物聯網和嵌入式作業系統：安全認證和即時功能推動需求和差異化

物聯網應用的整體成長預計將繼續推動對物聯網和嵌入式作業系統的需求。嵌入式市場中先進技術的興起，包括 ADAS（高級駕駛輔助系統）、自動駕駛系統和工業預測性維護，正在推動對能夠滿足可靠性和低延遲要求並提供安全關鍵合規性的操作系統的需求。這些需求推動因素共同為支援跨行業和跨用例的廣泛複雜功能的解決方案創造了新的市場機會。此外，作業系統供應商正在擴大其解決方案所遵循的功能安全認證，使其處於產品行銷訊息的最前沿。這樣一來，曾經專注於特定市場的供應商現在正在向其他鄰近行業提供解決方案，這些行業重視他們在安全關鍵解決方案方面的資歷和專業知識。

在航空航太、國防和汽車等安全關鍵型市場中，不斷上升的成本壓力促使越來越多的開發商和工程組織轉向開源解決方案，以避免高昂的版稅和授權費用。此外，開源作業系統的進步、其滿足安全敏感行業需求的能力以及強大的開發者社群正在推動嵌入式開發人員在其專案中整合開源解決方案的信心。商業供應商繼續擴展其基於 Linux 的作業系統產品及其專有解決方案，並且最近將重點轉向開源安全認證工作。設備處理能力和記憶體容量的進步為 RTOS 供應商提供了滿足基於 MCU 的設備需求的市場機會。雖然過去有幾家主要的作業系統供應商都提供過此類服務，但現在它已成為新進入者的一個有希望的市場空白。

將會解答哪些問題？

• 就營收和單位而言，全球物聯網和嵌入式作業系統市場規模是多少？
• 開源作業系統在哪些方面對商業專有解決方案構成競爭威脅？
• 對於嵌入式工程師來說，哪些作業系統購買決策因素仍然最重要？
• 最近的併購如何改變了汽車產業的競爭格局？
• 商業專有作業系統、商業開源作業系統和公共開源作業系統的使用如何因行業垂直和地區而異？

本報告中介紹的組織

報告摘錄

安全性和可靠性仍然是購買決策的關鍵因素

本報告分析了物聯網和嵌入式作業系統市場及新興趨勢。它深入報告了影響長期市場規範並開闢新機會的新興趨勢、技術、標準和法規、工程師偏好和競爭策略。

目錄

本報告內容

提出的問題

誰該閱讀本報告？

本報告中介紹的組織

執行摘要

• 主要發現

世界市場概覽

介紹

• 開源，注重安全認證
• MCU 的新商業機會
• RISC-V 支援對於未來發展至關重要

近期市場趨勢

• 標準和法規
• 組織
• 合作與收購

垂直市場

• 航天與國防
• 汽車/鐵路/運輸
• 工業自動化

區域市場

• 美洲
• 歐洲/中東/非洲
• 亞太地區

競爭格局

• 主要供應商洞察
  • eSol
  • Green Hills Software
  • Lynx
  • Microsoft
  • PX5
  • QNX
  • Red Hat
  • Siemens
  • Wind River

最終用戶洞察

• 開源作業系統的使用增加
• 安全性和可靠性仍然是購買決策的關鍵因素
• 對即時功能的需求不斷增長
• 對安全關鍵型開源的開放性

關於作者

關於 VDC Research

Inside this Report

The overall market for IoT & embedded operating systems will continue steady growth over the forecast period, while emerging trends and dynamics will lead to shifts in the internal market makeup. Factors including engineering practices, commercial strategies, government pressures, and industry group initiatives will lead to shifts in the markets for proprietary, commercial open source, and publicly available open source operating systems. Continued advancements in embedded hardware performance has exposed gaps in the market servicing certain processor types, while emerging architectures are forcing vendors to adapt to future development needs.

This report analyzes the market and emerging trends for IoT & embedded operating systems. It includes detailed discussion of emerging trends and technologies, standards and regulations, engineer preferences, and competitive strategies that are impacting longstanding market norms and opening up new commercial opportunities.

What Questions are Addressed?

• How large is the global market for IoT & Embedded Operating Systems, both in terms of attributable revenue and unit shipments?
• In what ways are open source operating systems posing a competitive threat to commercial proprietary solutions?
• Which operating system purchasing decision factors remain top of mind for embedded engineers?
• What shifts have recent mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity caused within the automotive industry's competitive landscape?
• How does use of commercial proprietary, commercial open source, and publicly available open source OSs differ by vertical and regional market?

