爆炸物微量檢測市場－全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會、預測：按產品、技術、最終用途、地區和競爭格局分類，2021-2031年

全球爆炸物微量檢測市場預計將從 2025 年的 115.5 億美元成長到 2031 年的 190.2 億美元，複合年成長率為 8.67%。

微量爆炸物探測 (ETD) 系統是一項關鍵的安全技術，它利用蒸氣分析和拭子採集等採樣技術，識別附著在貨物、人員或行李上的微量爆炸物。市場成長的主要驅動力是日益嚴格的航空安全法規的實施以及全球旅客數量的不斷成長，這導致邊境檢查站和機場對高效篩檢基礎設施的需求日益增加。國際航空運輸協會 (IATA) 於 2025 年發布的最新數據顯示，2024 年的年客運量比 2023 年增加了 10.4%，進一步印證了這項需求。因此，當局不得不部署更多探測設備，以在不降低處理速度的前提下維持安全標準。

然而，市場擴張的一大障礙在於檢測靈敏度和運作效率之間的權衡。誤報率高的檢測器會導致顯著的延誤，並增加二次檢查所需的工作量，從而降低運作效率。這些挑戰使得一些終端使用者在升級設備或擴大部署規模方面猶豫不決，他們擔心偵測能力的提升會影響安檢查核點的整體效率。

市場促進因素

全球恐怖主義和簡易爆炸裝置（IED）威脅的日益加劇，是推動全球微量爆炸物偵測市場發展的主要動力。隨著非對稱戰爭策略日益複雜，安全機構被迫升級其偵測能力以應對威脅，尤其是在局勢不穩定的地區和關鍵基礎設施所在地。這種風險環境的加劇促使各國採購能夠識別與簡易爆炸裝置相關的微量揮發性化合物的先進檢測系統。經濟與和平研究所於2024年2月發布的《2024年全球恐怖主義指數》凸顯了這項需求的迫切性。報告顯示，2023年恐怖主義造成的死亡人數增加了22%，達到8,352人，為2017年以來的最高水準。這些數據表明，各國政府亟需加強預防措施，從而持續推動民用和軍事領域對可靠微量檢測設備的需求。

嚴格的航空安全和航空貨物篩檢的強制實施進一步加速了市場成長，這也促使企業採用新一代篩檢技術。監管機構正在執行更嚴格的合規標準，要求物流運營商和機場使用能夠處理不斷成長的貨運量而不造成堵塞的自動化檢測解決方案。這項現代化措施的推動力來自運輸安全管理局(TSA) 於 2024 年 3 月公佈的 2025 會計年度預算，該預算撥款 8,960 萬美元用於採購更多查核點貨物安檢系統設備。此外，航空篩檢業的擴張也同步催生了需求。根據國際航空運輸協會 (IATA) 2024 年 10 月發布的報告，2024 年 8 月全球航空貨運需求年增 11.4%，迫使營運商擴大基礎設施，以確保商業活動的快速發展不會影響安全協議。

市場挑戰

全球微量爆炸物檢測市場面臨的一大障礙是檢測靈敏度和處理速度之間的權衡。如果微量檢測器經常發出誤報，就會導致安檢查核點頻繁停車進行二次檢查。這種人工干預會增加人事費用，並顯著延長旅客通關時間。因此，設施營運方往往會推遲升級到新型號，擔心更高的偵測能力會以犧牲運作速度和效率為代價。

鑑於機場基礎設施​​面臨著應對日益成長的旅客數量的巨大壓力，這種猶豫不決尤為嚴重。國際機場協會 (ACI) 預測，到 2024 年，全球旅客吞吐量預計將達到 97 億人次，超過 2019 年的水準。面對如此龐大的處理能力需求，機場無法承受高靈敏度設備容易誤報所造成的壅塞。因此，無法在準確檢測和快速處理時間之間取得平衡，直接阻礙了微量物質檢測系統的應用，從而限制了其在高客流量環境下的市場擴張。

市場趨勢

人工智慧 (AI) 和機器學習的整合正在改變全球爆炸物微量檢測市場，解決了靈敏度和運行速度之間的關鍵平衡問題。先進的演算法正被應用於更精確地分析光譜數據，與傳統的基於規則的軟體相比，能夠更有效地區分真正的爆炸物標記和無害的干擾物質。這項技術進步降低了導致查核點瓶頸的誤報率，並在不降低檢測標準的前提下，提高了整體安檢處理能力。 SITA 於 2025 年 2 月發布的《2024 年航空運輸 IT 洞察》報告也體現了業界對數位轉型的投入。報告顯示，81% 的航空公司正在優先考慮採用人工智慧 (AI) 和機器學習進行威脅偵測，以最佳化其安檢營運。

同時，為了增強便攜性，檢測器的微型化正在加速其市場部署，使其不再局限於固定的查核點。這使得在航空貨運設備和公共交通樞紐等動態環境中進行彈性篩檢成為可能。製造商正擴大利用高壓質譜和非放射性電離源來開發攜帶式設備，從而實現現場精準分析。這項功能使負責人能夠直接在現場檢測可疑物品或貨物，而無需將其運送到中央檢查點，從而簡化了高流量環境下的工作流程。對這些行動解決方案的需求也反映在財務表現上。根據908 Devices Inc.於2025年3月發布的“2024年第四季度及全年財務業績”，2024年攜帶式檢測設備的銷售額同比成長22%，達到4610萬美元。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章：調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶心聲

第5章：微量爆炸物檢測的全球市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
  • 按金額
• 市佔率及預測
  • 產品類別（手持式、可攜式/可攜式、固定式）
  • 依技術（化學冷光、熱氧化還原、放大螢光聚合物、質譜、離子移動率分析、自動比色分析）
  • 按用途（商業、國防、其他）
  • 按地區
  • 按公司（2025 年）
• 市場地圖

第6章：北美微量爆炸物檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 北美洲：國別分析
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

第7章：歐洲微量爆炸物檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 歐洲：國別分析
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 英國
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙

第8章：亞太地區微量爆炸物檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 亞太地區：國別分析
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韓國
  • 澳洲

第9章：中東和非洲微量爆炸物檢測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 中東與非洲：國別分析
  • 沙烏地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
  • 南非

第10章：南美洲微量爆炸物偵測市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 南美洲：國別分析
  • 巴西
  • 哥倫比亞
  • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

• 促進因素
• 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

• 併購
• 產品發布
• 近期趨勢

第13章：全球爆炸物微量檢測市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

• 產業競爭
• 新進入者的潛力
• 供應商的議價能力
• 顧客權力
• 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

• Analogic Corporation
• Autoclear LLC
• Bruker Corporation
• Leidos, Inc
• OSI Systems, Inc
• Smiths Detection Group Ltd
• Teledyne Technologies Incorporated
• DetectaChem, Inc.
• RS DYNAMICS LLC
• Morphix Technologies

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

The Global Explosive Trace Detection Market is projected to expand from USD 11.55 Billion in 2025 to USD 19.02 Billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 8.67%. Explosive Trace Detection (ETD) systems serve as critical security technologies, utilizing sampling methods such as vapor analysis or swabbing to identify microscopic residues of explosives on cargo, personnel, or luggage. Market growth is primarily driven by the enforcement of strict aviation security mandates and the increasing volume of global travelers, which necessitates effective screening infrastructure at border control points and airports. This demand is reinforced by recent data from the International Air Transport Association in 2025, which reported that total full-year passenger traffic for 2024 rose by 10.4% compared to 2023. Consequently, authorities are compelled to acquire additional detection units to uphold security standards without impeding processing speeds.

Nevertheless, a significant obstacle to market expansion is the trade-off between detection sensitivity and operational throughput. Trace detectors that exhibit high false alarm rates can cause considerable delays and increase labor demands for secondary screenings, leading to operational inefficiencies. These challenges cause some end-users to hesitate in upgrading equipment or expanding their deployment footprints, as they fear that enhanced detection capabilities might compromise the overall efficiency of their security checkpoints.

Market Driver

The escalating threat of global terrorism and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) acts as a primary catalyst for the Global Explosive Trace Detection Market. As asymmetric warfare tactics become more complex, security agencies are forced to modernize their screening capabilities to counter threats, particularly in volatile regions and critical infrastructure hubs. This heightened risk landscape drives the procurement of advanced detection systems capable of identifying minute volatile compounds associated with improvised devices. The urgency of this need is highlighted by the Institute for Economics & Peace's "Global Terrorism Index 2024," released in February 2024, which noted that total deaths caused by terrorism increased by 22% to 8,352 in 2023, the highest level since 2017. Such statistics underscore the operational necessity for governments to strengthen preventive measures, sustaining demand for reliable trace detectors across civilian and military sectors.

Market growth is further amplified by the implementation of stringent aviation security and air cargo screening mandates, which necessitate the adoption of next-generation screening technologies. Regulatory bodies are enforcing stricter compliance standards, requiring logistics providers and airports to utilize automated detection solutions that manage growing volumes without creating bottlenecks. This modernization effort is supported by the Transportation Security Administration's "Fiscal Year 2025 Budget" from March 2024, which allocated $89.6 million to procure additional units for the Checkpoint Property Screening System. Furthermore, the expansion of the air logistics sector creates a parallel stream of demand; according to the International Air Transport Association in October 2024, global air cargo demand rose by 11.4% in August 2024 compared to the previous year, compelling operators to scale infrastructure to ensure commerce velocity does not compromise safety protocols.

Market Challenge

A substantial barrier facing the Global Explosive Trace Detection Market is the operational trade-off between detection sensitivity and throughput speed. When trace detectors generate high rates of false alarms, security checkpoints suffer from frequent stoppages required for secondary screening. This necessity for manual intervention increases labor costs and significantly slows down passenger processing times. Consequently, facility operators often postpone upgrading to newer models, fearing that increased detection capabilities will come at the expense of operational speed and efficiency.

This reluctance is particularly acute given the immense pressure on airport infrastructure to accommodate rising traveler volumes. According to Airports Council International in 2024, global passenger traffic is projected to reach 9.7 billion, surpassing 2019 levels. With such high throughput requirements, airports cannot afford the congestion caused by sensitive equipment prone to false positives. As a result, the inability to balance precise detection with rapid clearance times directly discourages procurement, thereby limiting the market expansion of trace detection systems in high-traffic environments.

Market Trends

The integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning is reshaping the Global Explosive Trace Detection Market by addressing the critical balance between sensitivity and operational speed. Advanced algorithms are now being deployed to analyze spectrometric data with greater precision, distinguishing actual explosive markers from benign interferents more effectively than traditional rule-based software. This technological advancement reduces the frequency of false positives that cause checkpoint bottlenecks, thereby enhancing overall security throughput without compromising detection standards. The industry's commitment to this digital transformation is evident in SITA's "2024 Air Transport IT Insights" report from February 2025, which indicates that 81% of airlines have prioritized the implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning for threat detection to optimize their security operations.

Simultaneously, the miniaturization of detectors to enhance portability is driving market adoption beyond fixed checkpoints, enabling flexible screening in dynamic environments such as air cargo facilities and mass transit hubs. Manufacturers are increasingly utilizing high-pressure mass spectrometry and non-radioactive ionization sources to engineer handheld units that deliver accurate analysis in the field. This capability allows security personnel to bring detection directly to suspicious items or freight rather than transporting them to a central screening location, thus streamlining workflows in high-volume settings. This demand for mobile solutions is reflected in financial performance; according to 908 Devices Inc.'s March 2025 "Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Financial Results," revenue from handheld detection devices increased by 22% year-over-year to $46.1 million in 2024.

Key Market Players

• Analogic Corporation
• Autoclear LLC
• Bruker Corporation
• Leidos, Inc
• OSI Systems, Inc
• Smiths Detection Group Ltd
• Teledyne Technologies Incorporated
• DetectaChem, Inc.
• RS DYNAMICS LLC
• Morphix Technologies

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Explosive Trace Detection Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Explosive Trace Detection Market, By Product

• Handheld
• Portable/Movable
• Fixed

Explosive Trace Detection Market, By Technology

• Chemiluminescence
• Thermo-redox
• Amplifying fluorescent polymer
• Mass spectrometry
• Ion mobility spectrometry
• Colorimetrics automated colorimetric

Explosive Trace Detection Market, By End Use

• Commercial
• Defense
• Others

Explosive Trace Detection Market, By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Spain
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • South Korea
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Explosive Trace Detection Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Explosive Trace Detection Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Product (Handheld, Portable/Movable, Fixed)
  • 5.2.2. By Technology (Chemiluminescence, Thermo-redox, Amplifying fluorescent polymer, Mass spectrometry, Ion mobility spectrometry, Colorimetrics automated colorimetric)
  • 5.2.3. By End Use (Commercial, Defense, