封面
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1731726

蓖麻油及其衍生物市場(依產品、應用及地區)2026-2032

Castor Oil And Derivatives Market By Product (Dehydrated Castor Oil, Hydrogenated Castor oil (Castor wax), & Ricin oleic Acid), Application (Surface Coatings, Biodiesel, Lubricants, Plastics and Resins), & Region for 2026-2032

出版日期: | 出版商: Verified Market Research | 英文 202 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格
簡介目錄

蓖麻油及其衍生物市場評估(2026-2032)

蓖麻油及其衍生物的需求預計將受到其作為生物柴油原料的消費量不斷增加的推動。液體生質燃料可用作多種以煤油、柴油或汽油為燃料的內燃機以及飛機、船和卡車等客運車輛的替代燃料。預計2024年市場規模將超過14.4億美元,2032年將達到約21.2億美元。

預計在預測期內,蓖麻油在化妝品和醫藥領域的需求將很高,這歸因於醫療保健支出的增加以及個人對自我保健和預防保健的意識的提高,這將增加這些產品的消費。由於蓖麻油及其衍生物的需求不斷增加,市場從 2026 年到 2032 年將以 5.50% 的複合年成長率成長。

蓖麻油及其衍生物市場定義/概述

蓖麻油是透過壓碎蓖麻種子而產生的植物油。蓖麻油主要含有單元不飽和脂肪酸、蓖麻油酸、碳原子數18的脂肪酸。蓖麻油黏度穩定,即使在低溫下也不會凍結。因此,它是商業性工業運作中合成潤滑油的優質替代品。蓖麻油及其衍生物用於各種行業,包括食品、化妝品、潤滑劑、油漆、農業、製藥、塑膠和橡膠、IT和通訊、香料、油墨和黏合劑以及紡織化學品。蓖麻油也可作為生質柴油的原料進行合成。

蓖麻油衍生物包括蓖麻蠟、磺酸鹽蓖麻油、蓖麻粉、脫水蓖麻油等,具有廣泛的工業用途。蓖麻油用作化學產品的原料,用於特殊肥皂、界面活性劑、化妝品、個人保健產品、表面被覆劑、藥品、油脂、潤滑劑、特殊橡膠和塑化劑。

蓖麻油及其衍生物的市場規模可能由其在潤滑劑、塑膠和樹脂、化妝品和藥品以及表面塗料行業中的巨大應用潛力所驅動。蓖麻油衍生物,如氫化油,由於其極性、潤滑性、表面電阻率和防水性,通常用作潤滑劑。改變對生物分解性產品的偏好以減少對石化產品的依賴可能會增加對產品的需求。油價波動促使人們轉向傳統生質燃料,從而推動產業成長。生活方式的改變和經濟水平的提高使得消費者更加重視個人護理,從而增加了對化妝品的需求,並刺激了該行業的成長。

農業因素會推動蓖麻油及其衍生性商品市場嗎?

蓖麻油及其衍生物市場的擴張得益於其卓越的適應性和跨行業的廣泛應用。農藝變因對蓖麻油及其衍生性商品市場有相當大的影響。天氣模式、土壤條件和耕作技術都會影響蓖麻油的產量,蓖麻油主要生長在印度、中國和巴西。這些參數的任何中斷或變化都會直接影響蓖麻油籽的供應,影響蓖麻油及其衍生物的可用性和成本。

此外,由於蓖麻油需要特定的環境條件才能達到最佳生長,天氣模式的變化和極端天氣事件可能會威脅穩定的生產水平,導致供不應求和市場動態波動。

此外,農業技術和實踐的創新可能會對蓖麻油產業產生重大影響。改良的種子品種、灌溉系統和病蟲害防治等改良的農業技術有可能提高作物產量和質量,從而加強蓖麻油供應鏈。

此外,旨在促進永續農業和提高蓖麻油種植效率的活動將有助於蓖麻油及其衍生市場的成長和穩定。總體而言,農業變數繼續在決定蓖麻油業務的發展軌跡中發揮關鍵作用,凸顯了永續農業技術和應對環境挑戰的適應能力的必要性,以確保這種多功能商品的穩定供應。

有限的種植面積是否會阻礙蓖麻油及其衍生物市場的成長?

