全球數位風險管理市場研究報告 - 行業分析、規模、佔有率、成長、趨勢及2023年至2030年預測
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1306564

全球數位風險管理市場研究報告 - 行業分析、規模、佔有率、成長、趨勢及2023年至2030年預測

Global Digital Risk Management Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2023 to 2030

出版日期: | 出版商: Value Market Research | 英文 291 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格

數位風險管理市場的全球需求預計將從2022年的95.2億美元成長到2030年的322.8億美元,2023-2030年的年複合成長率為16.49%。

數位風險管理識別、評估和降低與數位技術、資料資產和線上活動相關的風險。它包括戰略、政策和實踐,目的是保護組織免受因使用數位平台、技術和資料而產生的潛在威脅和漏洞。

市場動態:

由於各種驅動因素,數位風險管理市場經歷成長。網路安全威脅和複雜的網路攻擊日益普遍是重要的驅動因素,因為企業尋求有效的解決方案來管理和降低這些風險。遵守包括GDPR和CCPA在內的監管框架是推動企業重視資料保護和隱私合規的另一個重要因素。各行各業進行的數位化轉型計劃帶來了新的風險和漏洞,推動了對數位化風險管理解決方案的需求。資料量和價值的不斷成長以及保護敏感資訊的需求也促進了市場的成長。與備受矚目的資料洩露相關的聲譽風險凸顯了這些服務在保護企業聲譽和品牌價值方面的重要性。雲端運算的採用以及金融和醫療保健等行業的特定法規推動了對客製化化管理解決方案的需求。此外,董事會和高級管理層對風險管理的日益重視也進一步推動了市場的發展。總體而言,由於對網路安全風險的認知不斷提高,以及對有效管理這些風險的全面解決方案的需求,數位風險管理市場不斷擴大。

本研究涵蓋波特五力模型、市場吸引力分析和價值鏈分析。這些工具有助於清晰了解行業結構,評估全球競爭吸引力。此外,這些工具還對全球數位風險管理市場的各個細分市場進行了全面評估。數位風險管理行業的成長和趨勢為本研究提供了全面的方法。

區域分析:

此部分涵蓋了區域前景,突出了北美、歐洲、亞太、拉丁美洲以及中東和非洲地區數位風險管理市場的當前和未來需求。此外,此部分還重點分析了所有主要地區各個應用領域的需求、估計和預測。

本研究還涵蓋了市場主要參與者的綜合概況以及全球競爭格局的深入分析。數位風險管理市場的主要參與者包括IIBM Corporation, Oracle Corporation, SAP, SAS Institute Inc., Broadcom, NAVEX Global Inc., LogicManager Inc., Metricstream Inc., ServiceNow, RSA Security LLC, Qualys Inc., Rapid7。本部分包括競爭格局的整體視圖,其中包括各種戰略發展,如關鍵併購、未來能力、合作夥伴關係、財務概況、合作、新產品開發、新產品發布和其他發展。

如果您有任何客製化要求,請聯繫我們。我們的研究團隊可以根據您的需求提供客製化服務。

目 錄

第1章:前言

  • 說明
    • 目標
    • 目標受眾
    • 獨特銷售主張(USP)和產品
  • 研究範圍
  • 研究方法
    • 市場調研流程
    • 市場調研方法

第2章:執行摘要

  • 市場亮點
  • 全球市場概況

第3章:數位風險管理-行業分析

  • 簡介- 市場動態
  • 市場驅動因素
  • 市場限制因素
  • 市場機會
  • 行業趨勢
  • 波特五力分析
  • 市場吸引力分析
    • 按組件分類的市場吸引力分析
    • 按部署的市場吸引力分析
    • 按企業規模分類的市場吸引力分析
    • 按行業垂直市場吸引力分析
    • 市場吸引力分析:按地區

第4章:價值鏈分析

  • 價值鏈分析
  • 原料分析
    • 原料清單
    • 原料製造商列表
    • 主要原料價格走勢
  • 潛在買家名單
  • 行銷管道
    • 直接行銷
    • 間接行銷
    • 行銷管道發展趨勢

第5章:全球數位風險管理市場分析:按組件分類

  • 按組成部分概述
  • 歷史和預測資料
  • 按組件分析
  • 軟體
  • 服務(專業服務、託管服務)

