2025年全球聯網汽車法規策略分析

聯網汽車法規將透過結合下一代汽車技術以及汽車安全、智慧和安全的新政策來促進變革性成長

本研究分析了歐洲、北美和中國聯網汽車領域各個細分市場的法律規範。嵌入式導航系統和5G技術的興起將透過應用程式和服務推動多項新的CV功能。無線（OTA）軟體更新將日益普及，以提供個人化體驗並共用個人資訊。這項技術變革將需要製定法規，以防止未授權存取個人資料、非法貿易和身分盜竊等安全風險。

本研究討論了 eCall、下一代（NG）eCall、車聯網（V2X）、蜂窩-V2X、網路安全、5G 連接、個人資料安全、智慧速度援助（ISA）、網路服務和車聯網（IoV）等技術的法規/標準。

報告涵蓋成長動力與限制、聯網汽車法規的技術趨勢以及主要發現。報告也涵蓋了北美、歐洲和中國等各地區在各自法律規範下的發展。

本報告涵蓋北美、歐洲、中國等地區各類聯網汽車技術法規的重點。本報告包含各地區法規資訊。

三大戰略推動力對全球聯網汽車法規的影響

變革大趨勢

原因：先進技術的整合、自動化、資料收集以及交通系統的革新是汽車產業的關鍵驅動力。聯網汽車、自動駕駛汽車和電動車（EV）的廣泛普及是將直接影響法律規範的關鍵趨勢。

人工智慧、5G 網路、自動駕駛、物聯網整合和智慧城市的興起改變汽車的運作方式和與周圍環境的互動方式，因此需要對聯網汽車領域制定新的法規。

Frost 的觀點：隨著聯網汽車和自動駕駛汽車的發展，法規需要解決網路安全、安全標準和交通管理等問題。預計主要框架將在2025年至2027年之間制定，與 L4 級自動駕駛汽車的推出同步。

5G 和 V2X 技術會產生大量的個人資料和位置資訊，因此需要製定嚴格的隱私法和全球標準。隨著 5G 和 V2X 的廣泛部署，很可能在未來幾年看到一系列互通性政策的訂定。

內部挑戰

原因：隨著聯網汽車、自動駕駛和電動車市場的擴大，汽車製造商、科技公司和其他相關人員將競相爭奪創新、技術和市場佔有率的主導，為塑造法規環境帶來挑戰。

不同地區之間缺乏監管協調帶來了巨大的合規挑戰：每個國家和地區都制定了自己的法規結構，導致全球標準不一致。

Frost的觀點：在未來兩到三年內，鼓勵相關人員之間加強資料共用和透明度將有助於監管機構做出更明智的決策，並幫助產業更有效地實現新標準。

促進聯網汽車、自動駕駛和電動車通用標準的發展可能有助於在未來五年內塑造方法論和跨境全球合作，例如聯合國歐洲經濟委員會（UNECE）的方法論和跨境全球合作。

競賽實力

原因：公司正努力透過自動駕駛、人工智慧和物聯網等聯網汽車技術的創新來獲得競爭優勢。

隨著聯網汽車市場的發展，消費者對個人化體驗和無縫設備整合等高級功能的需求可能會不斷成長。競爭壓力可能會導致主要企業在法規方面做出妥協，以加速產品部署。

Frost觀點：到2030年，汽車產業的創新將集中在保護消費者資料以及與監管機構合作制定平衡技術進步與風險管理的標準。

2030年，汽車製造商和相關人員將優先考慮客戶體驗、永續性和安全性，同時與減少碳排放等長期全球目標保持一致，使汽車製造商為環境和經濟進步做出重大貢獻。

分析範圍

• 本研究分析了北美、歐洲和中國三大地區聯網汽車產業的法律規範。
• 5G 互聯、自動駕駛、人工智慧資訊娛樂和增強型導航等先進技術的融合改變汽車產業。無線（OTA）更新、車聯網（V2X）通訊和車載人工智慧助理等功能正變得日益普及。
• 這些技術創新提供個人化功能、即時交通資訊和無縫設備整合，提升了車內體驗。隨著汽車互聯化和自動化程度的提高，對強力的監管措施的需求也日益增加。
• 本報告深入探討了歐洲、北美和中國的監管機構如何應對汽車產業日益增強的連結性所帶來的挑戰和機會。