蓖麻油及其衍生物的市場充滿挑戰。蓖麻植物需要特殊的環境條件,如溫暖的氣溫、排水良好的土壤和充足的水供應,因此其種植僅限於少數地區,主要是熱帶和亞熱帶國家。這種地理障礙限制了蓖麻油的全球供應,從而導致供不應求和市場價格波動。

此外,蓖麻油種植集中在印度、中國和巴西等幾個關鍵地區,這使得市場更容易受到局部天氣事件和農業問題造成的干擾,進一步增加了供應的不確定性。

有限的種植面積不僅限制了蓖麻油的供應,也限制了市場的擴充性和擴張。隨著化妝品、製藥和製造業等各行各業對蓖麻油及其衍生物的需求不斷成長,有限的供應基礎可能會阻礙滿足不斷擴大的市場需求的努力。

該市場對少數產區的依賴使其容易受到惡劣天氣、疾病和地緣政治緊張等外部衝擊,所有這些都可能擾亂供應鏈並破壞市場穩定。克服這些限制需要努力尋找新的生產地點,改善農業實踐,提高對環境挑戰的適應能力,這將支持蓖麻油市場的長期成長和發展。

目錄

第1章 全球蓖麻油及衍生物市場簡介

  • 市場概覽
  • 研究範圍
  • 先決條件

第2章執行摘要

第3章:已驗證的市場研究調查方法

  • 資料探勘
  • 驗證
  • 第一手資料
  • 資料來源列表

第4章全球蓖麻油及衍生物市場展望

  • 概述
  • 市場動態
    • 驅動程式
    • 限制因素
    • 機會
  • 波特五力模型
  • 價值鏈分析

5. 全球蓖麻油及其衍生物市場(按產品)

  • 概述
  • 脫水蓖麻油
  • 氫化蓖麻油(蓖麻蠟)
  • 蓖麻油酸
  • -羥基硬脂酸(12-HSA)
  • 癸二酸
  • 其他

6. 全球蓖麻油及其衍生物市場(依應用)

  • 概述
  • 表面塗層
  • 生質柴油
  • 潤滑油
  • 塑膠和樹脂
  • 化妝品和藥品
  • 其他

7. 世界蓖麻油及其衍生物市場(按地區)

  • 概述
  • 北美洲
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 法國
    • 其他歐洲國家
  • 亞太地區
    • 中國
    • 日本
    • 印度
    • 其他亞太地區
  • 世界其他地區
    • 拉丁美洲
    • 中東和非洲

第8章全球蓖麻油及衍生物市場的競爭格局

  • 概述
  • 各公司市場排名
  • 主要發展策略

第9章 公司簡介

  • Thai Castor Oil Industries Co. Ltd.
  • Jayant Agro-Organics Limited
  • RPK Agrotech
  • ITOH Oil Chemicals Co., Ltd.
  • Hokoku Corporation
  • Tongliao Tonghua Castor Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • NK Proteins Pvt Limited
  • Xingtai Lantian Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Taj Agro Products Limited
  • Adani Wilmar Ltd

第10章 附錄

  • 相關調查
簡介目錄
Product Code: 30524

Castor Oil And Derivatives Market Valuation - 2026-2032

The demand for castor oil and derivatives is anticipated to be driven by increased consumption of the product in biodiesel feedstock. Liquid biofuels are used as substitute fuels for different types of combustion engines working on kerosene, diesel, and gasoline as well as in passenger vehicles including airplanes, ships, and trucks. The market size surpass USD 1.44 Billion valued in 2024 to reach a valuation of around USD 2.12 Billion by 2032.

Castor oil is expected to be in high demand from the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors over the forecast period, owing to rising healthcare expenditure and increased awareness among individuals about self-management and preventive care, which will result in increased consumption of cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. The product's demand is also expected to rise as it becomes more widely used in the creation of skincare goods, cosmetics, and soap.The rising demand for The Castor Oil And Derivatives is enabling the market grow at a CAGR of 5.50% from 2026 to 2032.