第6章:全球數位風險管理市場分析:按部署分類

  • 按部署概述
  • 歷史和預測資料
  • 按部署分析
  • 雲端運算
  • 內部部署

第7章:全球數位風險管理市場分析:按企業規模分類

  • 按企業規模概述
  • 歷史和預測資料
  • 按企業規模分析
  • 中小型企業
  • 大型企業

第8章:全球數位風險管理市場分析:按行業垂直分類

  • 按行業垂直分類概述
  • 歷史和預測資料
  • 按垂直行業分析
  • 金融服務
  • IT和電信
  • 醫療保健
  • 零售業
  • 製造業
  • 其他

第9章:全球數位風險管理市場分析:按地區分類

  • 地區展望
  • 地區介紹
  • 北美銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測資料銷售分析
    • 北美地區銷售分析
    • 北美各國銷售分析
    • 美國銷售分析
    • 加拿大銷售分析
    • 墨西哥銷售分析
  • 歐洲銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測資料銷售分析
    • 歐洲銷售分析
    • 歐洲各國銷售分析
    • 英國銷售分析
    • 法國銷售分析
    • 德國銷售分析
    • 義大利銷售分析
    • 俄羅斯銷售分析
    • 歐洲其他地區銷售分析
  • 亞太地區銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測資料銷售分析
    • 亞太地區細分市場銷售分析
    • 亞太地區各國銷售分析
    • 中國銷售分析
    • 印度銷售分析
    • 日本銷售分析
    • 韓國銷售分析
    • 澳洲銷售分析
    • 亞太其他地區銷售分析
  • 拉丁美洲銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測資料銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲各細分市場銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲各國銷售分析
    • 巴西銷售分析
    • 阿根廷銷售分析
    • 秘魯銷售分析
    • 智利銷售分析
    • 拉丁美洲其他地區銷售分析
  • 中東和非洲銷售分析
    • 概述、歷史和預測資料銷售分析
    • 中東及非洲地區銷售分析
    • 中東及非洲國家銷售分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯銷售分析
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國銷售分析
    • 以色列銷售分析
    • 南非銷售分析
    • 中東和非洲其他地區銷售分析

第10章: 數位風險管理公司的競爭格局

  • 數位風險管理市場競爭
  • 夥伴關係/合作/協議
  • 合併與收購
  • 新產品發布
  • 其他發展

第11章:公司概況

  • 公司佔有率分析
  • 市場集中率
  • IBM Corporation
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • Oracle Corporation
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • SAP
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • SAS Institute Inc.
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • Broadcom
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • NAVEX Global Inc.
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • LogicManager Inc.
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • Metricstream Inc.
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • ServiceNow
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • RSA Security LLC
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • Qualys Inc.
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展
  • Rapid7
    • 公司概況
    • 公司收入
    • 產品
    • 近期發展

注-在公司概況中,財務細節和近期發展視情況而定,如果是私營公司則可能不包括在內。

Product Code: VMR112111387

The global demand for Digital Risk Management Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 32.28 BN by 2030 from USD 9.52 BN in 2022 with a CAGR of 16.49% under the study period 2023 - 2030.

Digital risk management identifies, assesses, and mitigates the risks associated with digital technologies, data assets, and online activities. It encompasses strategies, policies, and practices aimed at protecting organizations from potential threats and vulnerabilities arising from the use of digital platforms, technologies, and data.

MARKET DYNAMICS:

The digital risk management market is experiencing growth due to various driving factors. The increasing prevalence of cybersecurity threats and sophisticated cyberattacks is a significant driver as organizations seek effective solutions to manage and mitigate these risks. Adherence to regulatory frameworks, including GDPR and CCPA, is another vital factor driving the importance of data protection and privacy compliance for organizations. The ongoing digital transformation initiatives across industries introduce new risks and vulnerabilities, thereby fueling the demand for digital risk management solutions. The growing volume and value of data, coupled with the need to protect sensitive information, also contribute to market growth. Reputational risks associated with high-profile data breaches highlight the importance of these services in safeguarding an organization's reputation and brand value. The adoption of cloud computing and the industry-specific regulations in sectors like finance and healthcare drive the need for tailored management solutions. Additionally, the increased focus on risk management by boards and senior management further propelled the market. Overall, the Digital risk management market is expanding due to the growing recognition of cybersecurity risks and the need for comprehensive solutions to manage these risks effectively.

The research covers Porter's Five Forces Model, Market Attractiveness Analysis, and Value Chain analysis. These tools help to get a clear picture of the industry's structure and evaluate the competition attractiveness at a global level. Additionally, these tools also give an inclusive assessment of each segment in the global market of digital risk management. The growth and trends of digital risk management industry provide a holistic approach to this study.