成長限制因素

全球標準化差距

各國對聯網汽車法規採取不同的方法，導致自動駕駛汽車、網路安全和資料保護的標準相互衝突，使在不同地區運作的汽車製造商和供應商難以遵守規定。

基礎建設發展

聯網汽車的普及依賴5G、V2X通訊和智慧城市基礎設施，而許多地區缺乏這些基礎設施，這給普及和監管帶來了障礙。如果沒有合適的基礎設施，監管機構將面臨制定和執行車輛通訊、自動駕駛和智慧城市融合規則的挑戰。

網路安全和資料隱私

網路安全威脅和日益成長的資料隱私擔憂對聯網汽車構成了重大挑戰。確保網路安全、遵守跨境資料共用的資料隱私法規以及獲得消費者的同意可能會減緩連網汽車的廣泛應用。

外在因素

持續的關稅戰以及不斷上漲的燃油和能源價格等地緣政治因素，對全球OEM的銷售和收益成長產生負面影響，並隨著監管法規的演變而減緩創新和新技術的推廣。此外，疫情的後續影響持續影響中國等地區的市場成長。

促進因素

消費者對高階功能的需求

消費者對個人化車載體驗、無縫移動整合以及即時交通資訊的需求，推動更多聯網汽車功能的整合。同時，相關法規也不斷改進，以確保資料安全和透明度。

技術進步

5G 的推出以及自動駕駛汽車、人工智慧系統和電動汽車的興起將推動汽車行業的重大進步，需要不斷制定法規來解決安全、責任、資料隱私和電網互通性，以確保安全高效的聯網汽車技術。

監管協調

隨著聯網汽車技術在全球範圍內的擴張，對監管協調的需求也日益成長，例如網路安全、資料隱私和通訊協定的區域標準化，以確保聯網汽車能夠在不同市場安全無縫地運作。

環境與永續性目標

對綠色交通和減少排放的追求推動監管變革，將聯網汽車納入永續系統，更嚴格的排放標準、電動車採用獎勵和碳減排目標推動新法規的訂定。

目錄

汽車產業聯網汽車監管的演變

為何成長變得越來越困難？

• The Strategic Imperative 8
• 三大戰略問題及其對全球聯網汽車監管的影響

生態系統

• 分析範圍
• 主要調查結果
• 聯網汽車生態系統
• 車載資料
• 全球值得關注的汽車網路攻擊
• 全球監管概覽
• 區域法規和政策
• 即將訂定的區域法規和政策

成長環境：聯網汽車法規對汽車產業的影響

• 成長動力
• 成長阻礙因素

歐洲聯網汽車法規

• 歐洲主要法規和標準的要點

歐洲個人資料隱私和安全

• 一般資料保護規則GDPR
• GDPR 法律條款
• GDPR資料保護原則
• GDPR 汽車生態系統
• GDPR 聚焦：現況與影響
• 資料管治法案（DGA）
• 新資料保護條例
• 資料隱私法的現代摘要

eCall 強制要求：歐洲

• 強制緊急呼叫
• 緊急呼叫授權：隱私和資料保護條例
• 緊急電話授權：GDPR實施
• 下一代 eCall NG-eCall

智慧測速助理 ISA 法規 歐洲

• 個人儲蓄帳戶（ISA）法規

網路安全：歐洲

• UNECE WP.29：聯網汽車的網路安全
• WP.29 監理原則
• WP.29 關鍵要求與義務
• R155：聯合國歐洲經濟委員會網路安全管理系統（CSMS）
• R155：聯合國歐洲經濟委員會網路安全法規
• R156：UNECE軟體更新與軟體更新管理系統SUMS
• R156：軟體更新與軟體更新管理系統（SUMS）
• R155與R156的比較

5G連接：歐洲

• 案例研究：歐洲5G跨境管控：5G CroCo試驗與測試
• 5G：歐洲的政策和標準化

蜂窩車聯網 C-V2X 部署：歐洲

• 5.9 GHz的C-V2X
• C-V2X 與 DSRC：比較概述
• C-V2X：主要頻寬分配配置的部署
• 對歐洲汽車製造商的影響

北美連網汽車法規

• 關鍵監管和標準要點：北美
• 北美聯網汽車標準概述

個人資料隱私和安全：北美

• 實施國家資料隱私法
• 美國各州隱私權法的分佈
• 加州消費者隱私法案 CCPA：汽車
• CCPA 2.0 或加州隱私權法案 CPRA
• CCPA 與 CPRA：比較概述
• 維吉尼亞消費者資料保護法（VCDPA）
• 科羅拉多隱私法案 CPA
• PIPEDA*個人資料法：加拿大
• PIPEDA 更新：加拿大
• 加拿大資料隱私法摘要
• LFPDPPP*個人資料法：墨西哥
• 個人資料法更新：墨西哥

Web 服務：北美

• ISO20078：Web服務

網路安全：北美

• NHTSA活動網路安全
• NHTSA Security and Privacy in Your Car SPY Act of 2017
• 網路安全措施摘要及影響

V2X：北美

• V2X通訊
• V2X通訊標準
• V2X 和 C-V2X 更新
• NHTSA 活動V2X通訊

數位鑰匙和超寬頻UWB：北美

• 汽車互聯聯盟 CCC 數位鑰匙 3.0 版
• 數位金鑰版本 3.0 和 FCC UWB 標準的主要亮點
• 對北美汽車製造商的影響

連網汽車法規：中國

• 中國主要法規標準摘要

個人資料隱私與安全：中國

• 中國個人資訊保護法

車聯網標準：中國

• 國家車聯網產業標準體系
• 車聯網 IoV 更新

汽車資料安全與車輛安全：中國

• 汽車資料安全監管：中國
• 汽車資料安全法規：中國
• 汽車資料處理安全指南 TC260-001

網路安全：中國

• 網路安全監理：中國

車輛間 V2X/C-V2X：中國

• C-V2X產業與標準
• C-V2X團體標準
• C-V2X 政策和更新

5G連接：中國

• 5G連線：時間線

區域法規：中國

• 區域規劃提案/政策：中國
• 對中國汽車製造商的影響

成長機會宇宙

• 成長機會1：擴大車輛連通性
• 成長機會2：監理標準的協調
• 成長機會3：更重視資料隱私與網路安全

附錄與後續步驟

• 成長機會的益處和影響
• 後續步驟
• 附件列表
• 免責聲明

Connected Car Regulations are Driving Transformational Growth Through the Synergy of Next-gen Vehicle Technologies and New Policies for Vehicle Security, Intelligence, and Safety

This study analyzes the regulatory framework of the connected vehicle sector's various segments in Europe, North America, and China. The increase in embedded navigation systems and 5G technology will drive several new CV features through an app or service. The deployment of over-the-air (OTA) software updates and personal information sharing for a personalized experience will grow. This technological shift will require regulations to prevent security risks, such as unauthorized access to personal data, fraudulent transactions, and identity theft.

This research discusses regulations/standards on the following technologies: eCall, next-generation (NG) eCall, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), cellular-V2X, cybersecurity, 5G connectivity, personal data security, intelligent speed assistance (ISA), web services, and internet of vehicles (IoVs).

The report comprises growth drivers and restraints, technology trends for connected car regulations, and key findings. It covers region-specific advancement for each technology, including North America, Europe, and China, on their individual regulatory framework.

There are key takeaways for each category of connected car technology regulation for regions such as North America, Europe, and China. The report consists of information on regional regulations in each region.

The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Global Connected Car Regulations

Transformative Megatrends

Why: The integration of advanced technologies, automation, data collection, and the evolution of transportation systems is a primary driver in the automotive industry. The widespread adoption of connected, autonomous, and electric vehicles (EVs) is a key trend that directly influences regulatory frameworks.

The rise of AI, 5G networks, autonomous driving, IoT integration, and smart cities is transforming how vehicles function and interact with their surroundings, creating the need for new regulations in the connected car space.

Frost Perspective: As connected and autonomous vehicles advance, regulations must address cybersecurity, safety standards, and traffic management. Key frameworks are expected by 2025 to 2027, coinciding with the L4 autonomy rollout.

Strict privacy laws and global standards are necessary for 5G and V2X technologies as they generate massive personal and geolocation data. Many interoperability policies will likely be announced in the next 2 to 3 years as 5G and V2X spread widely.

Internal Challenges

Why: As the market for connected, autonomous, and EVs grows, automakers, technology companies, and other stakeholders compete to lead in innovation, technology, and market share, creating challenges in shaping the regulatory environment.

