全球工業生物製造市場（2027-2037 年）

The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037

出版日期: 2026年08月18日 | 出版商:

Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 635 Pages, 312 Tables, 41 Figures | 訂單完成後即時交付

價格

簡介目錄圖表

工業生物製造利用微生物、哺乳動物、植物和昆蟲細胞等生物系統，以及日益普及的無細胞酵素平台，生產傳統上由石油化學原料製造或從天然資源中提取的分子。該領域涵蓋六大商業部門：生物製藥、工業酵素、生質燃料、生質塑膠、生物化學品和農業技術。該領域的經濟可行性並非基於單一論點，而是基於以下三點。首先是脫碳。在化學品、燃料、材料和食品配料領域，生物製程正在取代化石衍生的原料。隨著碳價格的上漲，成本差距將從結構性而非週期性地縮小。其次是供應鏈的韌性。發酵製程可以建在需求點附近，並可運作本地碳源或廢棄物衍生的碳作為燃料。這是一項明確的政策。美國於2025年12月頒布了「生物安全法案」（BIOSCURE Act），國家新興生物技術安全委員會指出，國內缺乏規模化生產能力是一項結構性缺陷。同時，中國也公佈了一系列目標產品以吸引投資。第三個面向是價值創造。生物製造不僅可以取代原料，還能在菌株設計、生物製程工程和下游分離等領域建構新的產業生態系。

生物製藥仍是最大的價值來源，預計到2030年，其市場規模將接近1兆美元，涵蓋單株抗體、疫苗、重組蛋白以及快速成長的細胞、基因和RNA療法等領域。工業酵素市場已發展成熟，價值數十億美元。生質燃料是產量最大的領域，而生質塑膠、生物化學品和農業技術則繼續從小小規模發展壯大。多個領域的前沿技術正在同步進步。人工智慧驅動的蛋白質和代謝途徑設計正在縮短設計-建造-測試週期；連續和高密度發酵正在取代批次操作；無細胞系統正在消除細胞活力的限制；而C1氣體、木質纖維素和回收的二氧化碳等替代原料正在減少對糧食作物的依賴。

此外必須仔細審視該領域的過往業績。 2019年至2026年間，POET公司在「自由計畫」（Project Liberty）下停止了纖維素生質燃料的生產，科萊恩公司關閉了位於波達利（Podali）的工廠，退出了生質燃料業務。富克倫生物能源公司（Fulcrum Bioenergy）和紅岩生物燃料公司（Red Rock Biofuels）在未完成商業化生產的情況下申請破產，恩納化學公司（Enerchem）的兩家工廠均已倒閉，維裡多斯公司（Viridos）在埃克森美孚終止其3.5億美元的藻類項目後申請了破產保護。目前，全球尚無任何商業規模的生質能氣化或費托合成工廠運作。公佈的產能始終高於實際產能，因此，對產能的預測應基於能夠實現規模化生產的假設，而事實證明，規模化生產遠比預期困難得多。

「全球工業生物製造市場（2027-2037）」報告對六大商業領域的工業生物製造進行了全面評估，結合了技術分析、至2037年的市場預測以及1000多家公司的概況。在脫碳目標、供應鏈安全問題以及人工智慧驅動的生物設計興起的推動下，工業生物製造已從一種簡單的替代方案轉變為戰略性產業挑戰。本報告探討了哪些技術已經真正商業化，哪些技術仍處於商業化前期，以及哪些已公佈的產能尚未實現。報告首先檢驗了生產平台（微生物發酵、哺乳動物、植物和昆蟲細胞培養、基因工程系統以及無細胞生物製造），然後深入探討了合成生物學、基於CRISPR的菌株工程、連續和強化製程、下游分離以及人工智慧和機器人技術在生物製程設計中的應用等基礎技術。

接下來，該報告在六個市場章節中評估了生物製藥、工業酵素、生質燃料、生質塑膠、生物化學品和農業技術。每個章節涵蓋技術和材料分析、市場促進因素、法規、價值鏈、技術成熟度、目標市場規模、風險和機遇，以及按產品類型、應用和地區分類的全球銷售預測。報告包含截至2037年的收入和預測數據、可再生柴油、生物柴油、噴射機燃料、生質乙醇、生物甲烷和生物液化天然氣的歷史產能和消費量，以及對包括廢棄脂質、木質纖維素、C1和C2氣體以及回收二氧化碳在內的原料可用性的詳細評估。此外，報告還包含1080多家公司的簡介，包括公司概況、企業發展國家和網站等資訊。

摘要整理- 定義和範圍、流程、關鍵組成部分、經濟意義、生物技術多樣性、市場、人工智慧和機器人、新興技術
生產－微生物發酵、哺乳動物細胞培養、植物細胞培養、昆蟲細胞培養、基因改造動植物、技術、規模、操作形式、宿主生物
生物製藥－概述、技術分析、市場分析、公司簡介
工業用酵素（生物催化劑）－概述、技術分析、市場分析、公司簡介
生質燃料－概述、技術分析、市場分析、公司簡介
生質塑膠－概述、技術分析、市場分析、公司簡介
生化產品－概況、技術分析、市場分析、公司簡介
農業技術－概述、技術分析、市場分析、公司簡介