MARKET SEGMENTATION:

This section of the digital risk management market provides detailed data on the segments at country and regional level, thereby assisting the strategist in identifying the target demographics for the respective product or services with the upcoming opportunities.

By Component

  • Software
  • Services (Professional Services, Managed Services)

By Deployment

  • Cloud
  • On-Premise

By Enterprise Size

  • SMEs
  • Large Enterprises

By Industry Vertical

  • BFSI
  • IT And Telecom
  • Healthcare
  • Retail
  • Manufacturing
  • Others

REGIONAL ANALYSIS:

This section covers the regional outlook, which accentuates current and future demand for the Digital Risk Management market across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Further, the focuses on demand, estimation, and forecast for individual application segments across all the prominent regions.

The research also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide. The major players in the digital risk management market include IBM Corporation, Oracle Corporation, SAP, SAS Institute Inc., Broadcom, NAVEX Global Inc., LogicManager Inc., Metricstream Inc., ServiceNow, RSA Security LLC, Qualys Inc., Rapid7. This section consists of a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.

In case you have any custom requirements, do write to us. Our research team can offer a customized as per your need.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . PREFACE

  • 1.1. Description
    • 1.1.1. Objective
    • 1.1.2. Target Audience
    • 1.1.3. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) & offerings
  • 1.2. Research Scope
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.3.1. Market Research Process
    • 1.3.2. Market Research Methodology

2 . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 2.1. Highlights of Market
  • 2.2. Global Market Snapshot

3 . DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

  • 3.1. Introduction - Market Dynamics
  • 3.2. Market Drivers
  • 3.3. Market Restraints
  • 3.4. Opportunities
  • 3.5. Industry Trends
  • 3.6. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 3.7. Market Attractiveness Analysis
    • 3.7.1 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Component
    • 3.7.2 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Deployment
    • 3.7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Enterprise Size
    • 3.7.4 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Industry Vertical
    • 3.7.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

4 . VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

  • 4.1. Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.2. Raw Material Analysis
    • 4.2.1. List of Raw Materials
    • 4.2.2. Raw Material Manufactures List
    • 4.2.3. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  • 4.3. List of Potential Buyers
  • 4.4. Marketing Channel
    • 4.4.1. Direct Marketing
    • 4.4.2. Indirect Marketing
    • 4.4.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend

5 . GLOBAL DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT MARKET ANALYSIS BY COMPONENT

  • 5.1 Overview by Component
  • 5.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 5.3 Analysis by Component
  • 5.4 Software Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 5.5 Services (Professional Services, Managed Services) Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

6 . GLOBAL DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT MARKET ANALYSIS BY DEPLOYMENT

  • 6.1 Overview by Deployment
  • 6.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 6.3 Analysis by Deployment
  • 6.4 Cloud Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 6.5 On-premise Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

7 . GLOBAL DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT MARKET ANALYSIS BY ENTERPRISE SIZE

  • 7.1 Overview by Enterprise Size
  • 7.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 7.3 Analysis by Enterprise Size
  • 7.4 SMEs Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 7.5 Large Enterprises Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

8 . GLOBAL DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT MARKET ANALYSIS BY INDUSTRY VERTICAL

  • 8.1 Overview by Industry Vertical
  • 8.2 Historical and Forecast Data
  • 8.3 Analysis by Industry Vertical
  • 8.4 BFSI Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.5 IT And Telecom Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.6 Healthcare Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.7 Retail Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.8 Manufacturing Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions
  • 8.9 Others Historic and Forecast Sales by Regions

9 . GLOBAL DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT MARKET ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 9.1. Regional Outlook
  • 9.2. Introduction
  • 9.3. North America Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.2. North America By Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.3. North America By Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.4. United State Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.5. Canada Sales Analysis
    • 9.3.6. Mexico Sales Analysis
  • 9.4. Europe Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.2. Europe by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.3. Europe by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.4. United Kingdom Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.5. France Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.6. Germany Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.7. Italy Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.8. Russia Sales Analysis
    • 9.4.9. Rest Of Europe Sales Analysis
  • 9.5. Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.2. Asia Pacific by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.3. Asia Pacific by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.4. China Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.5. India Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.6. Japan Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.7. South Korea Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.8. Australia Sales Analysis
    • 9.5.9. Rest Of Asia Pacific Sales Analysis
  • 9.6. Latin America Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.2. Latin America by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.3. Latin America by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.4. Brazil Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.5. Argentina Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.6. Peru Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.7. Chile Sales Analysis
    • 9.6.8. Rest of Latin America Sales Analysis
  • 9.7. Middle East & Africa Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.1. Overview, Historic and Forecast Data Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.2. Middle East & Africa by Segment Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.3. Middle East & Africa by Country Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.4. Saudi Arabia Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.5. UAE Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.6. Israel Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.7. South Africa Sales Analysis
    • 9.7.8. Rest Of Middle East And Africa Sales Analysis

10 . COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT COMPANIES

  • 10.1. Digital Risk Management Market Competition
  • 10.2. Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • 10.3. Merger And Acquisitions
  • 10.4. New Product Launch
  • 10.5. Other Developments

11 . COMPANY PROFILES OF DIGITAL RISK MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY

  • 11.1. Company Share Analysis
  • 11.2. Market Concentration Rate
  • 11.3. IBM Corporation
    • 11.3.1. Company Overview
    • 11.3.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.3.3. Products
    • 11.3.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.4. Oracle Corporation
    • 11.4.1. Company Overview
    • 11.4.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.4.3. Products
    • 11.4.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.5. SAP
    • 11.5.1. Company Overview
    • 11.5.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.5.3. Products
    • 11.5.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.6. SAS Institute Inc.
    • 11.6.1. Company Overview
    • 11.6.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.6.3. Products
    • 11.6.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.7. Broadcom
    • 11.7.1. Company Overview
    • 11.7.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.7.3. Products
    • 11.7.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.8. NAVEX Global Inc.
    • 11.8.1. Company Overview
    • 11.8.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.8.3. Products
    • 11.8.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.9. LogicManager Inc.
    • 11.9.1. Company Overview
    • 11.9.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.9.3. Products
    • 11.9.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.10. Metricstream Inc.
    • 11.10.1. Company Overview
    • 11.10.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.10.3. Products
    • 11.10.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.11. ServiceNow
    • 11.11.1. Company Overview
    • 11.11.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.11.3. Products
    • 11.11.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.12. RSA Security LLC
    • 11.12.1. Company Overview
    • 11.12.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.12.3. Products
    • 11.12.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.13. Qualys Inc.
    • 11.13.1. Company Overview
    • 11.13.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.13.3. Products
    • 11.13.4. Recent Developments
  • 11.14. Rapid7
    • 11.14.1. Company Overview
    • 11.14.2. Company Revenue
    • 11.14.3. Products
    • 11.14.4. Recent Developments

Note - in company profiling, financial details and recent development are subject to availability or might not be covered in case of private companies

LIST OF TABLES

  • Market Snapshot
  • Drivers : Impact Analysis
  • Restraints : Impact Analysis
  • List of Raw Material
  • List of Raw Material Manufactures
  • List of Potential Buyers
  • Analysis by Component (USD MN)
  • Software Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Services (Professional Services, Managed Services) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis Market by Deployment (USD MN)
  • Cloud Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • On-premise Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by Enterprise Size (USD MN)
  • SMEs Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Large Enterprises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Analysis by Industry Vertical (USD MN)
  • BFSI Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • IT And Telecom Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Healthcare Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Retail Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Manufacturing Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Digital Risk Management Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • North America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • United State Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Canada Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Mexico Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Estimate by Country (USD MN)
  • United Kingdom Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • France Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Germany Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Italy Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Russia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Spain Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Europe Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • China Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Japan Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • India Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Korea Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Australia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Asia Pacific Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Brazil Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Argentina Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Peru Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Chile Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Latin America Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Saudi Arabia Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • UAE Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Israel Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • South Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa Market Analysis (USD MN)
  • Partnership/Collaboration/Agreement
  • Mergers And Acquisition

LIST OF FIGURES

  • Research Scope of Digital Risk Management
  • Market Research Process
  • Market Research Methodology
  • Global Digital Risk Management Market Size, by Region (USD MN)
  • Porters Five Forces Analysis
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Component
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Deployment
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Enterprise Size
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Industry Vertical
  • Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region
  • Value Chain Analysis
  • Global Market Analysis by Component (USD MN)
  • Software Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Services (Professional Services, Managed Services) Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Deployment (USD MN)
  • Cloud Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • On-premise Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Enterprise Size (USD MN)
  • SMEs Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Large Enterprises Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Analysis by Industry Vertical (USD MN)
  • BFSI Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • IT And Telecom Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Healthcare Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Retail Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Manufacturing Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Others Market Sales by Geography (USD MN)
  • Global Market Sales (USD MN)
  • North America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Europe Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Asia Pacific Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Latin America Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Middle East & Africa Market Sales (USD MN)
  • Recent Development in Industry
  • Top Company Market Share Analysis

Kindly note that the above listed are the basic tables and figures of the and are not limited to the TOC.