Castor Oil And Derivatives Market: Definition/ Overview

Castor oil is a vegetable oil produced by crushing the seeds of the castor oil plant. Castor oil mostly contains monounsaturated, ricinoleic, and 18-carbon fatty acids. It has a steady viscosity, thus it does not freeze at low temperatures. As a result, it is an excellent alternative to synthetic lubricants in commercial industrial operations. Castor oil and its derivatives are used in a variety of industries, including food, cosmetics, lubricants, paints, agriculture, medicines, plastics and rubber, electronics and telecommunications, perfumery, inks and adhesives, and textile chemicals. Castor oil is also synthesized to make biodiesel.

Castor oil derivatives include castor wax, sulfonated castor oil, castor meal, and dehydrated castor oil, all of which have a wide range of industrial applications. The product serves as a raw material for the manufacturing of chemicals, which are then used to make specialized soaps, surfactants, cosmetics, personal care products, surface coatings, medicines, greases and lubricants, specialty rubber, and plasticizers.

The Castor Oil And Derivatives Market size may be driven by its strong application potential in the lubricants, plastics and resins, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and surface coating industries. Castor oil derivatives, such as hydrogenated oil, are commonly used as lubricants due to their polarity, lubricity, surface resistance, and water repellent qualities. Shifting preferences toward biodegradable products to lessen reliance on petrochemicals may increase product demand. Volatile crude prices have prompted a significant shift toward conventional biofuels, boosting industry growth. Consumer propensity toward personal care due to changing lifestyles and improving economic standards has resulted in an increase in cosmetic product demand, stimulating industry growth.

Will the Agricultural Factors Drive the Castor Oil And Derivatives Market?

Castor oil and derivatives market expansion is driven by its exceptional adaptability and wide range of applications across sectors. Agricultural variables have a considerable influence on the castor oil and derivatives market. Weather patterns, soil conditions, and agricultural techniques all have an impact on the production of castor plants, which are grown mostly in India, China, and Brazil. Any disruptions or fluctuations in these parameters can have a direct impact on the supply of castor seeds, which in turn affects the availability and cost of castor oil and derivatives.

Furthermore, because castor plants require specific environmental conditions for optimal growth, shifts in climate patterns or extreme weather events might threaten stable production levels, potentially leading to supply shortages or fluctuations in market dynamics.

Furthermore, innovations in agricultural technology and practices have the potential to significantly impact the castor oil industry. Improvements in farming techniques, such as improved seed types, irrigation systems, and insect management measures, have the potential to increase crop yields and quality, hence strengthening the castor oil supply chain.

Furthermore, activities targeted at boosting sustainable agriculture and improving castor cultivation efficiency can help the castor oil and derivatives market grow and stabilize over time. Overall, agricultural variables continue to play a significant role in influencing the trajectory of the castor oil business, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable farming techniques and resistance to environmental difficulties in guaranteeing a consistent supply of this versatile commodity.

Will the Limited Cultivation Areas Hamper the Growth of the Castor Oil And Derivatives Market?

The Castor Oil and Derivatives Market has challenging, castor plants require special environmental, such as warm temperatures, well-drained soils, and adequate water supply, limiting their cultivation to select locales, primarily tropical and subtropical countries. This geographic barrier limits the global supply of castor oil, potentially resulting in supply shortages and market price volatility.

Furthermore, the concentration of castor cultivation in a few important regions, such as India, China, and Brazil, makes the market more vulnerable to interruptions caused by localized weather catastrophes or agricultural concerns, compounding supply uncertainty.

Limited cultivation regions limit not only the availability of castor oil but also the market's scalability and expansion. As demand for castor oil and its derivatives rises in a variety of industries, including cosmetics, medicines, and manufacturing, the limited supply base may inhibit efforts to fulfill growing market demand.