Lack of harmonization in regulations across different regions creates significant challenges for compliance. Each country or region develops its own regulatory framework, resulting in inconsistent standards globally.

Frost Perspective: Over the next 2 to 3 years, facilitating data sharing and transparency among stakeholders will help regulators make informed decisions and enable industries to achieve emerging standards more efficiently.

Encouraging the development of universal standards for connected, autonomous, and electric vehicles would help align methodologies such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and other global collaborations across borders in the next 5 years.

Competitive Intensity

Why: Companies strive for competitiveness through innovation in connected car technologies, such as autonomous driving, AI, and IoT, which push the boundaries for other stakeholders to adapt quickly to the changing dynamics.

As the connected car market evolves, consumer demand for advanced features, including personalized experiences and seamless device integration, will increase. Competitive pressures may lead companies to compromise on regulations to accelerate their product rollouts.

Frost Perspective: By 2030, innovation in the automotive industry will focus on safeguarding consumer data and engaging with regulators to form standards that balance technological progress with risk management.

By 2030, automakers and stakeholders will prioritize customer experience, sustainability, and safety while aligning with global long-term goals such as carbon emission reduction. This will allow them to contribute significantly to environmental and economic progress.

Scope of Analysis

• This study analyzes the evolving regulatory frameworks surrounding the connected car sector across 3 key regions: North America (NA), Europe, and China.
• The integration of advanced technologies, including 5G connectivity, autonomous driving, AI-powered infotainment, and enhanced navigation, is transforming the automotive sector. Features such as over-the-air (OTA) updates, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, and in-car AI assistants are becoming more widespread.
• These innovations will enhance in-car experiences, offering personalized features, real-time traffic updates, and seamless device integration. As vehicles become more connected and autonomous, the need for robust regulatory measures will grow.
• The report will provide insights into how regulatory bodies in Europe, North America, and China address the challenges and opportunities posed by the increased connectivity in the automotive sector.

Growth Restraints

Global Standardized Gaps

Countries adopt different approaches to connected car regulations, creating inconsistencies in standards for autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity, and data protection. This makes compliance challenging for automakers and suppliers operating in diverse regions.

Infrastructure Development

Adoption of connected vehicles depends on 5G, V2X communications, and smart city infrastructure, which many regions lack, creating a barrier to adoption and regulations. Without proper infrastructure, regulatory bodies face challenges defining and enforcing rules for vehicle communication, autonomous operations, and smart city integration.

Cybersecurity and Data Privacy

Rising cybersecurity threats and data privacy concerns are major challenges for connected cars, as vulnerabilities to vast amounts of user data generated raise risks to vehicle safety and privacy. Ensuring cybersecurity, addressing data privacy regulations around cross-border data sharing, and gaining consumer consent could slow adoption.

External Factors

Geopolitical factors, including the ongoing tariff wars and rising fuel and energy prices, have detrimental impacts on sales and revenue growth for global OEMs, slowing innovation and the rollout of new technologies in line with regulatory developments. Additionally, the after-effects of the pandemic continue to impact market growth in regions such as China.

Growth Drivers

Consumer Demand for Advanced Features

Consumer demand for personalized in-car experiences, seamless mobile integration, and real-time traffic updates will promote the integration of more connected car features inside vehicles. This growth will be accompanied by evolving regulations to ensure data security and transparency.

Technological Advancements

The 5G rollout and the rise of autonomous vehicles, AI-driven systems, and EVs drive significant automotive advancements. This requires evolving regulations to address safety, liability, data privacy, and grid interoperability, ensuring secure and efficient connected car technologies.

Harmonization of Regulations

As connected car technologies expand globally, the need for regulatory alignment increases. For instance, standardizing cybersecurity, data privacy, and communication protocols across regions will ensure that connected vehicles can operate safely and seamlessly in different markets.

Environmental and Sustainability Goals

The push for green transportation and emission reductions is prompting regulatory changes to integrate connected cars into sustainable systems, with stricter emission standards, EV adoption incentives, and carbon reduction targets driving new regulations.

Table of Contents

Evolution of Connected Car Regulations in the Automotive Industry

Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?