Who Should Read this Report?

This research program is written for those making critical business decisions regarding product, market, channel, and competitive strategy and tactics. This report is intended for senior decision-makers who are developing embedded technology, including:

• CEO or other C-level executives
• Corporate development and M&A teams
• Marketing executives
• Business development and sales leaders
• Product development and product strategy leaders
• Channel management and channel strategy leaders

Organizations Listed in this Report:

Executive Summary

Overall growth in IoT deployments will continue to drive demand for IoT & embedded operating systems. The rise of advanced technologies across embedded markets, including advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), autonomous systems, and industrial predictive maintenance, are increasing demand for operating systems (OSs) that can provide safety-critical compliance while addressing reliability and low latency requirements. Together, these drivers of demand have opened up a new market opportunity for solutions that can support broad, industry- and use-case agnostic sophisticated functionalities. At the same time, OS vendors are expanding the functional safety certifications their solutions adhere to, placing them at the forefront of product marketing messaging. In doing so, vendors that once focused on specific markets are increasingly offering their solutions to other adjacent industries that value their lineage of safety-critical solutions and expertise.

Within safety-critical markets including aerospace & defense and automotive, rising cost pressures have turned more developers and engineering organizations towards open source solutions to avoid expensive royalty and licensing fees. At the same time, advancements in open source operating systems' ability to address the needs of these safety and security sensitive industries combined with a robust developer community has increased embedded developers' confidence with integrating open source solutions into their projects. Commercial vendors are continuing to expand their Linux-based OS offerings alongside their proprietary solutions, with recent focus shifting to open source safety-certification efforts. Advancements in device processing power and memory capabilities have exposed a market opportunity for RTOS vendors to address demand from MCU-based devices that, while in the past has been serviced by multiple leading OS vendors, has now emerged as a potential future- proofed market gap for a new entrant.

Embedded development organizations are seeking to consolidate the oftentimes disparate tool sets their use within projects and across enterprises. As such, OS vendors are responding in kind with unified platforms, offering their OS solutions alongside software development tools, acting as single source for engineers to help simplify development processes and ensure compatibility.

Key Findings:

• Bare metal development and use of lightweight executives has decreased within MCU-based embedded projects, highlighting a growing demand and commercial opportunity for operating systems targeting smaller hardware footprints.
• The IoT & embedded operating systems market is experiencing significant M&A activity, corporate restructurings, and partnerships that have the potential to redefine the competitive landscape.
• The expansion of product portfolios through both internally developed solutions as well as collaborative partnerships will drive vendor differentiation within the IoT & embedded operating system market, as engineers seek to consolidate toolsets and look for ease of integration.

Report Excerpt

Security and Reliability Remain Key Drivers of Purchasing Decision

With advancements in regulations combined with increasingly complex and demanding standards across industries, embedded engineers are demanding more stringent safety and security certifications built into their operating systems. Offerings from leading vendors including BlackBerry QNX, SEGGER, and WITTENSTEIN offer built-in certifications to leading industry standards such as ISO 26262, IEC 62304, and IEC 61508. Aside from longstanding purchasing decision factors such as overall cost and overall reliability, security capabilities serve as a leading driver of primary embedded operating system selection. The importance of this factor has increased since 2022, highlighting the growing emphasis that embedded engineers place upon safety and security functions. Vendors across the ecosystem regularly highlight the safety and security certifications of their commercial operating system solutions - a marketing approach that should continue to be utilized to attract business and confidence among safety-critical embedded industries.

Being able to offer engineers suites of complementary solutions remains a considerable driver of embedded operating system purchasing decision, ranking fifth (25.8%). Vendors such as Green Hills Software and Wind River offer product development tools alongside their operating systems, with their tool suites acting as strategic launching pads to penetrate into large development organizations. Once developing both brand reputation as well as familiarity with their tooling solutions, vendors can effectively cross-sell their OS solutions, increasing overall wallet share and account size. This dynamic can be spurred along by the growing consolidation sought out among developers seeking to standardize dispersed sets of development tools on one specific vendor. A considerable downside to open source OS use is the lack of robust and readily available complementary development tools, which may hamper sustained use of open source operating systems. The growing and extending software lifecycle will only increase the premium associated with advanced development tools, especially as more OEMs look for platforms not only for code composition, but also to audit and manage code updates across deployed devices.