The market's reliance on a small number of producing regions makes it more susceptible to external shocks such as severe weather, illnesses, or geopolitical tensions, all of which can disrupt supply chains and undermine market stability. Overcoming these limits will necessitate initiatives to discover new production sites, improve agricultural practices, and increase resistance to environmental difficulties, supporting long-term growth and development of the castor oil market.

Category-Wise Acumens

Will the 12-hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA) Segment Drive of the Castor Oil And Derivatives Market?

the Castor Oil and Derivatives Market, 12-hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA) may drive a certain portion. Its value stems from its functional qualities. 12-HSA is a thickening, lubricant, and emollient, making it an ideal ingredient for use in cosmetics, personal care products, and even rubber manufacturing. Compared to some existing options, 12-HSA has the advantage of being bio-based and sustainable.

The impact of 12-HSA is expected to be greater in various parts of the Castor Oil and Derivatives Market. For example, the personal care industry, which is increasingly focused on natural ingredients, may witness an increase in demand for 12-HSA as a thickening agent in lotions and creams. Here, 12-HSA can meet the growing customer demand for natural and sustainable products.

The long-term impact of 12-HSA is determined by a variety of factors other than its functioning. Production costs are an important concern. If the cost of generating 12-HSA remains stable and competitive when compared to existing alternatives, adoption will certainly accelerate. However, if the cost becomes a barrier, its commercial power may be limited. Furthermore, the total impact of 12-HSA on the Castor Oil and Derivatives Market would be influenced by market competitiveness as well as the specialized requirements of different industries.

Will Alternatives Variety of Industry Accelerate the Plastics and Resins Application for the Castor Oil And Derivatives Market?

The plastics and resins sector has the potential to be a significant demand driver for the Castor Oil and Derivatives Market. This potential arises from an increasing preference for sustainable alternatives in a variety of industries. Castor oil derivatives provide a compelling option in terms of biodegradability. Sebacic acid, a major derivative, can be used to make bioplastics, which are a more environmentally friendly alternative to typical petroleum-based materials. This correlates perfectly with the growing emphasis on sustainability, making castor oil derivatives an appealing option for enterprises looking for environmentally beneficial solutions.

The effect of plastics and resins on the Castor Oil and Derivatives Market extends beyond biodegradability. Castor oil derivatives offer practical advantages as well. They can improve flexibility, strength, and heat resistance in plastics and resins. Because of their broader range of functions, they are appropriate for a wider range of applications in the plastics and resins industry.

The plastics and resins market is expected to increase significantly in the future years. This industry increase, combined with the growing demand for sustainable alternatives, creates a significant opportunity for the Castor Oil and Derivatives industry. Nonetheless, some obstacles remain. Castor oil derivatives might be more expensive than standard alternatives. Furthermore, guaranteeing a consistent and sufficient supply of castor oil will be critical to meeting the expanding demand in the plastics and resins industry.

Country/Region-wise Acumens

How will The Castor Oil And Derivatives Accelerate the Growth in the Asia Pacific Market?

The Asia Pacific area is expected to have significant growth in the Castor Oil and Derivatives Market, owing to a number of factors that highlight its potential as a developing hub for industry advancement. The region's growing industrialization, notably in economic powerhouses like China and India, is driving rising demand from a variety of end-use industries. Castor oil derivatives have several applications, including fillers in construction materials, components in plastics and polymers, and important constituents in lubricants. This booming need is fueled by a growing emphasis on sustainability, with sectors increasingly turning to bio-based alternatives such as castor oil derivatives for their biodegradability and environmental benefits.

Government initiatives and strategic infrastructure development activities are critical to the Castor Oil and Derivatives Market's growth trajectory in the Asia-Pacific region. Governments are realizing castor oil's enormous potential and are establishing supportive policies to boost local production while also encouraging research and development in processing and derivative applications. Furthermore, investments in transportation and logistics infrastructure are expected to speed up the movement of castor oil and its derivatives across the region, improving market accessibility and supply chain efficiency.

The cost-effectiveness of castor oil derivatives, particularly gray castor oil, emerges as a key driver of market penetration in the Asia Pacific area. Grey castor oil is well-known for its abundance and affordability, and it effectively caters to the price-sensitive character of many businesses, assuring widespread adoption across several market categories. This strategic convergence of cost considerations and product preferences not only strengthens the region's competitive advantage, but also positions it as a leader in grabbing a sizable piece of the worldwide Castor Oil and Derivatives Market.

How will the Strong Industries Base Propel the Castor Oil And Derivatives Market in Europe?

Europe is the world's second-largest consumer of castor oil and derivatives, owing to a variety of reasons that highlight the market's importance. At the heart of this consumption is healthy demand from a wide range of end-use industries, bolstered by Europe's strong industrial base. Castor oil derivatives are widely used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care, lubricants, and polymers, where they play an important role in improving product efficacy and performance. From pharmaceutical formulations that use castor oil derivatives for medication delivery systems to the cosmetics industry that incorporates them into hair care and skincare products, the versatility of these derivatives fits the changing needs of Europe's discriminating consumers.

Despite being a major consumer, Europe has a striking lack of indigenous production capacity for castor oil and derivatives. Due to the region's limited cultivation of castor oil plants, demand is heavily reliant on imports, highlighting Europe's dependency on external sources to meet its consumption requirements. This disparity in domestic production highlights the region's distinct position in the global castor oil market, posing both challenges and opportunities for market participants as they navigate supply chain dynamics and sourcing strategies to ensure consistent availability and quality of castor oil derivatives.

Europe's preference for sustainable alternatives emphasizes the importance of castor oil derivatives in the region's market environment. As a leader in environmental consciousness, Europe prioritizes eco-friendly solutions, encouraging industry to actively seek out bio-based alternatives that line with sustainability goals. Castor oil derivatives, known for their bio-based origin and biodegradability, emerge as an appealing option, reflecting Europe's attitude of environmental care while meeting performance and functionality criteria across a wide range of applications.

Competitive Landscape

The castor oil and derivatives market is a dynamic and competitive space, characterized by a diverse range of players vying for market share. These players are on the run for solidifying their presence through the adoption of strategic plans such as collaborations, mergers, acquisitions, and political support.

The organizations are focusing on innovating their product line to serve the vast population in diverse regions. Some of the prominent players operating in the market include:

  • Thai Castor Oil Industries Co. Ltd.
  • Jayant Agro-Organics Limited
  • RPK Agrotech
  • ITOH Oil Chemicals Co., Ltd.
  • Hokoku Corporation
  • Tongliao Tonghua Castor Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • N.K. Proteins Pvt Limited
  • Xingtai Lantian Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Taj Agro Products Limited
  • Adani Wilmar Ltd.

Latest Developments

  • In September 2022, Emery Oleochemicals bought Oleon, extending its castor derivatives portfolio. The acquisition bolstered its global presence. Emery Oleochemicals is a global leader in specialized chemical manufacturing. It offers formulators and manufacturers best-in-class renewable solutions that are known for their capacity to boost processing efficiencies, deliver exceptional technical performance, and promote environmental safety. Oleon has been a significant producer of oleochemicals since the 1950s, specialized in turning natural fats and oils into a diverse range of goods.
  • In March 2022, Stepan Company introduced its NATSURA + Castor-Based Surfactant range. Biosurfactants are appropriate for home and personal care applications. Stepan Company is a specialized chemical producer with its headquarters in Northbrook, Illinois.
  • Alfred C. Stepan, Jr. created the company in 1932, and it currently employs about 2,000 people. His grandson, Mr. Quinn Stepan, Jr., currently runs it.
  • In June 2021, Wilmar International teamed with ADM to produce and commercialize specialized castor derivatives. The alliance improved their global casting capacity. Wilmar International Limited, a Singapore-based food processing and investment holding firm, has over 300 subsidiary companies. Founded in 1991, it is one of Asia's biggest agribusiness organizations, along with the COFCO Group.