本次重點介紹的公司包括：3Bar Biologics, 3DBioFibR, 3M, 9Fiber, Inc., AbbVie, Absci Corp, Adaptive Symbiotic Technologies, ADBioplastics, Adjuvants Plus, Adriano di Marti/Desserto, Aduro Clean Technologies, Inc., Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Aemetis, Inc., AEP Polymers, Aeropowder Limited, AFINGEN®, Afyren, AGAE Technologies LLC, Again Bio, AgBiome, Agilyx, Agra Energy, Agragene, AGRANA Staerke GmbH, Agrinos, Agrivida, Agrobiomics, AgroRenew, AgroSpheres, Ahlstrom-Munksjo Oyj, AI Proteins, Air Company, Aircela Inc, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Algaeing, Algal Bio Co., Ltd., Algenesis Corporation, Algenie, Algenl, Algenol, Alginor ASA, Algix LLC, Allied Carbon Solutions, Allozymes, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Alpha Biofuels (Singapore) Pte Ltd, Alto Neuroscience, AM Green, Amano Enzyme Inc., Amatera, Amfora, Amgen, AmicaTerra, Aminoverse, Amphista Therapeutics, AmphiStar, Amply Discovery, AMSilk GmbH, An Phat Bioplastics, Ananas Anam Ltd., Andermatt Biocontrol, Andritz AG, Anellotech, Inc., Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd., Anodyne Chemistries, ANPOLY, Inc., Anqing He Xing Chemical Co., Ltd., Ansa Biotechnologies, Antheia, APChemi Pvt. Ltd., Apeiron Bioenergy, Aperam BioEnergia, Apexzymes, Aphea.Bio, Applied Bioplastics, Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA), Aqemia, Aquafil S.p.A., Aquapak Polymers Ltd, Arcadia Biosciences, Arcadia eFuels, Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM), Arctic Biomaterials Oy, Ardra Bio, Arekapak GmbH, Arkema S.A, Arlanxeo, Arrow Greentech, Arysta LifeScience, Arzeda, Arzeda Corp., Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, ASB Biodiesel Limited, Ascribe Bioscience, AstraZeneca, Atantares, Athos Therapeutics, Atlantica Agricola, Atmonia, Atomwise, Attis Innovations, llc, Aurigene Pharmaceutical Services, AVA Biochem AG, Avalon BioEnergy, Avani Eco, Avantium B.V., Avicenna Biosciences, Avient Corporation, Avioxx, Axcelon Biopolymers Corporation, Ayas Renewables Inc., Azolla, Azotic Technologies, B-PREG, Balrampur Chini Mills, Bambooder Biobased Fibers B.V., Basecamp Research, BASF, BASF SE, Bast Fiber Technologies, Inc., Bayer CropScience, BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd., Bcomp ltd., BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH, BEE Biofuel, Bee Vectoring Technologies, BeiGene, Benefuel Inc., BenevolentAI, Better Fibre Technologies, Betulium Oy, Beyond Leather Materials ApS, BigHat Biosciences, BigSis, Bio Fab NZ, BIO-FED, BIO-LUTIONS International AG, Bio-Oils, Bio2Materials Sp. z o.o., Bio2Oil ApS, BioAge Labs, Biobest, BioBetter, Biocatalysts Ltd., Bioceres Crop Solutions, Biocon, BioConsortia, BIOD Energy, BioEnz Technologies, Bioextrax AB, Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Biofibre GmbH, Biofine Technology, LLC, Bioform Technologies, Biofy, BiogasClean A/S, Biogen, Biojet AS, Biokemik, Bioleather, Biolevel, Biolexis Therapeutics, Bioline AgroSciences, BIOLO, BioLogiQ, Inc., BioMap, Biomass Resin Holdings Co., Ltd., Biomatter, Biomatter Designs, Biome Bioplastics, Biome Makers, Bionema, BioNTech, BioPhero, Biophilica, BioPhy, Bioplastech Ltd, Bioplastix, Biopolax, Bioptimus SAS, BioSolutions, Biosyntia, Biotalys, BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG, Biotecam, Biotechnology SL, Biotelliga, Biotensidion GmbH, Biotic Circular Technologies Ltd., Biotrem, Biotrop, Biovox, Bioweg, bitBiome, BlockTexx Pty Ltd., Bloom Biorenewables SA, BluCon Biotech GmbH, Blue BioFuels, Inc., Blue Ocean Closures, BlueAlp Technology, Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd., Bolt Threads, Bontera, Boreal Bioproducts, Borealis AG, Borregaard Chemcell, Bosk Bioproducts Inc., Botanical Solutions, Bowil Biotech Sp. z o.o., Braskem SA, Braven Environmental, LLC, Brightmark Energy, Brightseed, Bristol Myers Squibb, bse Methanol GmbH, BTG Bioliquids B.V., Bucha Bio, Inc., Burgo Group S.p.A., Buyo Bioplastic Ltd., Byogy Renewables, Inc., B’ZEOS, C-Zero Inc., C1 Green Chemicals AG, C16 Biosciences, Cambrium GmbH, Caphenia GmbH, CARAPAC Company, Carapace Biopolymers, Carbiolice, Carbios, Carbon Collect Limited, Carbon Crusher, Carbon Engineering Ltd., Carbon Infinity Limited, Carbon Recycling International, Carbon Sink LLC, Carbonade, CarbonBridge, Carbonwave, Carbyon BV, Cardia Bioplastics Ltd., Cardolite, Cargill, Cascade Biocatalysts, Cascade Biocatalysts, Inc., Cass Materials Pty Ltd, Cassandra Oil AB, Casterra Ag Ltd., Catalyxx, Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd., Celanese Corporation, Cellicon B.V., CellON, Celltrion, Cellucomp Ltd., Celluforce, Cellugy, Cellutech AB (Stora Enso), Celtic Renewables Ltd., Century Health Technology, Inc., Ceradis, Cereal Process Technologies (CPT), CERT Systems, Inc., Certis USA, CF Industries Holdings, Inc., CH-Bioforce Oy, ChainCraft, ChakraTech, Checkerspot, Inc., Chempolis Oy, Chestnut Bio Polymers, ChiralVision B.V., Chitelix, Chitose Bio Evolution Pte Ltd., Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products Co., Ltd., Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., Cibus, CIMV, CinderBio, Circa Group, Circla Nordic, Circular Systems, CJ Biomaterials, Inc., Clariant, Clariant AG, CleanJoule, Climeworks, CNF Biofuel AS, CO2BioClean, Coastgrass ApS, Codexis, COFCO Cooperation Ltd., Coffeeco Upcycle, Conagen, Concentric Agriculture, Concord Blue Engineering, Constructive Bio, Cool Planet Energy Systems, Corn Next, Corsair Group International, Corteva Agriscience, Corumat, Inc. 等。

Industrial biomanufacturing uses living systems - microbes, mammalian, plant and insect cells, and increasingly cell-free enzymatic platforms - to produce molecules that would otherwise be made from petrochemical feedstocks or extracted from natural sources. It spans six commercial domains: biopharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, biofuels, bioplastics, biochemicals and bio-agritech. The sector's economic case rests on three arguments rather than one. The first is decarbonisation: biological routes displace fossil feedstocks across chemicals, fuels, materials and food ingredients, and where carbon pricing tightens the cost gap narrows structurally rather than cyclically. The second is supply-chain resilience, since fermentation can be sited close to demand and run on local or waste-derived carbon. This has become explicit policy: the United States enacted the BIOSECURE Act in December 2025 and its National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology has identified limited domestic scale-up capacity as a structural weakness, while China has published target product lists to direct investment. The third is value capture - biomanufacturing creates new industrial ecosystems in strain design, bioprocess engineering and downstream separation rather than merely substituting inputs.

Biopharmaceuticals remain the largest value pool, with an addressable market approaching $1 trillion by 2030 across monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, recombinant proteins and the faster-growing cell, gene and RNA therapeutic segments. Industrial enzymes represent a mature multi-billion dollar market. Biofuels are the largest volume segment, and bioplastics, biochemicals and bio-agritech expanding from smaller bases. The technology frontier is moving on several fronts simultaneously: AI-driven protein and pathway design compressing design-build-test cycles; continuous and intensified fermentation displacing batch operation; cell-free systems removing the constraints of cell viability; and alternative feedstocks - C1 gases, lignocellulosics and captured CO₂ - reducing dependence on food crops.

The sector's record also warrants caution. Between 2019 and 2026 POET halted cellulosic production at Project Liberty, Clariant closed its Podari plant and exited biofuels, Fulcrum BioEnergy and Red Rock Biofuels entered bankruptcy without completing commercial production, both Enerkem sites failed, and Viridos filed for Chapter 11 after ExxonMobil ended a $350 million algae programme. No commercial biomass gasification-Fischer-Tropsch plant operates anywhere. Announced capacity consistently exceeds realised capacity, and forecasts should be read as contingent on a scale-up that has repeatedly proven harder than projected.

The Global Industrial Biomanufacturing Market 2027-2037 provides a comprehensive assessment of industrial biomanufacturing across its six commercial domains, combining technology analysis, market forecasts to 2037 and profiles of more than 1,000 companies. Industrial biomanufacturing has moved from a substitution play to a matter of industrial strategy, driven by decarbonisation targets, supply-chain security concerns and the emergence of AI-enabled biological design. This report examines what is genuinely commercial, what remains pre-commercial, and where announced capacity has failed to materialise. Coverage begins with production platforms - microbial fermentation, mammalian, plant and insect cell culture, transgenic systems and cell-free biomanufacturing - before addressing enabling technologies including synthetic biology, CRISPR-based strain engineering, continuous and intensified processing, downstream separation, and AI and robotics in bioprocess design.

Six market chapters then assess biopharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, biofuels, bioplastics, biochemicals and bio-agritech. Each covers technology and materials analysis, market drivers, regulations, value chain, technology readiness, addressable market size, risks and opportunities, and global revenue forecasts segmented by product type, application and region. The report includes revenue and volume forecasts to 2037, capacity and consumption series for renewable diesel, biodiesel, bio-jet fuel, bioethanol, biomethane and bio-LNG, and detailed assessments of feedstock availability including waste lipids, lignocellulosics, C1 and C2 gases, and captured CO₂. More than 1,080 companies are profiled with descriptions, country of operation and website.

