全球電動車（EV）電池電芯及電池組材料市場（2027-2037 年）

電動車（EV）電池單體及電池包材料市場涵蓋了現代驅動電池的整個物理結構，從單體電池開始向外依次為：正陽極活性材料（無論從品質還是價值上都佔據絕大部分）；賦予電池單體功能的惰性材料；連接和絕緣電池組的模組級材料；以及用於容納、冷卻和保護電池組件的包級結構和功能材料。這是支撐能源轉型的重要材料市場之一，緊接著快速發展的全球電動車產業，其主要材料包括關鍵礦物、特殊化學品、先進金屬和工程功能材料，且各材料用量大致相當。

這個市場並非由單一技術塑造，而是由三種力量相互作用的結果。首先是電池化學。從鎳鈷含量高的陰極材料轉向鐵基配方，以及矽逐漸被引進石墨陽極，這些都在不斷重新定義哪些材料最為重要。第二個因素是電池組結構。從傳統的模組化電池組轉向單體電池組、單體電池組本體以及單體電池組底盤一體化設計，穩步減少單位儲能所需的非活性結構材料用量。第三個因素是供應的地理分佈。提煉和加工成電池級材料的集中程度遠比採礦更為重要，它決定了真正的供應風險所在。

這些因素共同作用，導致市場成分變化速度超過整體市場規模擴張速度。雖然幾乎所有材料的需求都在成長，但供需平衡正向儲量豐富且經過加工的材料傾斜，而那些被淘汰的材料則逐漸被淘汰。對於供應商、加工商、電池和電池組製造商、汽車製造商以及投資者而言，了解這種依材料、化學成分和結構分類的不斷演變的材料清單（BOM）對於把握未來十年的市場機會非常重要。

《2027-2037年全球電動車電池電芯及電池組材料市場報告》對2027年至2037年全球電動汽車電池電芯及電池組所用所有材料的市場進行了定量分析。本報告全面追蹤了最新的動力電池材料清單，並按年度預測了每種材料的實際需求量（年千噸）和市場價值（年美元）。

本報告採用嚴謹的由下而上調查方法。首先，將各車型細分市場的電動車銷售資料轉換為電池需求量（吉瓦時），然後乘以特定於化學成分和設計的材料強度因子（公斤/千瓦時）計算電池價格。這樣，從車輛銷售到材料的噸位和價值，所有預測過程都清晰透明。報告全面涵蓋了整個價值鏈。在電池方面，報告涵蓋了陰極活性材料（NMC、NCA、NMCA、LFP、LMFP、LMO系統）、陽極活性材料（重點關注天然和合成石墨、矽和氧化矽以及鋰金屬），甚至包括電池內部的非活性材料，例如電解、隔膜、粘結劑、導電添加劑、集電器和電池外殼。在電池組方面，這涵蓋了模組材料（匯流排、端子、絕緣體）、電池組結構材料（鋁、鋼、複合材料）和電池組功能材料（導熱界面材料、冷卻組件、阻燃劑、壓縮墊、密封劑）。預測依車輛類型（客車、廂型車、卡車、巴士、摩托車/三輪車、微型車）和地區（中國、歐洲、北美和世界其他地區）進行分類。

除了數值資料外，本報告還說明了市場促進因素。具體而言，這些因素包括化學成分向磷酸鐵和矽的轉變、電池組設計中結構整合的革新（CTP、CTB、CTC）、永續性和回收利用的挑戰，以及影響材料供應的供應鏈集中化和政策環境。報告內容包括詳細的電池和電池組設計分析、實際電池組拆解基準測試、關鍵材料供應風險的全面評估、綜合需求和價值預測，以及各級主要材料供應商的概況。

本報告面向材料製造商、加工商、電池和電池包製造商、汽車製造商、投資者和政策制定者，提供詳細且內部一致的材料需求和價值資料，以便確定成長最快的材料流、預測供應瓶頸，並為未來十年電池材料價值鏈的結構性變化做好準備。

報告包含以下資訊：

• 電動車市場與電池需求展望
• 鋰離子電池的化學成分和技術
• 電池成本和能量密度
• 電池材料：陰極材料與基本原料（鋰、鈷、鎳、錳、鐵、磷酸鹽）
• 電池材料：陽極（石墨和矽）
• 電池材料：電解、隔膜、黏結劑、添加劑、集電器、電池外殼
• 電池和封裝設計：CTP、CTB、CTC 和大尺寸封裝
• 封裝和組件材料（組件佈線和絕緣材料，封裝結構和功能材料）
• 電池組案例研究及拆解分析
• 永續性、可回收性和循環性
• 供應鍊與地理集中度
• 市場預測與假設（2027-2037年）
• 公司簡介。本報告重點介紹以下公司：ABIS Aerogel Co., Ltd.、Aerogel Core Ltd、Ampcera、Apheros、Asahi Kasei、Axiotherm GmbH、BAIC BJEV（Beijing Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd.）、BENTELER Automotive、CFP Composites、Chery International、Denka、DuPont、Elven Technologies、EVE Energy Co., Ltd.、First Graphene Ltd.、Freudenberg Sealing Technologies、Hitachi Zosen Corporation、Horizontal Na Energy。

目錄

第1章 執行摘要

第2章 引言與調查方法

第3章 電動車市場及電池需求展望

• 電動車在交通運輸部門脫碳中的作用
• 2015-2026年全球電動車銷量
• 區域概況和政策
• 依車輛細分市場分類的電動車電池需求預測
• 電池製造能力和區域市場佔有率
• 各車型平均電池容量

第4章 鋰離子電池的化學與技術

• 什麼是鋰離子電池？其組成和運行原理
• 陰極化學
• 陽極化學
• 全球電池的化學成分及其歷史變化
• 新化學反應及其對材料的影響
• 依地區分類的電池製造商概覽

第5章 電池成本與能量密度

• 電池成本結構及材料的作用
• 以往的電池組和電芯價格以及CAM鏈接
• 對陰極活性材料價格的敏感性
• 化學和技術中的能量密度隨時間的變化
• 電動車電池價格預測（2027-2037年）

第6章 電池材料：陰極和關鍵原料

• 陰極活性材料 - 概述與發展
• 陰極材料強度
• 電動車（BEV）鋰離子電池陰極材料的市場佔有率（2020-2037年）
• 陰極材料需求預測，2027-2037年
• 價格預測與陰極價值預測
• 鋰
• 鈷
• 鎳
• 錳、鐵、磷酸鹽

第7章 電池材料：陽極

• 陽極材料概述
• 陽極材料需求及價格預測
• 石墨（天然和合成）
• 矽和陽極
• 鋰金屬和下一代陽極

第8章 電池材料：電解液、橫膈膜、粘合劑、添加劑、集電器、電池外殼

• 電解質（鋰鹽、溶劑、添加劑）
• 隔膜 - 基材薄膜（PE、PP）和陶瓷塗層
• 黏合劑 - PVDF、SBR/CMC、PAA
• 導電添加劑 - 炭黑和奈米碳管管（CNTs）
• 集電器 - 銅箔和鋁箔
• 電池外殼材質 - 圓柱形、稜柱形和袋式
• 電池材料總需求及價值預測

第9章 電芯和電池組設計：CTP、CTB、CTC 和大尺寸規格

• 電芯規格和權衡
• 從電芯到模組，再到電池組 - 傳統架構
• 電芯到電池組（CTP）：促進因素與挑戰
• 電芯到電池本體，電芯到底盤（CTB/CTC）：促進因素與挑戰
• OEM和電池製造商關於結構設計的公告
• 對材料強度和惰性材料減少的影響
• 電池組能量密度趨勢及預測
• 對可維護性、可修復性和可回收性的影響
• 電池組組件分解

第10章 包裝材料和模組化材料

• 模組材質：匯流排、端子、絕緣材料
• 包裝材料：結構和蓋板
• 導熱界面材料（TIM）
• 溫度控管：冷卻板和冷卻軟管
• 電池機殼- 鋁、鋼、玻璃纖維增強塑膠（GFRP）、碳纖維增強塑膠（CFRP）、聚合物
• 包裝密封劑（FIPG、CIPG、發泡墊片）
• 防火材料
• 壓縮墊和泡沫
• 電氣互連絕緣
• 匯流排、端子和電氣互連
• 包裝材料總需求量及價值預測

第11章 電池組範例

• 客車包裝範例
• 大型車輛、商用車輛和其他車輛的例子
• 不同產業的設計與材料比較

第12章 永續性、可回收性和循環性

• 材料和供應風險的重要性
• 電池和包裝材料的可回收性，以及以回收為設計概念的設計。
• 二次供應和回收材料的供應情況
• 生命週期和碳強度的考量
• 監管促進因素 - 歐盟電池法規和再生材料含量法規

第13章 供應鏈與地理集中度

• 各國物資供應集中程度
• 電池級加工材料的瓶頸
• 供應鏈和政策的本地化
• 供應風險評估

第14章 市場預測2027–2037

• 預測範圍和調查方法概述
• 主要前提：電池尺寸、化學成分、能量密度
• 陰極和陽極材料的需求和價值
• 電池材料總需求量與價值
• 包裝材料的總需求量與價值
• 依材料、車輛類型和價值分類的市場規模

第15章 公司簡介（54家公司簡介）

第16章 參考文獻

The electric vehicle (EV) battery cell and pack materials market spans the complete physical composition of a modern traction battery, organised from the cell outward: the cathode and anode active materials that dominate both mass and value, the inactive cell materials that enable them to function, the module-level materials that connect and isolate groups of cells, and the pack-level structural and functional materials that contain, cool and protect the assembly. It is one of the foundational materials markets of the energy transition, sitting directly beneath the rapidly expanding global EV industry and drawing on critical minerals, specialty chemicals, advanced metals and engineered functional materials in roughly equal measure.

The market is shaped less by any single technology than by the interaction of three forces. The first is cell chemistry: the migration away from nickel- and cobalt-rich cathodes toward iron-phosphate formulations, and the gradual infiltration of silicon into the graphite anode, continually reshape which materials matter most. The second is pack architecture: the shift from conventional modular packs toward cell-to-pack, cell-to-body and cell-to-chassis designs steadily reduces the quantity of inactive structural material required for each unit of energy stored. The third is supply geography: the concentration of refining and battery-grade processing - far more than mining - determines where genuine supply risk lies.

Together these forces produce a market whose composition shifts faster than its overall size. Demand grows across nearly every material, but the balance tilts toward abundant and engineered materials and away from those being designed out. For suppliers, processors, cell and pack manufacturers, automakers and investors, understanding this evolving bill of materials - material by material, chemistry by chemistry, and architecture by architecture - has become essential to navigating the decade ahead.

Electric Vehicle (EV) Battery Cell and Pack Materials: Global Market 2027–2037 quantifies the global market for every material that goes into an EV battery cell and pack across the 2027–2037 period. It tracks the complete bill of materials of a modern traction battery and forecasts, for each material, both physical demand (kilotonnes per year) and market value (US dollars per year) on an annual basis.

The methodology is rigorously bottom-up: EV unit sales by vehicle segment are converted into gigawatt-hours of battery demand, multiplied by chemistry- and design-specific material-intensity factors expressed in kilograms per kilowatt-hour, and then priced - so that every forecast traces transparently from vehicle volumes through to material tonnes and value. Coverage is exhaustive across the value chain. On the cell side it spans cathode active materials (nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, iron and phosphate across NMC, NCA, NMCA, LFP, LMFP and LMO chemistries), anode active materials (natural and synthetic graphite, silicon and silicon oxide, and lithium metal on a watching basis), and the inactive cell materials - electrolytes, separators, binders, conductive additives, current collectors and cell casing. On the pack side it covers module materials (busbars, terminals and insulation), pack structural materials (aluminium, steel and composites) and pack functional materials (thermal interface materials, cooling components, fire protection, compression pads and seals). Forecasts are segmented by vehicle type - passenger car, van, truck, bus, two- and three-wheeler and microcar - and across China, Europe, North America and the rest of the world.

Beyond the numbers, the report explains the forces driving the market: the chemistry transition toward iron-phosphate and silicon, the structural-integration revolution in pack design (CTP, CTB and CTC), the sustainability and recycling agenda, and the supply-chain concentration and policy landscape that govern material availability. It includes detailed cell and pack design analysis, real-world pack teardown benchmarks, a full critical-materials supply-risk assessment, consolidated demand and value forecasts, and profiles of the leading materials suppliers across every tier.

Designed for material producers and processors, cell and pack manufacturers, automakers, investors and policymakers, the report provides the granular, internally consistent material-demand and value data needed to identify the fastest-growing material streams, anticipate supply bottlenecks, and position for a decade of structural change in the battery materials value chain.

Report contents include:

• The EV market and battery demand outlook
• Li-ion battery chemistry and technology
• Cell cost and energy density
• Cell materials: cathode and critical raw materials (lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, phosphate)
• Cell materials: anode (graphite and silicon)
• Cell materials: electrolyte, separators, binders, additives, current collectors and cell case
• Cell and pack design: CTP, CTB, CTC and large formats
• Pack and module materials (module interconnects and insulation, pack structural and functional materials)
• Battery pack examples and teardowns
• Sustainability, recyclability and circularity
• Supply chain and geographic concentration
• Market forecasts and assumptions, 2027–2037
• Company profiles. The report profiles leading suppliers across every materials tier, including ABIS Aerogel Co., Ltd., Aerogel Core Ltd, Ampcera, Apheros, Asahi Kasei, Axiotherm GmbH, BAIC BJEV (Beijing Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd.), BENTELER Automotive, CFP Composites, Chery International, Denka, DuPont, Elven Technologies, EVE Energy Co., Ltd., First Graphene Ltd., Freudenberg Sealing Technologies, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, Horizontal Na Energy and more.....

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 Report scope and key conclusions
• 1.2 Market size and headline forecasts, 2027–2037
• 1.3 Demand drivers, opportunities and challenges
• 1.4 Regional policy landscape and its market impact
• 1.5 Global EV sales and battery demand trajectory
• 1.6 Battery chemistry outlook
• 1.7 Material intensity evolution
• 1.8 Cell versus pack split
• 1.9 Materials covered in this report

2 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

• 2.1 Report objectives and scope
• 2.2 Electric vehicle definitions and drivetrain specifications
• 2.3 The battery value chain: cell, module, pack and system
• 2.4 Materials taxonomy used in this report
• 2.5 Forecasting methodology and the bottom-up demand model
• 2.6 Key assumptions and data sources
• 2.7 Units, conventions and currency

3 THE EV MARKET AND BATTERY DEMAND OUTLOOK

• 3.1 The role of EVs in transport decarbonisation
• 3.2 Global EV sales, 2015–2026
• 3.3 Regional snapshots and policy
• 3.4 EV battery demand forecast by vehicle segment
• 3.5 Battery manufacturing capacity and regional shares
• 3.6 Average battery capacity by vehicle segment

4 LI-ION BATTERY CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

• 4.1 What is a Li-ion battery? Components and operating principle
• 4.2 Cathode chemistries
• 4.3 Anode chemistries
• 4.4 Global battery chemistry mix and its historical evolution
• 4.5 Emerging chemistries and material implications
• 4.6 Cell-manufacturer landscape by region

5 CELL COST AND ENERGY DENSITY

• 5.1 Cell cost structure and the role of materials
• 5.2 Historical pack and cell price and the CAM linkage
• 5.3 Sensitivity to cathode active material prices
• 5.4 Energy density by chemistry and the technology timeline
• 5.5 BEV battery price forecast, 2027–2037

6 CELL MATERIALS: CATHODE AND CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS

• 6.1 Cathode active materials - overview and development
• 6.2 Cathode material intensities
• 6.3 Cathode market share for Li-ion in BEVs, 2020–2037
• 6.4 Cathode material demand forecast, 2027–2037
• 6.5 Price assumptions and cathode value forecast
• 6.6 Lithium
  • 6.6.1 Resources, reserves and production geography
  • 6.6.2 Price behaviour
  • 6.6.3 Supply–demand balance and EV demand
• 6.7 Cobalt
  • 6.7.1 Production geography
  • 6.7.2 Falling intensity and EV demand
• 6.8 Nickel
  • 6.8.1 Production geography and Class I constraint
  • 6.8.2 EV demand
• 6.9 Manganese, iron and phosphate

7 CELL MATERIALS: Anode

• 7.1 Anode materials - overview
• 7.2 Anode material demand and price forecast
• 7.3 Graphite (natural and synthetic)
• 7.4 Silicon and silicon-oxide anodes
• 7.5 Lithium-metal and next-generation anodes

8 CELL MATERIALS: Electrolyte, Separators, Binders, Additives, Current Collectors and Cell Case

• 8.1 Electrolytes - lithium salts, solvents and additives
• 8.2 Separators - base films (PE, PP) and ceramic coatings
• 8.3 Binders - PVDF, SBR/CMC, PAA
• 8.4 Conductive additives - carbon black and carbon nanotubes (CNT)
• 8.5 Current collectors - copper foil and aluminium foil
• 8.6 Cell-case materials - cylindrical, prismatic and pouch
• 8.7 Total cell material demand and value forecast

9 CELL AND CELL PACK DESIGN: CTP, CTB, CTC and Large Formats

• 9.1 Cell formats and trade-offs
• 9.2 From cell to module to pack - conventional architecture
• 9.3 Cell-to-pack (CTP): drivers and challenges
• 9.4 Cell-to-body and cell-to-chassis (CTB/CTC): drivers and challenges
• 9.5 OEM and cell-maker structural-design announcements
• 9.6 Impact on material intensity and inactive-material reduction
• 9.7 Pack energy-density trends and forecast
• 9.8 Servicing, repairability and recyclability implications
• 9.9 Battery pack component breakdown

10 PACK AND MODULE MATERIALS

• 10.1 Module materials: busbars, terminals and insulation
• 10.2 Pack housing materials: structure and cover
• 10.3 Thermal interface materials (TIMs)
• 10.4 Thermal management: cold plates and coolant hoses
• 10.5 Battery enclosures - aluminium, steel, GFRP, CFRP, polymers
• 10.6 Pack sealants (FIPG, CIPG, dispensed-foam gaskets)
• 10.7 Fire-protection materials
• 10.8 Compression pads and foams
• 10.9 Electrical interconnects insulation
  • 10.9.1 Aluminium vs copper for interconnects
  • 10.9.2 Busbar insulation materials
  • 10.9.3 Representative interconnect approaches by vehicle
  • 10.9.4 Material quantity in battery interconnects: kg/kWh summary
  • 10.9.5 Electrical interconnects: aluminium, copper and insulation forecast, 2027–2037
• 10.10 Busbars, terminals and electrical interconnects
• 10.11 Total pack material demand and value forecast

11 BATTERY PACK EXAMPLES

• 11.1 Passenger-car pack examples
• 11.2 Heavy-duty, commercial and other vehicle examples
• 11.3 Cross-segment design and material comparison

12 SUSTAINABILITY, RECYCLABILITY AND CIRCULARITY

• 12.1 Material criticality and supply risk
• 12.2 Recyclability of cell and pack materials; design-for-recycling
• 12.3 Secondary supply and recycled-material availability
• 12.4 Life-cycle and carbon-intensity considerations
• 12.5 Regulatory drivers - EU Battery Regulation and recycled-content rules

13 SUPPLY CHAIN AND GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION

• 13.1 Material supply concentration by country
• 13.2 Battery-grade processed-material bottlenecks
• 13.3 Supply-chain localisation and policy
• 13.4 Supply-risk assessment

14 MARKET FORECASTS 2027–2037

• 14.1 Forecast coverage and methodology recap
• 14.2 Key assumptions: battery size, chemistry mix, energy density
• 14.3 Cathode and anode material demand and value
• 14.4 Total cell material demand and value
• 14.5 Total pack material demand and value
• 14.6 Total market by material, vehicle type and value

15 COMPANY PROFILES (54 company profiles)

16 REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Report scope and coverage
• Table 2. Headline conclusions
• Table 3. Headline market summary, selected years
• Table 4. Material demand by group, selected years (Mt/year)
• Table 5. Market value by category, selected years (US$ billion)
• Table 6. Drivers, restraints and opportunities
• Table 7. Regional policy summary
• Table 8. Global EV sales by region, selected years (million units/year)
• Table 9. Cathode chemistry market share for BEVs, selected years (%)
• Table 10. Anode chemistry mix, selected years (%)
• Table 11. Cathode metal content by chemistry (kg/kWh)
• Table 12. Cell vs pack split of demand and value (%)
• Table 13. Materials in scope, by value-chain segment
• Table 14. Report objectives and research questions
• Table 15. Electric vehicle types and drivetrain definitions
• Table 16. Full battery materials taxonomy
• Table 17. Average battery size assumptions by vehicle segment (kWh/vehicle)
• Table 18. Material composition assumptions by chemistry (kg/kWh)
• Table 19. Principal data sources and their role
• Table 20. Units, conventions and currency
• Table 21. Global EV sales by drivetrain, selected years (million units/year)
• Table 22. Regional EV sales, growth and policy posture
• Table 23. EV battery demand by vehicle segment, selected years (GWh/year)
• Table 24. Regional Li-ion manufacturing capacity vs demand (GWh/year)
• Table 25. Average battery size and share of battery demand by segment
• Table 26. Cathode chemistry technical benchmark
• Table 27. Anode material technical benchmark
• Table 28. Dominant chemistry by vehicle segment and direction of travel
• Table 29. Emerging chemistries and their material implications
• Table 30. Cell manufacturer share by producer region (% of global cell output)
• Table 31. Cell cost structure by component (% of cell cost; US$/kWh)
• Table 32. Historical Li-ion price, selected years (US$/kWh)
• Table 33. Cell cost under cathode price scenarios (US$/kWh)
• Table 34. Cell energy density and central trade-off by chemistry
• Table 35. BEV pack price forecast by chemistry (US$/kWh)
• Table 36. Principal cost-reduction levers
• Table 37. Assumed material composition per cell chemistry (kg/kWh)
• Table 38. Cathode material demand forecast, selected years (kt/year)
• Table 39. Cathode raw-material price assumptions (US$/kg)
• Table 40. Lithium supply chain: extraction vs conversion concentration (illustrative, 2025)
• Table 41. Lithium demand and balance forecast, selected years (kt LCE/year)
• Table 42. Cobalt demand drivers and forecast, selected years
• Table 43. Nickel demand and Class I exposure, selected years (kt)
• Table 44. Battery-grade derivative supply risk: high-purity manganese sulphate and purified phosphoric acid
• Table 45. Anode materials at a glance
• Table 46. Anode material price assumptions (US$/kg, battery-grade)
• Table 47. Graphite demand forecast and split, selected years (kt)
• Table 48. Silicon anode benchmark: capacity, first-cycle efficiency, expansion, typical loading
• Table 49. Electrolyte composition: salts, carbonate solvents and additives
• Table 50. Separator material comparison (base film and ceramic-coated)
• Table 51. Current-collector material intensity (kg/kWh)
• Table 52. Total cell material market summary, selected years
• Table 53. Summary of CTP / CTB / CTC designs by manufacturer
• Table 54. Module material demand forecast (kt/year)
• Table 55. Module material value forecast (US$B)
• Table 56. Pack housing material demand forecast (kt/year)
• Table 57. Pack housing material value forecast (US$B)
• Table 58. TIM chemistry comparison (gap pads, gap fillers, adhesives)
• Table 59. Enclosure material comparison (metal vs composite vs polymer)
• Table 60. Sealant cure mechanisms and properties
• Table 61. Interconnect approach and material intensity by representative pack (kg/kWh)
• Table 62. Fleet-average interconnect material intensity (kg/kWh)
• Table 63. Interconnect material demand and value forecast
• Table 64. Pack material price assumptions (US$/kg, indicative)
• Table 65. Automotive battery pack examples
• Table 66. Heavy-duty, commercial and other battery systems
• Table 67. Critical material supply-demand balance to 2037
• Table 68. Material supply-risk matrix
• Table 69. Battery chemistry-mix assumptions by vehicle segment, 2037
• Table 70. Material composition assumptions (kg/kWh, fleet-average)
• Table 71. Forecast summary, 2027–2037 (demand and value, all materials)

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Total EV cell and pack material demand by material group, 2027–2037 (Mt/year)
• Figure 2. Total EV cell and pack material market value by category, 2027–2037 (US$ billion)
• Figure 3. Global EV sales by region, 2015–2026 with forecast to 2037 (million units/year)
• Figure 4. Cathode chemistry market share for BEVs, 2020–2037 (%)
• Figure 5. Anode chemistry mix and silicon adoption, 2020–2037 (%)
• Figure 6. Cathode metal content by chemistry (kg/kWh)
• Figure 7. Cell vs pack share of material demand and market value
• Figure 8. Battery system architecture: cell → module → pack → system
• Figure 9. Demand-model logic: GWh × material intensity → demand and value
• Figure 10. Global EV sales with BEV / PHEV split, 2015–2026 with forecast to 2037 (million units/year)
• Figure 11. EV battery demand by vehicle segment, 2027–2037 (GWh/year)
• Figure 12. Regional Li-ion manufacturing capacity vs EV battery demand, 2026 / 2030 / 2037 (GWh/year)
• Figure 13. Anatomy of a Li-ion cell
• Figure 14. Historical cathode chemistry mix for passenger BEVs, 2015–2026 (%)
• Figure 15. Cell manufacturer share by producer region, 2026 vs 2037 (% of global cell output)
• Figure 16. Li-ion cell cost breakdown by component (NMC811 vs LFP)
• Figure 17. Volume-weighted average Li-ion pack and cell price, 2013–2026 (real 2023 US$/kWh)
• Figure 18. Cell cost sensitivity to cathode active material price (NMC811 and LFP)
• Figure 19. Cell energy density by cathode chemistry (Wh/kg)
• Figure 20. BEV pack price forecast, 2027–2037 (US$/kWh)
• Figure 21. Cathode material intensity by chemistry (kg/kWh)
• Figure 22. Cathode market share for Li-ion in BEVs
• Figure 23. Cathode material demand forecast - Ni, Co, Li, Mn, Fe, P (kt)
• Figure 24. Critical cathode material value forecast (US$B)
• Figure 25. Lithium resources and production by country
• Figure 26. Lithium price volatility, 2018–2026
• Figure 27. Lithium supply vs demand, 2027–2037 (kt LCE)
• Figure 28. Lithium demand from EVs forecast
• Figure 29. Cobalt production by country
• Figure 30. Changing cobalt intensity in Li-ion cathodes (image 6 above)
• Figure 31. Cobalt demand from EVs forecast
• Figure 32. Nickel mining by country and Class I nickel share
• Figure 33. Nickel demand from EVs forecast
• Figure 34. Manganese, iron and phosphate demand from EVs forecast
• Figure 35. Anode material demand forecast - graphite and silicon (kt)
• Figure 36. Anode material value forecast (US$B)
• Figure 37. Natural vs synthetic graphite production by region.
• Figure 38. Graphite demand from EVs forecast
• Figure 39. Cell energy density vs silicon content
• Figure 40. Silicon anode demand forecast
• Figure 41. Electrolyte demand by region
• Figure 42. Material requirements by cell format
• Figure 43. Battery cell material demand forecast (kt)
• Figure 44. Battery cell material value forecast (US$B)
• Figure 45. Cell format market share
• Figure 46. Evolution from modular pack to CTP to CTB/CTC
• Figure 47. Gravimetric energy density vs cell-to-pack ratio
• Figure 48. Reduction of pack materials with CTP / CTC (kg/kWh)
• Figure 49. Cell vs pack energy-density forecast, 2027–2037 (Wh/kg)
• Figure 50. Component breakdown of a battery pack (by weight) (image 6 above)
• Figure 51. TIM application by pack/module and cell format
• Figure 52. TIM demand forecast (ktpa)
• Figure 53. Battery thermal-management strategy market share (air, liquid, refrigerant)
• Figure 54. Thermal-management component mass forecast (kt)
• Figure 55. Enclosure material demand forecast (kt)
• Figure 56. Pack sealant demand forecast (kt)
• Figure 57. Fire-protection material categories and 2026 market share
• Figure 58. Fire-protection material demand forecast (kt) (image 8 above)
• Figure 59. Compression pad/foam demand forecast (kt) (image 9 above)
• Figure 60. Interconnect material intensity - aluminium, copper, insulation (kg/kWh)
• Figure 61. Battery pack material demand forecast (kt)
• Figure 62. Battery pack material value forecast (US$B)
• Figure 63. Cell-to-Module (C2M) design.
• Figure 64. Cell-to-Pack design
• Figure 65. Structural battery pack
• Figure 66. Material composition compared across example packs (kg/kWh)
• Figure 67. Projected recycled-material availability, 2027–2037
• Figure 68. Geographic concentration of key materials (mining and processing)
• Figure 69. Total cell and pack material market value (US$B)
• Figure 70. Forecast coverage map (materials × metrics)
• Figure 71. Cathode material demand and value forecast
• Figure 72. Anode material demand and value forecast
• Figure 73. Battery cell material demand and value forecast
• Figure 74. Battery pack material demand and value forecast
• Figure 75. Total cell and pack material demand by material (kt)
• Figure 76. Total cell and pack material demand by vehicle type (kt)