A notable increase in the importance of overall cost has occurred since 2022, highlighting the need for vendors of commercial non open source OS solutions to address their offerings. While multiple companies including eSOL and Red Hat have experimented with and introduced new pricing structures more akin to multi-year contracts and subscription models that include support and service than traditional perpetual licensing schemes, a more holistic approach considering a total reconsideration of value proposition may prove to be more fruitful in addressing cost sensitivities. Changes to licensing structures within the OS market are not a new dynamic, with Wind River adopting a term licensing structure over a decade ago. Siemens has ceased offering its OS solutions as standalone solutions, deciding instead to roll them into its new Innexis product portfolio to inadvertently enhance the capabilities of its solutions through packaged complementary offerings. Elsewhere, vendors like SEGGER are adapting to this increased price sensitivity by lowering licensing costs for its OS solutions for R&D purposes, incentivizing experimentation that will hopefully translate to realized revenue down the line.

Table of Contents

Inside this Report

What Questions are Addressed?

Who Should Read this Report?

Organizations Listed in this Report

Executive Summary

• Key Findings

Global Market Overview

Introduction

• Open Source Focusing on Safety Certification
• Renewed Commercial Opportunity for the MCU
• RISC-V Support Critical for Future Development

Recent Market Developments

• Standards & Regulations
  • Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)
• Organizations
  • The Eclipse Foundation
  • The Linux Foundation
• Partnerships & Acquisitions
  • Azure RTOS is now ThreadX (Again)
  • Bosch Repositions ETAS to Service the Entire SDV
  • Green Hills Software and NXP Partner on SDV Platform
  • Lynx Acquires CoreAVI

Vertical Markets

• Aerospace & Defense
• Automotive/Rail/Transportation
• Industrial Automation

Regional Markets

• The Americas
• Europe, the Middle East & Africa (EMEA)
• Asia-Pacific (APAC)

Competitive Landscape

• Selected Vendor Insights
  • eSol
  • Green Hills Software
  • Lynx
  • Microsoft
  • PX5
  • QNX
  • Red Hat
  • Siemens
  • Wind River

End-User Insights

• Rising Utilization of Open Source Operating Systems
• Security and Reliability Remain Key Drivers of Purchasing Decision
• Increasing Demand for Real-Time Capabilities
• An Openness to Safety-Critical Open Source

About the Authors

About VDC Research

List of Exhibits

• Exhibit 1: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 2: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Operating System Type; 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 3: Global Unit Shipments of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 4: Global Unit Shipments of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems, Segmented by Operating System Type; 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 5: Most Important Characteristics when Selecting the Primary Embedded Operating System for Current Project, by use of Windows OS
• Exhibit 6: Estimation of Number of Defects and Software Patches Required by Customer Per Year for Most Current Project, Segmented by Primary Operating System Type
• Exhibit 7: Primary Operating System Used on Current Project, Segmented by Primary Application Processor Type
• Exhibit 8: Processor Family/Architecture of Primary/Application Processor in Current Project
• Exhibit 9: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Vertical Market; 2023 & 2028
• Exhibit 10: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Vertical Market (Excluding Microsoft); 2023 & 2028
• Exhibit 11: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems and Related Services, Segmented by Vertical Market and Revenue Leaders; 2023
• Exhibit 12: Global Aerospace & Defense Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 13: Global Automotive/Rail/Transportation Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 14: Global Industrial Automation Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 15: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Regional Market; 2023 & 2028
• Exhibit 16: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Regional Market (Excluding Microsoft); 2023 & 2028
• Exhibit 17: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems and Related Services, Segmented by Regional Market and Revenue Leaders; 2023
• Exhibit 18: The Americas Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 19: EMEA Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 20: APAC Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, 2023 - 2028
• Exhibit 21: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Leading Vendors; 2023
• Exhibit 22: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Real-Time Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Leading Vendors; 2023
• Exhibit 23: Global Revenue of IoT & Embedded Linux Operating Systems & Related Services, Segmented by Leading Vendors; 2023
• Exhibit 24: Global Unit Share of IoT & Embedded Operating Systems and Related Services, Segmented by Leading Vendors; 2023
• Exhibit 25: Primary Operating System Used on Current Project
• Exhibit 26: Primary Operating System Expected to be Used in Three Years
• Exhibit 27: Most Important Characteristics When Selecting the Primary Embedded Operating System for Current Project
• Exhibit 28: Capabilities/Features of Current Project
• Exhibit 29: Type of Real-Time Capabilities for Current Project
• Exhibit 30: Primary Operating System Used on Current Project, Segmented by Certification/Process Standard Requirement
• Exhibit 31: Primary Operating System Used on Current Project, Segmented by Lack of Certification/Process Standard Requirement