Contents

Executive Summary - definition and scope, processes, key components, economic importance, colours of biotechnology, markets, AI and robotics, emerging technologies
Production - microbial fermentation, mammalian cell culture, plant cell culture, insect cell culture, transgenic animals and plants, technologies, scale, mode of operation, host organisms
Biopharmaceuticals - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
Industrial Enzymes (Biocatalysts) - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
Biofuels - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
Bioplastics - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
Biochemicals - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles
Bio-Agritech - overview, technology analysis, market analysis, company profiles

Companies profiled include 3Bar Biologics, 3DBioFibR, 3M, 9Fiber, Inc., AbbVie, Absci Corp, Adaptive Symbiotic Technologies, ADBioplastics, Adjuvants Plus, Adriano di Marti/Desserto, Aduro Clean Technologies, Inc., Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Aemetis, Inc., AEP Polymers, Aeropowder Limited, AFINGEN®, Afyren, AGAE Technologies LLC, Again Bio, AgBiome, Agilyx, Agra Energy, Agragene, AGRANA Staerke GmbH, Agrinos, Agrivida, Agrobiomics, AgroRenew, AgroSpheres, Ahlstrom-Munksjo Oyj, AI Proteins, Air Company, Aircela Inc, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Algaeing, Algal Bio Co., Ltd., Algenesis Corporation, Algenie, Algenl, Algenol, Alginor ASA, Algix LLC, Allied Carbon Solutions, Allozymes, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Alpha Biofuels (Singapore) Pte Ltd, Alto Neuroscience, AM Green, Amano Enzyme Inc., Amatera, Amfora, Amgen, AmicaTerra, Aminoverse, Amphista Therapeutics, AmphiStar, Amply Discovery, AMSilk GmbH, An Phat Bioplastics, Ananas Anam Ltd., Andermatt Biocontrol, Andritz AG, Anellotech, Inc., Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd., Anodyne Chemistries, ANPOLY, Inc., Anqing He Xing Chemical Co., Ltd., Ansa Biotechnologies, Antheia, APChemi Pvt. Ltd., Apeiron Bioenergy, Aperam BioEnergia, Apexzymes, Aphea.Bio, Applied Bioplastics, Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA), Aqemia, Aquafil S.p.A., Aquapak Polymers Ltd, Arcadia Biosciences, Arcadia eFuels, Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM), Arctic Biomaterials Oy, Ardra Bio, Arekapak GmbH, Arkema S.A, Arlanxeo, Arrow Greentech, Arysta LifeScience, Arzeda, Arzeda Corp., Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, ASB Biodiesel Limited, Ascribe Bioscience, AstraZeneca, Atantares, Athos Therapeutics, Atlantica Agricola, Atmonia, Atomwise, Attis Innovations, llc, Aurigene Pharmaceutical Services, AVA Biochem AG, Avalon BioEnergy, Avani Eco, Avantium B.V., Avicenna Biosciences, Avient Corporation, Avioxx, Axcelon Biopolymers Corporation, Ayas Renewables Inc., Azolla, Azotic Technologies, B-PREG, Balrampur Chini Mills, Bambooder Biobased Fibers B.V., Basecamp Research, BASF, BASF SE, Bast Fiber Technologies, Inc., Bayer CropScience, BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd., Bcomp ltd., BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH, BEE Biofuel, Bee Vectoring Technologies, BeiGene, Benefuel Inc., BenevolentAI, Better Fibre Technologies, Betulium Oy, Beyond Leather Materials ApS, BigHat Biosciences, BigSis, Bio Fab NZ, BIO-FED, BIO-LUTIONS International AG, Bio-Oils, Bio2Materials Sp. z o.o., Bio2Oil ApS, BioAge Labs, Biobest, BioBetter, Biocatalysts Ltd., Bioceres Crop Solutions, Biocon, BioConsortia, BIOD Energy, BioEnz Technologies, Bioextrax AB, Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Biofibre GmbH, Biofine Technology, LLC, Bioform Technologies, Biofy, BiogasClean A/S, Biogen, Biojet AS, Biokemik, Bioleather, Biolevel, Biolexis Therapeutics, Bioline AgroSciences, BIOLO, BioLogiQ, Inc., BioMap, Biomass Resin Holdings Co., Ltd., Biomatter, Biomatter Designs, Biome Bioplastics, Biome Makers, Bionema, BioNTech, BioPhero, Biophilica, BioPhy, Bioplastech Ltd, Bioplastix, Biopolax, Bioptimus SAS, BioSolutions, Biosyntia, Biotalys, BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG, Biotecam, Biotechnology SL, Biotelliga, Biotensidion GmbH, Biotic Circular Technologies Ltd., Biotrem, Biotrop, Biovox, Bioweg, bitBiome, BlockTexx Pty Ltd., Bloom Biorenewables SA, BluCon Biotech GmbH, Blue BioFuels, Inc., Blue Ocean Closures, BlueAlp Technology, Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd., Bolt Threads, Bontera, Boreal Bioproducts, Borealis AG, Borregaard Chemcell, Bosk Bioproducts Inc., Botanical Solutions, Bowil Biotech Sp. z o.o., Braskem SA, Braven Environmental, LLC, Brightmark Energy, Brightseed, Bristol Myers Squibb, bse Methanol GmbH, BTG Bioliquids B.V., Bucha Bio, Inc., Burgo Group S.p.A., Buyo Bioplastic Ltd., Byogy Renewables, Inc., B’ZEOS, C-Zero Inc., C1 Green Chemicals AG, C16 Biosciences, Cambrium GmbH, Caphenia GmbH, CARAPAC Company, Carapace Biopolymers, Carbiolice, Carbios, Carbon Collect Limited, Carbon Crusher, Carbon Engineering Ltd., Carbon Infinity Limited, Carbon Recycling International, Carbon Sink LLC, Carbonade, CarbonBridge, Carbonwave, Carbyon BV, Cardia Bioplastics Ltd., Cardolite, Cargill, Cascade Biocatalysts, Cascade Biocatalysts, Inc., Cass Materials Pty Ltd, Cassandra Oil AB, Casterra Ag Ltd., Catalyxx, Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd., Celanese Corporation, Cellicon B.V., CellON, Celltrion, Cellucomp Ltd., Celluforce, Cellugy, Cellutech AB (Stora Enso), Celtic Renewables Ltd., Century Health Technology, Inc., Ceradis, Cereal Process Technologies (CPT), CERT Systems, Inc., Certis USA, CF Industries Holdings, Inc., CH-Bioforce Oy, ChainCraft, ChakraTech, Checkerspot, Inc., Chempolis Oy, Chestnut Bio Polymers, ChiralVision B.V., Chitelix, Chitose Bio Evolution Pte Ltd., Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products Co., Ltd., Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., Cibus, CIMV, CinderBio, Circa Group, Circla Nordic, Circular Systems, CJ Biomaterials, Inc., Clariant, Clariant AG, CleanJoule, Climeworks, CNF Biofuel AS, CO2BioClean, Coastgrass ApS, Codexis, COFCO Cooperation Ltd., Coffeeco Upcycle, Conagen, Concentric Agriculture, Concord Blue Engineering, Constructive Bio, Cool Planet Energy Systems, Corn Next, Corsair Group International, Corteva Agriscience, Corumat, Inc. and more....

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Definition and Scope of Industrial Biomanufacturing
1.2 Overview of Industrial Biomanufacturing Processes
1.3 Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing
1.4 Importance of Industrial Biomanufacturing in the Global Economy
1.5 Colours of Biotechnology
1.6 Markets
- 1.6.1 Biopharmaceuticals
- 1.6.2 Industrial Enzymes
- 1.6.3 Biofuels
- 1.6.4 Biomaterials and Bioplastics
- 1.6.5 Specialty Chemicals
- 1.6.6 Food and Beverage
- 1.6.7 Agriculture and Animal Health
- 1.6.8 Environmental Biotechnology
1.7 AI and Robotics in Biomanufacturing
1.8 Other Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Biomanufacturing

2 PRODUCTION

2.1 Microbial Fermentation
2.2 Mammalian Cell Culture
2.3 Plant Cell Culture
2.4 Insect Cell Culture
- 2.4.1 Overview
- 2.4.2 Cell lines
- 2.4.3 Process characteristics
- 2.4.4 Glycosylation
- 2.4.5 Commercial applications
- 2.4.6 Position within industrial biomanufacturing
2.5 Transgenic Animals
2.6 Transgenic Plants
2.7 Technologies
- 2.7.1 Upstream Processing
  - 2.7.1.1 Cell Culture
    - 2.7.1.1.1 Overview
    - 2.7.1.1.2 Types of Cell Culture Systems
    - 2.7.1.1.3 Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance
    - 2.7.1.1.4 Advances in Cell Culture Technology
      - 2.7.1.1.4.1 Single-use systems
      - 2.7.1.1.4.2 Process analytical technology (PAT)
      - 2.7.1.1.4.3 Cell line development
- 2.7.2 Fermentation
  - 2.7.2.1 Overview
    - 2.7.2.1.1 Types of Fermentation Processes
    - 2.7.2.1.2 Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance
    - 2.7.2.1.3 Advances in Fermentation Technology
      - 2.7.2.1.3.1 High-cell-density fermentation
      - 2.7.2.1.3.2 Continuous processing
      - 2.7.2.1.3.3 Metabolic engineering
      - 2.7.2.1.3.4 Synthetic biology applications
      - 2.7.2.1.3.5 Cell-free systems
      - 2.7.2.1.3.6 Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
- 2.7.3 Downstream Processing
  - 2.7.3.1 Purification
    - 2.7.3.1.1 Overview
    - 2.7.3.1.2 Types of Purification Methods
    - 2.7.3.1.3 Factors Affecting Purification Performance
    - 2.7.3.1.4 Advances in Purification Technology
      - 2.7.3.1.4.1 Affinity chromatography
      - 2.7.3.1.4.2 Membrane chromatography
      - 2.7.3.1.4.3 Continuous chromatography
      - 2.7.3.1.4.4 Downstream processing (DSP) improvements
      - 2.7.3.1.4.5 Tangential flow filtration (TFF) in downstream bioprocessing
- 2.7.4 Formulation
  - 2.7.4.1 Overview
    - 2.7.4.1.1 Types of Formulation Methods
    - 2.7.4.1.2 Factors Affecting Formulation Performance
    - 2.7.4.1.3 Advances in Formulation Technology
      - 2.7.4.1.3.1 Controlled release
      - 2.7.4.1.3.2 Nanoparticle formulation
      - 2.7.4.1.3.3 3D printing
- 2.7.5 Bioprocess Development
  - 2.7.5.1 Scale-up
    - 2.7.5.1.1 Overview
    - 2.7.5.1.2 Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance
    - 2.7.5.1.3 Scale-up Strategies
  - 2.7.5.2 Optimization
    - 2.7.5.2.1 Overview
    - 2.7.5.2.2 Factors Affecting Optimization Performance
    - 2.7.5.2.3 Optimization Strategies
    - 2.7.5.2.4 Machine learning to improve biomanufacturing processes
    - 2.7.5.2.5 Process intensification and high-cell-density fermentation
    - 2.7.5.2.6 Hybrid biotechnological-chemical approaches
- 2.7.6 Analytical Methods
  - 2.7.6.1 Quality Control
    - 2.7.6.1.1 Overview
    - 2.7.6.1.2 Types of Quality Control Tests
    - 2.7.6.1.3 Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance
  - 2.7.6.2 Characterization
    - 2.7.6.2.1 Overview
    - 2.7.6.2.2 Types of Characterization Methods
    - 2.7.6.2.3 Factors Affecting Characterization Performance
- 2.7.7 Synthetic Biology Tools and Techniques
  - 2.7.7.1 DNA synthesis
  - 2.7.7.2 CRISPR-Cas9 systems
  - 2.7.7.3 Protein/enzyme engineering
  - 2.7.7.4 Computer-aided design
  - 2.7.7.5 Strain construction and optimization
  - 2.7.7.6 Robotics and automation
  - 2.7.7.7 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
- 2.7.8 Alternative Feedstocks and Sustainability
  - 2.7.8.1 C1 feedstocks: Metabolic pathways
  - 2.7.8.2 C2 feedstocks
  - 2.7.8.3 Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks
  - 2.7.8.4 Blue biotechnology feedstocks
  - 2.7.8.5 Routes for carbon capture in biotechnology
2.8 Scale of Production
- 2.8.1 Laboratory Scale
  - 2.8.1.1 Overview
  - 2.8.1.2 Scale and Equipment
  - 2.8.1.3 Advantages
  - 2.8.1.4 Disadvantages
- 2.8.2 Pilot Scale
  - 2.8.2.1 Overview
  - 2.8.2.2 Scale and Equipment
  - 2.8.2.3 Advantages
  - 2.8.2.4 Disadvantages
- 2.8.3 Commercial Scale
  - 2.8.3.1 Overview
  - 2.8.3.2 Scale and Equipment
  - 2.8.3.3 Advantages
  - 2.8.3.4 Disadvantages
2.9 Mode of Operation
- 2.9.1 Batch Production
  - 2.9.1.1 Overview
  - 2.9.1.2 Advantages
  - 2.9.1.3 Disadvantages
  - 2.9.1.4 Applications
- 2.9.2 Fed-batch Production
  - 2.9.2.1 Overview
  - 2.9.2.2 Advantages
  - 2.9.2.3 Disadvantages
  - 2.9.2.4 Applications
- 2.9.3 Continuous Production
  - 2.9.3.1 Overview
  - 2.9.3.2 Advantages
  - 2.9.3.3 Disadvantages
  - 2.9.3.4 Applications
  - 2.9.3.5 Key fermentation parameter comparison
- 2.9.4 Downstream processing and product recovery
- 2.9.5 Cell factories for biomanufacturing
  - 2.9.5.1 Range of organisms
  - 2.9.5.2 Escherichia coli (E.coli)
  - 2.9.5.3 Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum)
  - 2.9.5.4 Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)
  - 2.9.5.5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)
  - 2.9.5.6 Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica)
  - 2.9.5.7 Non-model organisms
- 2.9.6 Perfusion Culture
  - 2.9.6.1 Overview
  - 2.9.6.2 Advantages
  - 2.9.6.3 Disadvantages
  - 2.9.6.4 Applications
  - 2.9.6.5 Perfusion bioreactors
- 2.9.7 Other Modes of Operation
  - 2.9.7.1 Immobilized Cell Culture
    - 2.9.7.1.1 Immobilized enzymes
    - 2.9.7.1.2 Immobilized catalysts
  - 2.9.7.2 Two-Stage Production
  - 2.9.7.3 Hybrid Systems
2.10 Host Organisms
- 2.10.1 Genetic stability and containment
2.11 Manufacturing capacity and contract production
2.12 Scale-up economics and the first-of-a-kind problem
2.13 Sustainability accounting and certification
2.14 Water and resource intensity

3 BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

3.1 Overview
3.2 Technology/materials analysis
- 3.2.1 Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)
- 3.2.2 Recombinant Proteins
- 3.2.3 Vaccines
- 3.2.4 Cell and Gene Therapies
- 3.2.5 Blood Factors
- 3.2.6 Tissue Engineering Products
- 3.2.7 Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
- 3.2.8 Peptide Therapeutics
- 3.2.9 Biosimilars and Biobetters
- 3.2.10 Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments
- 3.2.11 Synthetic biology
  - 3.2.11.1 Metabolic engineering
    - 3.2.11.1.1 DNA synthesis
    - 3.2.11.1.2 CRISPR
      - 3.2.11.1.2.1 CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways
  - 3.2.11.2 Protein/Enzyme Engineering
  - 3.2.11.3 Strain construction and optimization
  - 3.2.11.4 Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
  - 3.2.11.5 Smart bioprocessing
  - 3.2.11.6 Cell-free systems
  - 3.2.11.7 Chassis organisms
  - 3.2.11.8 Biomimetics
  - 3.2.11.9 Sustainable materials
  - 3.2.11.10 Robotics and automation
    - 3.2.11.10.1 Robotic cloud laboratories
    - 3.2.11.10.2 Automating organism design
    - 3.2.11.10.3 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
  - 3.2.11.11 Fermentation Processes
- 3.2.12 Generative Biology
  - 3.2.12.1 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
    - 3.2.12.1.1 Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)
    - 3.2.12.1.2 Normalizing Flows
    - 3.2.12.1.3 Autoregressive Models
    - 3.2.12.1.4 Evolutionary Generative Models
  - 3.2.12.2 Design Optimization
    - 3.2.12.2.1 Evolutionary Algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Strategies)
      - 3.2.12.2.1.1 Genetic Algorithms (GAs)
      - 3.2.12.2.1.2 Evolutionary Strategies (ES)
    - 3.2.12.2.2 Reinforcement Learning
    - 3.2.12.2.3 Multi-Objective Optimization
    - 3.2.12.2.4 Bayesian Optimization
  - 3.2.12.3 Computational Biology
    - 3.2.12.3.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
    - 3.2.12.3.2 Quantum Mechanical Calculations
    - 3.2.12.3.3 Systems Biology Modeling
    - 3.2.12.3.4 Metabolic Engineering Modeling
  - 3.2.12.4 Data-Driven Approaches
    - 3.2.12.4.1 Machine Learning
    - 3.2.12.4.2 Graph Neural Networks
    - 3.2.12.4.3 Unsupervised Learning
    - 3.2.12.4.4 Active Learning and Bayesian Optimization
  - 3.2.12.5 Agent-Based Modeling
  - 3.2.12.6 Hybrid Approaches
- 3.2.13 Antibody-drug conjugates and multispecific formats
- 3.2.14 Continuous and intensified biologics manufacturing
3.3 Market analysis
- 3.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
- 3.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 3.3.3 Regulations
- 3.3.4 Value chain
- 3.3.5 Future outlook
- 3.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
- 3.3.7 Addressable Market Size
- 3.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
- 3.3.9 Global revenues
  - 3.3.9.1 By application market
  - 3.3.9.2 By regional market
3.4 Company profiles