• The Strategic Imperative 8
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Global Connected Car Regulations

Ecosystem

• Scope of Analysis
• Key Findings
• Connected Vehicle Ecosystem
• In-vehicle Data
• Notable Global Automotive Cyberattacks
• Global Regulatory Overview: Global
• Regulations, Standards, and Policies by Region
• Upcoming* Regulations, Standards, and Policies by Region

Growth Environment: Impact of Connected Car Regulations in the Automotive Industry

• Growth Drivers
• Growth Restraints

Connected Vehicle Regulations: Europe

• Highlights of Key Regulations and Standards in Europe

Personal Data Privacy and Security: Europe

• General Data Protection Regulation GDPR
• GDPR: Legal Terms
• GDPR: Data Protection Principles
• GDPR: Automotive Ecosystem
• GDPR in Focus: Current Landscape and Impacts
• Data Governance Act DGA
• Emerging Regulations on Data Protection
• Summary of Data Privacy Laws Update

eCall Mandate: Europe

• eCall Mandate
• eCall Mandate: Privacy And Data Protection Rules
• eCall Mandate: GDPR Implementation
• Next Generation eCall NG-eCall

Intelligent Speed Assistant ISA Regulations: Europe

• ISA Regulations

Cybersecurity: Europe

• UNECE WP.29: Cybersecurity in Connected Vehicles
• WP.29 Regulation: Principles
• WP.29 Key Requirements and Mandates
• R155: Cybersecurity Management System CSMS by UNECE
• R155: UNECE Cybersecurity Regulation
• R156: Software Updates and Software Update Management System SUMS by UNECE
• R156: Software Updates and Software Update Management Systems SUMS
• R155 and R156: A Comparative Overview

5G Connectivity: Europe

• Case Study: 5G Cross-border Control 5GCroCo Trial and Tests in Europe
• 5G: Policies and Standards in Europe

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything C-V2X Deployment: Europe

• C-V2X at 5.9 Gigahertz GHz
• C-V2X and DSRC: A Comparative Overview
• C-V2X: Key Allocation Band Configuration Deployment
• Impact on Automakers in Europe

Connected Vehicle Regulations: North America

• Highlights of Key Regulations and Standards: North America
• Connected Car Standards Overview: North America

Personal Data Privacy and Security: North America

• Implementation of the National Data Privacy Law
• Distribution of Privacy Laws by US State
• California Consumer Privacy Act CCPA: Automotive
• CCPA 2.0 or California Privacy Rights Act CPRA
• CCPA and CPRA: A Comparative Overview
• Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act VCDPA
• Colorado Privacy Act CPA
• PIPEDA* Personal Data Act: Canada
• PIPEDA Updates: Canada
• Summary of Data Privacy Laws: Canada
• LFPDPPP* Personal Data Act: Mexico
• Personal Data Act Updates: Mexico

Web Services: North America

• ISO 20078: Web Services

Cybersecurity: North America

• NHTSA in Action: Cybersecurity
• NHTSA Security and Privacy in Your Car SPY Act of 2017
• Summary of Cybersecurity Measures and Impacts

V2X: North America

• V2X Communications
• V2X Communications Standards
• V2X and C-V2X Updates
• NHTSA in Action: V2X Communications

Digital Key and Ultra-wideband UWB: North America

• The Car Connectivity Consortium CCC's Digital Key Release 3.0
• Digital Key Release 3.0 Highlights and FCC UWB Standards
• Impact on Automakers in North America

Connected Vehicle Regulations: China

• Highlights of Key Regulations and Standards in China

Personal Data Privacy and Security: China

• Personal Information Protection Law PIPL in China

Internet of Vehicle IoV Standards: China

• National IoV Industry Standard System
• Internet of Vehicles IoV Updates

Automotive Data Security and Vehicle Security: China

• Management of Automotive Data Security Regulation: China
• Automotive Data Security Regulation: China
• Security Guidelines for Processing Vehicle Data: TC260-001

Cybersecurity: China

• Cybersecurity Regulations: China

Vehicle-to-Everything V2X/C-V2X: China

• C-V2X Industry and Standards
• C-V2X Group Standards
• C-V2X Policies and Updates

5G Connectivity: China

• 5G Connectivity Timeline

Regional Regulations: China

• Regional Plans for Proposals/Policies: China
• Impact on Automakers in China

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Expanding Vehicle Connectivity
• Growth Opportunity 2: Harmonization of Regulatory Standards
• Growth Opportunity 3: Rising Focus on Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Appendix & Next Steps

• Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
• Next Steps
• List of Exhibits
• Legal Disclaimer