

  • 成長機會 1：開放原始碼資訊娛樂與車上體驗
  • 成長機會2：合作式高級駕駛輔助系統與自動駕駛
  • 成長機會3：開放原始碼連線與資料生態系統
  • 成長機會 4：整合開放原始碼車輛作業系統和中介軟體

附錄與未來工作

  • 成長機會帶來的益處和影響
  • 未來計劃
  • 圖表清單
  • 免責聲明
簡介目錄
Product Code: MHEA-46

From Code to Car: How Open Collaboration Accelerates the Software-Defined Vehicle Revolution

Open-source software (OSS) architectures for vehicles are entering a new phase, reshaping SDV development by enabling collaborative, cloud-native stacks across the in-vehicle and cloud domains. This Frost & Sullivan study examines how automakers, Tier Is, silicon vendors, open foundations, and toolchain providers are converging to reduce cost and time-to-market while strengthening safety and compliance. With rising emphasis on modularity and reuse, OSS is expanding beyond traditional IVI to encompass safety-applicable Linux, mixed-criticality middleware, standardized vehicle data, OTA/telematics pipelines, and cloud-edge development toolchains. The study explores key trends, including centralized/zonal E/E migration, Android-based IVI adoption, the emergence of safety-ready Linux (ELISA), the Eclipse SDV and SOAFEE initiatives for cloud-native automotive, COVESA's Vehicle Signal Specification, and the maturation of ROS for AD/ADAS. Drawing on industry experts and secondary research, it delivers a comparative benchmarking of leading ecosystems (AUTOSAR, AGL/AAOS, Eclipse SDV, SOAFEE, ROS, COVESA), maps OEM and supplier activity, and outlines market structure and maturity. It identifies near-term growth opportunities and provides partner-selection criteria, licensing/governance checklists, and actionable recommendations for OEMs, Tier Is, and technology providers.

Scope of Analysis

  • This study examines the global market for open-source software architectures, focusing on platforms, middleware, and tools that enable software-defined vehicles (SDVs).
  • It covers in-vehicle operating systems, communication middleware, development frameworks, and supporting cloud/edge toolchains.
  • Included are both industry consortia (e.g., AUTOSAR, Eclipse SDV, SOAFEE, COVESA) and open-source OS (Operating System) distributions (AGL, Android Automotive, Linux-based), as well as robotics/ADAS frameworks (ROS/Autoware, Apex.OS).
  • Frost & Sullivan defines a unit as a distinct Open-Source platform or major framework (including both specs and reference implementations).
  • The analysis includes how these open-source software (OSS) solutions influence broader automotive E/E architectures, OEM strategies, and supplier roadmaps.

Key Platforms and Consortia Covered

  • AUTOSAR Classic & Adaptive
  • Automotive Grade Linux (AGL)
  • Android Automotive OS
  • Eclipse SDV Working Group
  • SOAFEE SIG
  • COVESA (Vehicle Signal Specification)
  • ROS 2/Autoware & Apex.OS

Units Of Analysis

OS platforms, frameworks, and consortia

Inclusions:

In-vehicle software platforms for infotainment, instrument clusters, connectivity/telematics, advanced driver assistance/autonomy, and underlying OS/middleware are included. Collaborative industry initiatives (consortia, open foundations, and reference platforms) are covered.

Exclusions:

Hardware innovations (sensors, ECUs) are discussed only to contextualize software needs. Proprietary software solutions (e.g., closed real-time operating systems such as classic QNX) are mentioned for comparison but not analyzed in depth, as the focus is on open-source paradigms.

The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Automotive Open-Source Architecture Industry

Disruptive Technologies

  • Why:
    • AI inference power per $ has doubled every 18 months; in-house ECU programs still run 4-5 year cycles, creating a widening gap.
    • TensorFlow Lite, ROS 2, and Eclipse SDV logged 12,000 commitments from 50+ automotive contributors in 2024 (BMW, Bosch, Toyota).
    • Customers rate infotainment freshness every quarter, which demands a fully software-defined vehicle and not incremental firmware flashes.
  • Frost Perspective:
    • Stand up a cloud-to-car CI/CD pipeline so validated AI models ship in < 14 days.
    • Base new functions on container-ready middleware (ROS 2 Foxy +) to hot-swap perception, planning, or UI modules without rewriting the OS.
    • Assign 2 PEs to Eclipse SDV working groups-upstream early to dodge fork maintenance and gain influence credits.

Industry Convergence

  • Why:
    • Big-Tech reference stacks (NVIDIA Drive, Qualcomm ADAS) blur Tier I and II roles, forcing shared platforms.
    • COVESA's Vehicle-Data spec cut cloud/vehicle integration from 12 weeks to 4 weeks in recent OEM pilots.
    • AUTOSAR Adaptive and Android Automotive now power 50+ production programs-effectively de-facto interfaces.
  • Frost Perspective:
    • Apply for Eclipse SDV Steering membership before the 2026/03 window to gain ballot rights on Velocitas APIs.
    • Re-use community service layers (logging, diagnostics, time-sync) and redirect saved head-count to brand-ending HMI work.
    • Host quarterly plug fests with partners; publish interoperability scores internally to dismantle the closed-source mindset.

Internal Challenges

  • Why:
    • 60% of today's code base is platform-specific; every new central controller multiplies sustainment cost.
    • LinkedIn shows a 3:1 gap between posted automotive DevOps jobs and qualified applicants.
    • Fragmented legacy branches leave issues unpatched for <18 months on average, heightening cyber-risk.
  • Frost Perspective:
    • Launch an inner-source program and stand-up an Open-Source Program Office (OSPO) to drive cultural change and legal compliance.
    • Aggressively invest in upskilling; if not, software quality and time-to-market will lag competitors.
    • Stand-up a software-factory pod tasked to upstream the desired number of patches per quarter (DevOps, security, OSS legal).

Growth Drivers

  • Cybersecurity and software update regulations (UN ECE R155/R156, ISO 24089) are forcing OEMs to maintain verifiable, quickly patchable code bases, making transparent, community-hardened OS platforms the compliance path of least resistance.
  • Escalating software complexities and costs during the shift to software-defined and electrified vehicles are compelling OEMs and Tier 1s to pool non-differentiating R&D through OS foundations, eliminating per-unit license fees and shaving months off programs.
  • Production-grade, safety-certified open stacks (AUTOSAR Adaptive, SOAFE, AGL, Apex.OS) are maturing rapidly, de-risking adoption beyond infotainment into the ADAS, body, and powertrain domains.
  • OEM ambitions for recurring revenue-feature subscriptions, data marketplaces, and in-car app stores-depend on flexible, continuously updatable open architectures that lower partner integration barriers.
  • A global shortage of automotive software talent makes familiar open technologies (Linux, Android, ROS, Yocto) a magnet for developers, accelerating innovation velocity for adopters.
  • Cross-industry alliances (Eclipse SDV, COVESA, ARM SOAFEE) linking OEMs, cloud providers, and silicon vendors are creating a virtuous cycle of contribution and commercial support, lowering entry barriers for late adopters.

Growth Restraints

  • Functional-safety certification (ISO 26262, ASIL levels) and unresolved liability questions oblige OEMs to prove deterministic behavior and produce extensive documentation for every community component, slowing the use of open code in safety-critical domains.
  • Fears of intellectual-property leakage and loss of brand-differentiating know-how make OEMs and Tier Is hesitant to contribute deeply upstream, limiting the collaborative breadth that OS requires to flourish.
  • The 15-year+ product lifetime of vehicles demands rock-solid long-term maintenance for every library; unclear ownership of security patches and rising TCO for free code create executive push-back on full-scale adoption.
  • Tightening cybersecurity regulations (SBOM disclosure, OTA patch timelines) force OEMs to monitor and remediate OS vulnerabilities across complex supply chains, stretching already scarce security talent.
  • Shifting from closed, waterfall development to open collaboration requires new processes, OS Program Offices, and cultural change-an internal transition that many legacy engineering teams are struggling to execute.

Table of Contents

Research Scope

  • Scope of Analysis
  • Definitions
  • Nomenclature
  • Overview of the Structure and Content

Strategic Imperatives

  • Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
  • The Strategic Imperative 8
  • The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Automotive Open-Source Architecture Industry

Introduction

  • What is an SDV?
  • OTA Versus SDV: What is the Difference?
  • Building Blocks of the SDV: Focus on Software
  • Middleware: The Glue Accelerating Open-Source SDV Adoption
  • OEM Pain Points and Rationale for OSS
  • OEMs' Approach to Software
  • Automotive OS Requirements Across Development Approaches
  • SWOT: OSS Architecture
  • Benefits of OSS Architecture

Growth Opportunity Analysis

  • Growth Metrics
  • Growth Drivers
  • Growth Restraints

Competitive Landscape

  • Competitive Landscape: Key Participants and Open-Source Platforms in Automotive
  • Automotive Software Governance and Openness Comparison
  • How the Main Open-Source Consortia Differ
  • AUTOSAR
  • Automotive Grade Linux AGL
  • Android Automotive OS AAOS
  • Eclipse Foundation: SDV Working Group
  • Landmark Eclipse SDV MoU Signals Growing OEM Alignment on OSS
  • SOAFEE
  • ROS 2
  • COVESA
  • Automotive Open-Source Consortia: 2025 Capability Radar
  • What Each Membership Tier Really Buys You

OEM and Supplier Activity

  • Leading OSS-Centric OEMs
  • Fast Follower OEMs
  • Tier I and Technology Suppliers

High-Value Application Domains for Automotive OSS

  • Open-Source Hotspots across the Automotive Software Stack
  • In-Vehicle Operating Systems
  • Middleware and Data Abstraction
  • Virtualization and Containers
  • ADAS and Autonomous-Drive Platforms
  • Cloud/Edge DevOps and Fleet Orchestration
  • Cockpit and HMI Application Frameworks
  • Connectivity and OTA Services
  • Simulation, Safety, and Cyber

Growth Opportunity Universe

  • Growth Opportunity 1: Open-Source Infotainment and In-Vehicle Experience
  • Growth Opportunity 2: Collaborative ADAS and Autonomy
  • Growth Opportunity 3: Open-Source Connectivity and Data Ecosystems
  • Growth Opportunity 4: Unified Open-Source Vehicle OS and Middleware

Appendix & Next Steps

  • Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
  • Next Steps
  • List of Exhibits
  • Legal Disclaimer