4 INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES (BIOCATALYSTS)

4.1 Overview
- 4.1.1 Bio-manufactured enzymes
4.2 Technology/materials analysis
- 4.2.1 Detergent Enzymes
- 4.2.2 Food Processing Enzymes
- 4.2.3 Textile Processing Enzymes
- 4.2.4 Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes
- 4.2.5 Leather Processing Enzymes
- 4.2.6 Biofuel Production Enzymes
  - 4.2.6.1 Enzymes for lignocellulosic derived bioethanol
  - 4.2.6.2 Cellulases for lignocellulosic bioethanol
  - 4.2.6.3 Hemicellulases and synergistic enzyme cocktails
  - 4.2.6.4 Thermostable and extremophilic enzymes
  - 4.2.6.5 Cost-performance metrics for thermostable enzymes
- 4.2.7 Animal Feed Enzymes
- 4.2.8 Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes
- 4.2.9 Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes
  - 4.2.9.1 Enzymes for plastics recycling
  - 4.2.9.2 Enzymatic depolymerization
  - 4.2.9.3 Challenges in enzymatic depolymerization
- 4.2.10 Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes
- 4.2.11 Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO² Utilization
  - 4.2.11.1 Carbonic anhydrase in CO² capture technologies
  - 4.2.11.2 Formate dehydrogenase and CO²-to-chemicals pathways
  - 4.2.11.3 Selected enzymatic approaches to CO2 capture and conversion
- 4.2.12 Enzyme immobilisation
4.3 Market analysis
- 4.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
- 4.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 4.3.3 Technology challenges and opportunities for industrial enzymes
- 4.3.4 Economic competitiveness of enzymatic processing
- 4.3.5 Regulations
- 4.3.6 Value chain
- 4.3.7 Future outlook
- 4.3.8 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
- 4.3.9 Addressable Market Size
- 4.3.10 Risks and Opportunities
- 4.3.11 Global revenues
  - 4.3.11.1 By application market
  - 4.3.11.2 By regional market
4.4 Company profiles

5 BIOFUELS

5.1 Overview
5.2 Technology/materials analysis
- 5.2.1 Role in the circular economy
- 5.2.2 The global biofuels market
- 5.2.3 Feedstocks
  - 5.2.3.1 First-generation (1-G)
  - 5.2.3.2 Second-generation (2-G)
    - 5.2.3.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
    - 5.2.3.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
  - 5.2.3.3 Third-generation (3-G)
    - 5.2.3.3.1 Algal biofuels
      - 5.2.3.3.1.1 Properties
      - 5.2.3.3.1.2 Advantages
  - 5.2.3.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)
  - 5.2.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation
- 5.2.4 Bioethanol
  - 5.2.4.1 First-generation bioethanol (from sugars and starches)
  - 5.2.4.2 Second-generation bioethanol (from lignocellulosic biomass)
  - 5.2.4.3 Third-generation bioethanol (from algae)
- 5.2.5 Biodiesel
  - 5.2.5.1 Biodiesel by generation
  - 5.2.5.2 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels
    - 5.2.5.2.1 Pyrolysis of biomass
    - 5.2.5.2.2 Vegetable oil transesterification
    - 5.2.5.2.3 Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)
      - 5.2.5.2.3.1 Production process
    - 5.2.5.2.4 Biodiesel from tall oil
    - 5.2.5.2.5 Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel
    - 5.2.5.2.6 Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
    - 5.2.5.2.7 CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)
    - 5.2.5.2.8 Dymethyl ether (DME)
  - 5.2.5.3 Prices
  - 5.2.5.4 Global production and consumption
- 5.2.6 Biogas
  - 5.2.6.1 Feedstocks
  - 5.2.6.2 Biomethane
    - 5.2.6.2.1 Production pathways
      - 5.2.6.2.1.1 Landfill gas recovery
      - 5.2.6.2.1.2 Anaerobic digestion
      - 5.2.6.2.1.3 Thermal gasification
  - 5.2.6.3 Global production
  - 5.2.6.4 Prices
    - 5.2.6.4.1 Raw Biogas
    - 5.2.6.4.2 Upgraded Biomethane
  - 5.2.6.5 Bio-LNG
    - 5.2.6.5.1 Markets
      - 5.2.6.5.1.1 Trucks
      - 5.2.6.5.1.2 Marine
    - 5.2.6.5.2 Plants
  - 5.2.6.6 bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)
  - 5.2.6.7 Carbon capture from biogas
  - 5.2.6.8 Biosyngas
    - 5.2.6.8.1 Production
    - 5.2.6.8.2 Prices
- 5.2.7 Biobutanol
  - 5.2.7.1 Production
  - 5.2.7.2 Prices
- 5.2.8 Biohydrogen
  - 5.2.8.1 Description
    - 5.2.8.1.1 Dark fermentation
    - 5.2.8.1.2 Photofermentation
    - 5.2.8.1.3 Biophotolysis (direct and indirect)
      - 5.2.8.1.3.1 Direct Biophotolysis:
      - 5.2.8.1.3.2 Indirect Biophotolysis:
  - 5.2.8.2 Production of biohydrogen from biomass
    - 5.2.8.2.1 Biological Conversion Routes
      - 5.2.8.2.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction
      - 5.2.8.2.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
    - 5.2.8.2.2 Thermochemical conversion routes
      - 5.2.8.2.2.1 Biomass Gasification
      - 5.2.8.2.2.2 Biomass Pyrolysis
      - 5.2.8.2.2.3 Biomethane Reforming
  - 5.2.8.3 Applications
  - 5.2.8.4 Prices
- 5.2.9 Biomethanol
  - 5.2.9.1 Gasification-based biomethanol
  - 5.2.9.2 Biosynthesis-based biomethanol
  - 5.2.9.3 Methanol-to gasoline technology
    - 5.2.9.3.1 Production processes
      - 5.2.9.3.1.1 Anaerobic digestion
      - 5.2.9.3.1.2 Biomass gasification
      - 5.2.9.3.1.3 Power to Methane
- 5.2.10 Bio-oil and Biochar
  - 5.2.10.1 Pyrolysis-based bio-oil
  - 5.2.10.2 Hydrothermal liquefaction-based bio-oil
  - 5.2.10.3 Biochar from pyrolysis and gasification processes
  - 5.2.10.4 Advantages of bio-oils
  - 5.2.10.5 Production
    - 5.2.10.5.1 Fast Pyrolysis
    - 5.2.10.5.2 Costs of production
    - 5.2.10.5.3 Upgrading
  - 5.2.10.6 Applications
  - 5.2.10.7 Bio-oil producers
  - 5.2.10.8 Prices
    - 5.2.10.8.1 Biochar co-product economics
    - 5.2.10.8.2 Biochar in anaerobic digestion
- 5.2.11 Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuel
  - 5.2.11.1 Renewable diesel
    - 5.2.11.1.1 Production
    - 5.2.11.1.2 Global consumption
    - 5.2.11.1.3 Prices
  - 5.2.11.2 Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)
    - 5.2.11.2.1 Description
    - 5.2.11.2.2 SWOT analysis
    - 5.2.11.2.3 Global production and consumption
    - 5.2.11.2.4 Production pathways
    - 5.2.11.2.5 Prices
    - 5.2.11.2.6 Bio-aviation fuel production capacities
    - 5.2.11.2.7 Challenges
    - 5.2.11.2.8 Global consumption
- 5.2.12 Algal biofuels
  - 5.2.12.1 Conversion pathways
  - 5.2.12.2 SWOT analysis
  - 5.2.12.3 Production
  - 5.2.12.4 Market challenges
  - 5.2.12.5 Prices
  - 5.2.12.6 Producers
- 5.2.13 Power-to-liquids and e-fuels
  - 5.2.13.1 The regulatory driver
- 5.2.14 Marine fuels
  - 5.2.14.1 Comparison with biological pathways
5.3 Market analysis
- 5.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
- 5.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 5.3.3 Regulations
- 5.3.4 Value chain
- 5.3.5 Future outlook
- 5.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
- 5.3.7 Addressable Market Size
- 5.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
- 5.3.9 Global revenues
  - 5.3.9.1 By biofuel type
  - 5.3.9.2 Applications Market
  - 5.3.9.3 By regional market
5.4 Company profiles

6 BIOPLASTICS

6.1 Overview
6.2 Technology/materials analysis
- 6.2.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)
- 6.2.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
  - 6.2.2.1 Types
  - 6.2.2.2 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
  - 6.2.2.3 Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV)
- 6.2.3 Bio-based polyethylene (PE)
- 6.2.4 Bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
- 6.2.5 Bio-based polyurethanes (PUs)
- 6.2.6 Starch-based plastics
- 6.2.7 Cellulose-based plastics
- 6.2.8 End-of-life pathways and recycling interaction
6.3 Market analysis
- 6.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
- 6.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 6.3.3 Regulations
- 6.3.4 Value chain
- 6.3.5 Future outlook
- 6.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
- 6.3.7 Addressable Market Size
- 6.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
- 6.3.9 Global revenues
  - 6.3.9.1 By type
  - 6.3.9.2 By application market
  - 6.3.9.3 By regional market
6.4 Company profiles

7 BIOCHEMICALS

7.1 Overview
7.2 Bio-based feedstocks
- 7.2.1 Organic acids
  - 7.2.1.1 Lactic acid
    - 7.2.1.1.1 D-lactic acid
    - 7.2.1.1.2 L-lactic acid
  - 7.2.1.2 Succinic acid
  - 7.2.1.3 Itaconic acid
  - 7.2.1.4 Citric acid
  - 7.2.1.5 Acetic acid
  - 7.2.1.6 Malonic acid
- 7.2.2 Amino acids
  - 7.2.2.1 Glutamic acid
  - 7.2.2.2 Lysine
  - 7.2.2.3 Threonine
  - 7.2.2.4 Methionine
  - 7.2.2.5 Vitamins produced using biotechnology
    - 7.2.2.5.1 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
    - 7.2.2.5.2 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
    - 7.2.2.5.3 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
    - 7.2.2.5.4 Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
    - 7.2.2.5.5 Vitamin B3 (Niacin Nicotinic Acid)
    - 7.2.2.5.6 Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid Folate)
- 7.2.3 Alcohols
  - 7.2.3.1 Ethanol
  - 7.2.3.2 Butanol
  - 7.2.3.3 Isobutanol
  - 7.2.3.4 Propanediol
- 7.2.4 Surfactants
  - 7.2.4.1 Biosurfactants (e.g., rhamnolipids, sophorolipids)
    - 7.2.4.1.1 Rhamnolipids
    - 7.2.4.1.2 Sophorolipids
    - 7.2.4.1.3 Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)
    - 7.2.4.1.4 Cellobiose lipids
    - 7.2.4.1.5 Designer glycolipids and lipopeptides via synthetic biology
  - 7.2.4.2 Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs)
- 7.2.5 Solvents
  - 7.2.5.1 Ethyl lactate
  - 7.2.5.2 Dimethyl carbonate
  - 7.2.5.3 Glycerol
- 7.2.6 Flavours and fragrances
  - 7.2.6.1 Vanillin
  - 7.2.6.2 Nootkatone
  - 7.2.6.3 Limonene
  - 7.2.6.4 Bio-manufactured fragrances and aromatics
  - 7.2.6.5 Biotech-derived fragrance precursors
  - 7.2.6.6 Ambroxan
  - 7.2.6.7 Flavour enhancers
  - 7.2.6.8 Disodium Inosinate (IMP)
  - 7.2.6.9 Disodium Guanylate (GMP)
  - 7.2.6.10 Monatin
- 7.2.7 Bio-based monomers and intermediates
  - 7.2.7.1 Succinic acid
  - 7.2.7.2 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
  - 7.2.7.3 Isoprene
  - 7.2.7.4 Ethylene
  - 7.2.7.5 Propylene
  - 7.2.7.6 Adipic acid
  - 7.2.7.7 Acrylic acid
  - 7.2.7.8 Sebacic acid
  - 7.2.7.9 C12: Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
  - 7.2.7.10 1,5-Pentanediamine (PDA)
- 7.2.8 Bio-based polymers
  - 7.2.8.1 Polybutylene succinate (PBS)
  - 7.2.8.2 Polyamides (nylons)
  - 7.2.8.3 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)
  - 7.2.8.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)
  - 7.2.8.5 Polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate (PEIT)
    - 7.2.8.5.1 Overview
    - 7.2.8.5.2 Applications
- 7.2.9 Bio-based composites and blends
  - 7.2.9.1 Wood-plastic composites (WPCs)
  - 7.2.9.2 Biofiller-reinforced plastics
  - 7.2.9.3 Biofiber-reinforced plastics
  - 7.2.9.4 Polymer blends with bio-based components
- 7.2.10 Beauty and Personal Care Chemicals
  - 7.2.10.1 Hyaluronic acid production
  - 7.2.10.2 Squalene and Squalane alternatives
  - 7.2.10.3 Collagen
  - 7.2.10.4 Bio-based UV filters and photoprotective compounds
  - 7.2.10.5 Melanin
  - 7.2.10.6 Emollients
- 7.2.11 Waste
  - 7.2.11.1 Food waste
  - 7.2.11.2 Agricultural waste
  - 7.2.11.3 Forestry waste
  - 7.2.11.4 Aquaculturefishing waste
  - 7.2.11.5 Municipal solid waste
  - 7.2.11.6 Industrial waste
  - 7.2.11.7 Waste oils
- 7.2.12 Microbial and mineral sources
  - 7.2.12.1 Microalgae
  - 7.2.12.2 Macroalgae
  - 7.2.12.3 Cyanobacteria
  - 7.2.12.4 Mineral sources
- 7.2.13 Precision fermentation and alternative proteins
- 7.2.14 Other Bio-manufactured Products
  - 7.2.14.1 Cement alternatives from biomanufacturing
  - 7.2.14.2 Precision fermentation products
7.3 Market analysis
- 7.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
  - 7.3.1.1 Company landscape in specialty chemicals biotechnology
  - 7.3.1.2 Bio-manufactured beauty ingredient production capacities
- 7.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
  - 7.3.2.1 Trends and drivers in biotechnology
  - 7.3.2.2 Government support of biotechnology
  - 7.3.2.3 Carbon taxes
- 7.3.3 Regulations
- 7.3.4 Value chain
  - 7.3.4.1 Economic viability factors
  - 7.3.4.2 Effect of feedstock prices
  - 7.3.4.3 Scale-up effects on cost
- 7.3.5 Future outlook
- 7.3.6 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
- 7.3.7 Addressable Market Size
- 7.3.8 Risks and Opportunities
- 7.3.9 Major market challenges
- 7.3.10 Technical challenges
- 7.3.11 Global revenues
  - 7.3.11.1 By type
  - 7.3.11.2 By application market
  - 7.3.11.3 By regional market
7.4 Company profiles

8 BIO-AGRITECH

8.1 Overview
8.2 Technology & materials analysis
- 8.2.1 Biopesticides
  - 8.2.1.1 Semiochemical
  - 8.2.1.2 Macrobial Biological Control Agents
  - 8.2.1.3 Microbial pesticides
  - 8.2.1.4 Biochemical pesticides
  - 8.2.1.5 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
- 8.2.2 Biofertilizers
- 8.2.3 Biostimulants
  - 8.2.3.1 Microbial biostimulants
    - 8.2.3.1.1 Nitrogen Fixation
    - 8.2.3.1.2 Formulation Challenges
  - 8.2.3.2 Natural Product Biostimulants
  - 8.2.3.3 Manipulating the Microbiome
  - 8.2.3.4 Synthetic Biology
  - 8.2.3.5 Non-microbial biostimulants
- 8.2.4 Agricultural Enzymes
  - 8.2.4.1 Types of Agricultural Enzymes
- 8.2.5 RNA-based biopesticides and semiochemicals
8.3 Market analysis
- 8.3.1 Key players and competitive landscape
- 8.3.2 Market Growth Drivers and Trends
- 8.3.3 Regulations
- 8.3.4 Value chain
- 8.3.5 Future outlook
- 8.3.6 Addressable Market Size
- 8.3.7 Risks and Opportunities
- 8.3.8 Global revenues
  - 8.3.8.1 By application market
  - 8.3.8.2 By regional market
8.4 Company profiles