Castor Oil And Derivatives Market, By Category

  • Product:
  • Dehydrated Castor Oil
  • Hydrogenated Castor oil (Castor wax)
  • Ricinoleic Acid

12-hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA)

  • Sebacic acid
  • Application:
  • Surface Coatings
  • Biodiesel
  • Lubricants
  • Plastics and Resins
  • Region:
  • North America
  • Europe
  • Asia-Pacific
  • South America
  • Middle East & Africa

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION OF GLOBAL CASTOR OIL AND DERIVATIVES MARKET

  • 1.1 Overview of the Market
  • 1.2 Scope of Report
  • 1.3 Assumptions

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF VERIFIED MARKET RESEARCH

  • 3.1 Data Mining
  • 3.2 Validation
  • 3.3 Primary Interviews
  • 3.4 List of Data Sources

4 GLOBAL CASTOR OIL AND DERIVATIVES MARKET OUTLOOK

  • 4.1 Overview
  • 4.2 Market Dynamics
    • 4.2.1 Drivers
    • 4.2.2 Restraints
    • 4.2.3 Opportunities
  • 4.3 Porters Five Force Model
  • 4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 GLOBAL CASTOR OIL AND DERIVATIVES MARKET, BY PRODUCT

  • 5.1 Overview
  • 5.2 Dehydrated Castor Oil
  • 5.3 Hydrogenated Castor oil (Castor wax)
  • 5.4 Ricinoleic Acid
  • 5.512-hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA)
  • 5.6 Sebacic acid
  • 5.7 Others

6 GLOBAL CASTOR OIL AND DERIVATIVES MARKET, BY APPLICATION

  • 6.1 Overview
  • 6.2 Surface Coatings
  • 6.3 Biodiesel
  • 6.4 Lubricants
  • 6.5 Plastics and Resins
  • 6.6 Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals
  • 6.7 Others

7 GLOBAL CASTOR OIL AND DERIVATIVES MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 7.1 Overview
  • 7.2 North America
    • 7.2.1 U.S.
    • 7.2.2 Canada
    • 7.2.3 Mexico
  • 7.3 Europe
    • 7.3.1 Germany
    • 7.3.2 U.K.
    • 7.3.3 France
    • 7.3.4 Rest of Europe
  • 7.4 Asia Pacific
    • 7.4.1 China
    • 7.4.2 Japan
    • 7.4.3 India
    • 7.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific
  • 7.5 Rest of the World
    • 7.5.1 Latin America
    • 7.5.2 Middle East & Africa

8 GLOBAL CASTOR OIL AND DERIVATIVES MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • 8.1 Overview
  • 8.2 Company Market Ranking
  • 8.3 Key Development Strategies

9 COMPANY PROFILES

  • 9.1 Thai Castor Oil Industries Co. Ltd.
    • 9.1.1 Overview
    • 9.1.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.1.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.1.4 Key Developments
  • 9.2 Jayant Agro-Organics Limited
    • 9.2.1 Overview
    • 9.2.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.2.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.2.4 Key Developments
  • 9.3 RPK Agrotech
    • 9.3.1 Overview
    • 9.3.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.3.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.3.4 Key Developments
  • 9.4 ITOH Oil Chemicals Co., Ltd.
    • 9.4.1 Overview
    • 9.4.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.4.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.4.4 Key Developments
  • 9.5 Hokoku Corporation
    • 9.5.1 Overview
    • 9.5.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.5.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.5.4 Key Developments
  • 9.6 Tongliao Tonghua Castor Chemical Co., Ltd.
    • 9.6.1 Overview
    • 9.6.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.6.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.6.4 Key Developments
  • 9.7 N.K. Proteins Pvt Limited
    • 9.7.1 Overview
    • 9.7.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.7.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.7.4 Key Developments
  • 9.8 Xingtai Lantian Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
    • 9.8.1 Overview
    • 9.8.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.8.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.8.4 Key Developments
  • 9.9 Taj Agro Products Limited
    • 9.9.1 Overview
    • 9.9.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.9.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.9.4 Key Developments
  • 9.10 Adani Wilmar Ltd
    • 9.10.1 Overview
    • 9.10.2 Financial Performance
    • 9.10.3 Product Outlook
    • 9.10.4 Key Developments

10 Appendix

  • 10.1 Related Research