9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

10 REFERENCES

簡介目錄圖表

List of Tables

Table 1. Biomanufacturing revolutions and representative products.
Table 2. Industrial Biomanufacturing categories.
Table 3. Overview of Biomanufacturing Processes.
Table 4. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
Table 5. Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing.
Table 6. Colours of biotechnology.
Table 7. AI and Robotics Applications in Biomanufacturing
Table 8. Advanced Technologies in Biomanufacturing Applications.
Table 9. Types of Cell Culture Systems.
Table 10. Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance.
Table 11. Types of Fermentation Processes.
Table 12. Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance.
Table 13. Advances in Fermentation Technology.
Table 14. Continuous vs Batch Biomanufacturing Comparison.
Table 15. Types of Purification Methods in Downstream Processing.
Table 16. Factors Affecting Purification Performance.
Table 17. Advances in Purification Technology.
Table 18. Downstream Processing Technology Improvements.
Table 19. TFF Applications in Downstream Processing.
Table 20. Common formulation methods used in biomanufacturing.
Table 21. Factors Affecting Formulation Performance.
Table 22. Advances in Formulation Technology.
Table 23. Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance in Biomanufacturing.
Table 24. Scale-up Strategies in Biomanufacturing.
Table 25. Factors Affecting Optimization Performance in Biomanufacturing.
Table 26. Optimization Strategies in Biomanufacturing.
Table 27. Machine Learning Applications in Biomanufacturing
Table 28. High-Cell-Density Fermentation Parameters and Targets.
Table 29. Hybrid Biotechnological-Chemical Process Applications.
Table 30. Types of Quality Control Tests in Biomanufacturing.
Table 31. Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance in Biomanufacturing
Table 32. Types of Characterization Methods in Biomanufacturing.
Table 33. Factors Affecting Characterization Performance in Biomanufacturing
Table 34. DNA Synthesis Technologies and Capabilities.
Table 35. CRISPR-Cas9 Applications in Biomanufacturing.
Table 36. Protein Engineering Strategies and Applications.
Table 37. Computer-Aided Design Tools in Biotechnology.
Table 38. Strain Engineering Strategies and Targets.
Table 39. Automation Applications in Biotechnology.
Table 40. AI/ML Applications in Biomanufacturing Systems.
Table 41. C1 Feedstock Utilization Pathways and Characteristics.
Table 42. C2 Feedstock Processing and Applications.
Table 43. Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing Technologies.
Table 44. Blue Biotechnology Feedstock Characteristics and Applications.
Table 45. Carbon Capture and Utilization Pathways in Biotechnology.
Table 46. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.
Table 47. Key fermentation parameter comparison
Table 48. Downstream processing cost share by product class
Table 49. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.
Table 50. Organism Categories and Production Capabilities.
Table 51. E. coli Characteristics for Biomanufacturing Applications.
Table 52. C. glutamicum Production Capabilities and Characteristics.
Table 53. B. subtilis Production Systems and Applications.
Table 54. S. cerevisiae Capabilities and Industrial Applications.
Table 55. Y. lipolytica Production Capabilities and Process Parameters.
Table 56. Non-Model Organisms and Specialized Applications.
Table 57. Perfusion Bioreactor Technologies and Performance.
Table 58. Enzyme Immobilization Methods and Characteristics.
Table 59. Immobilized Catalyst Systems and Applications.
Table 60. Comparison of Modes of Operation.
Table 61. Host organisms commonly used in biomanufacturing.
Table 62. Types of biopharmaceuticals.
Table 63. Types of Monoclonal Antibodies.
Table 64. Types of Recombinant Proteins.
Table 65. Types of biopharma vaccines.
Table 66. Types of Cell and Gene Therapies
Table 67. Types of Blood Factors.
Table 68. Types of Tissue Engineering Products.
Table 69. Types of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.
Table 70. Types of Peptide Therapeutics.
Table 71. Types of Biosimilars and Biobetters.
Table 72. Types of Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments.
Table 73. Types of Synthetic Biology Applications in Biopharmaceuticals.
Table 74. Engineered proteins in industrial applications.
Table 75. Cell-free versus cell-based systems
Table 76. White biotechnology fermentation processes.
Table 77. Key players in biopharmaceuticals.
Table 78. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biopharmaceuticals.
Table 79. Biopharmaceuticals Regulations.
Table 80. Value chain: Biopharmaceuticals.
Table 81. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biopharmaceuticals.
Table 82. Addressable market size for biopharmaceuticals.
Table 83. Risks and Opportunities in biopharmaceuticals.
Table 84. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 85. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 86. Biopharmaceuticals company profiles.
Table 87. Types of industrial enzymes.
Table 88. Types of Detergent Enzymes.
Table 89. Types of Food Processing Enzymes
Table 90. Types of Textile Processing Enzymes.
Table 91. Types of Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes.
Table 92. Types of Leather Processing Enzymes.
Table 93. Types of Biofuel Production Enzymes.
Table 94. Lignocellulosic Enzyme Systems and Performance.
Table 95. Cellulase Component Functions and Characteristics.
Table 96. Hemicellulase Systems and Substrate Specificity.
Table 97. Thermostable Enzyme Sources and Characteristics.
Table 98. Thermostable Enzyme Economic Analysis Framework.
Table 99. Types of Animal Feed Enzymes.
Table 100. Types of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes.
Table 101. Types of Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes.
Table 102. Enzymes for Plastics Recycling Applications.
Table 103. Challenges in Enzymatic Depolymerization.
Table 104. Types of Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes.
Table 105. Comparison of enzyme types.
Table 106. Enzymes for Decarbonization and CO₂ Utilization.
Table 107. Carbonic Anhydrase Applications in CO₂ Capture.
Table 108. Formate Dehydrogenase Systems for CO₂ Conversion.
Table 109. Enzymatic approaches to CO₂ capture and conversion
Table 110. Enzymatic CO₂ Capture and Conversion Technologies.
Table 111. Key players in industrial enzymes.
Table 112. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in industrial enzymes.
Table 113. Technology Challenges and Opportunities for Industrial Enzymes.
Table 114. Industrial enzymes Regulations.
Table 115. Value chain: Industrial enzymes.
Table 116. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biocatalysts.
Table 117. Addressable market size for industrial enzymes.
Table 118. Risks and Opportunities in industrial enzymes.
Table 119. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 120. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 121. Industrial Enzymes Company Profiles.
Table 122. Types of biofuel, by generation.
Table 123. Comparison of biofuels.
Table 124. Classification of biomass feedstock.
Table 125. Biorefinery feedstocks.
Table 126. Feedstock conversion pathways.
Table 127. First-Generation Feedstocks.
Table 128. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.
Table 129. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.
Table 130. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 131. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.
Table 132. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.
Table 133. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.
Table 134. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation.
Table 135. Biodiesel by generation.
Table 136. Biodiesel production techniques.
Table 137. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.
Table 138. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.
Table 139. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.
Table 140. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel.
Table 141. Main producers of HVO and capacities.
Table 142. Commercial development of BtL processes
Table 143. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes.
Table 144.Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre.
Table 145. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010–2037 (M litres/year)
Table 146. Biogas and biomethane feedstock
Table 147. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants.
Table 148. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas.
Table 149. Total syngas market by product
Table 150. Biosyngas price ranges by application:
Table 151. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.
Table 152. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.
Table 153. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas.
Table 154. Summary of applications of biochar in energy.
Table 155. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils.
Table 156. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil.
Table 157. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels.
Table 158. Markets and applications for bio-oil.
Table 159. Bio-oil producers.
Table 160. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2037 (M litres/year).
Table 161. Renewable diesel price ranges
Table 162. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.
Table 163. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.
Table 164. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities.
Table 165. Global bio-jet fuel consumption, 2019–2037 (million litres/year)
Table 166. production cost estimates and projections
Table 167. Algae-derived biofuel producers.
Table 168. Comparison with biological pathways
Table 169. Power-to-liquids and e-fuels Companies
Table 170. Key players in biofuels.
Table 171. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in biofuels.
Table 172. Biofuels Regulations.
Table 173. Value chain: Biofuels.
Table 174. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biofuels.
Table 175. Addressable market size, billions USD
Table 176. Risks and Opportunities in biofuels
Table 177. Global revenues for biofuels, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 178. Global Revenues for Biofuels, by Applications Market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 179. Global revenues for biofuels, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 180. Biofuels Company Profiles.
Table 181. Types of bioplastics:
Table 182. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Table 183. Types of PHAs and properties.
Table 184. Commercially available PHAs.
Table 185. Markets and applications for PHAs.
Table 186. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and
Table 187. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis- manufacture, advantages,
Table 188. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers and production capacities
Table 189. Key players in Bioplastics.
Table 190. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bioplastics.
Table 191. Bioplastics Market Restraints and counter-trends
Table 192. Bioplastics Regulations.
Table 193. Value chain: Bioplastics.
Table 194. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Bioplastics.
Table 195. Addressable market size for Bioplastics (Values in billions USD)
Table 196. Risks and Opportunities in Bioplastics.
Table 197. Global revenues for bioplastics, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 198. Global revenues for bioplastics, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 199. Global revenues for bioplastics, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 200. Bioplastics Company Profiles.
Table 201. Types of biochemicals.
Table 202. Plant-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.
Table 203. Waste-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.
Table 204. Microbial and mineral-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced.
Table 205. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.
Table 206. Applications of succinic acid.
Table 207. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.
Table 208. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.
Table 209. Feedstock Sources for Citric Acid Production.
Table 210. Applications of Citric Acid.
Table 211. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.
Table 212. Applications of Acetic Acid.
Table 213. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production.
Table 214. Applications of Acetic Acid.
Table 215. Common lysine sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.
Table 216. Applications of lysine as a feedstock for biochemicals.
Table 217. Feedstock Sources for Threonine Production.
Table 218. Applications of Threonine.
Table 219. Feedstock Sources for Methionine Production.
Table 220. Applications of Methionine.
Table 221. Vitamins Produced Using Biotechnology.
Table 222. Biobased feedstock sources for ethanol.
Table 223. Applications of bio-based ethanol.
Table 224. Feedstock Sources for Butanol Production.
Table 225. Applications of Butanol.
Table 226. Biobased feedstock sources for isobutanol.
Table 227. Applications of bio-based isobutanol.
Table 228. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).
Table 229. Types of Biosurfactants.
Table 230. Feedstock Sources for Biosurfactant Production
Table 231. Applications of Biosurfactants
Table 232. Rhamnolipid Production and Application Characteristics.
Table 233. Sophorolipid Types and Application Properties.
Table 234. Mannosylerythritol Lipid Variants and Properties.
Table 235. Cellobiose Lipid Development and Applications.
Table 236. Designer Biosurfactant Engineering Strategies
Table 237. Feedstock Sources for APG Production
Table 238. Applications of Alkyl Polyglucosides (APGs)
Table 239. Feedstock Sources for Ethyl Lactate Production.
Table 240. Applications of Ethyl Lactate.
Table 241. Feedstock Sources for Dimethyl Carbonate Production
Table 242. Applications of Dimethyl Carbonate
Table 243. Markets and applications for bio-based glycerol.
Table 244. Bio-manufactured Fragrances and Aromatics.
Table 245. Biotech-derived Fragrance Precursors.
Table 246. Bio-manufactured Enhancers.
Table 247. Feedstock Sources for Succinic Acid Production
Table 248. Applications of Succinic Acid.
Table 249. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).
Table 250. Bio-BDO producers.
Table 251. Feedstock Sources for Isoprene Production.
Table 252. Applications of Isoprene.
Table 253. Applications of bio-based ethylene.
Table 254. Applications of bio-based propylene.
Table 255. Applications of bio-based adipic acid.
Table 256. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.
Table 257. Applications of sebacic acid
Table 258. Bio-PBS market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Table 259. Leading PBS producers and production capacities.
Table 260. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Table 261. FDCA and PEF producers.
Table 262. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and
Table 263. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers.
Table 264. Types of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs).
Table 265. Types of Biofiber-Reinforced Plastics.
Table 266. Types of Polymer Blends with Bio-based Components.
Table 267. Hyaluronic Acid Production Parameters and Applications
Table 268. SqualeneSqualane Production Methods and Characteristics.
Table 269. Collagen Production Systems and Applications.
Table 270. Bio-based UV Filter Compounds and Characteristics.
Table 271. Melanin Production and Application Parameters.
Table 272. Bio-manufactured Emollient Categories and Properties.
Table 273. Mineral source products and applications.
Table 274. Cement alternatives from biomanufacturing
Table 275. Precision Fermentation Products.
Table 276. Key players in Biochemicals.
Table 277. Bio-manufactured Beauty Ingredient Production Capacities
Table 278. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biochemicals.
Table 279. Trends and Drivers in Biotechnology.
Table 280. Government Support of Biotechnology.
Table 281. Biochemicals Regulations.
Table 282. Value chain: Biochemicals.
Table 283. Economic Viability Assessment Framework.
Table 284. Feedstock Price Impact Analysis for Biotechnology Production.
Table 285. Scale-up Cost Impact Analysis.
Table 286. Addressable market size for Biochemicals.
Table 287. Risks and Opportunities in Biochemicals.
Table 288. Market Challenge Assessment and Mitigation Strategies.
Table 289. Technical Challenge Assessment and Solutions.
Table 290. Global revenues for biochemicals, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 291. Global revenues for biochemicals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 292. Global revenues for biochemicals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 293. Biochemicals Company Profiles.
Table 294. Bio-agritech categories.
Table 295. Biopesticides: Pros and Cons.
Table 296. Semiochemicals: Advantages and Disadvantages.
Table 297. Macrobial biological control agents
Table 298. Biological Pest Control: Advantages and Disadvantages.
Table 299. Global regulations on biopesticides.
Table 300. Main types of microbial pesticides.
Table 301. Main types of biochemical pesticides.
Table 302. Main types of biofertilizers.
Table 303. Types of Microbial Biostimulants.
Table 304. Main types of non-microbial biostimulants.
Table 305. Types of Agricultural Enzymes
Table 306. Key players in Bio Agritech.
Table 307. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bio Agritech
Table 308. Bio Agritech Regulations.
Table 309. Value chain: Bio Agritech.
Table 310. Addressable market size for Bio Agritech.
Table 311. Risks and Opportunities in Bio Agritech.
Table 312. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 313. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Table 314. Bio agritech Company Profiles.

List of Figures

Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.
Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering.
Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.
Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.
Figure 5. The design-make-test-learn loop of generative biology.
Figure 6. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 7. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 8. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 9. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 10. Flow chart for biodiesel production.
Figure 11. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
Figure 12. Overview of biogas utilization.
Figure 13. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
Figure 14. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.
Figure 15. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production.
Figure 16. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.
Figure 17. Biobutanol production route.
Figure 18. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.
Figure 19. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.
Figure 20. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.
Figure 21. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.
Figure 22. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques.
Figure 23. SWOT analysis for Bio-aviation fuel.
Figure 24. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis for algae-derived biofuels.
Figure 26. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.
Figure 27. Global revenues for biofuels, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 28. Global Revenues for Biofuels, by Applications Market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 29. Global revenues for biofuels, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 30. PHA family.
Figure 31. Global revenues for bioplastics, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 32. Global revenues for bioplastics, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 33. lobal revenues for bioplastics, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 34. Schematic of biorefinery processes.
Figure 35. Production capacities of PEF and FDCA
Figure 36. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Biochemicals.
Figure 37. Global revenues for biochemicals, by type (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 38. Global revenues for biochemicals, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 39. Global revenues for biochemicals, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 40. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by applications market (2020-2037), billions USD.
Figure 41. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by regional market (2020-2037), billions USD.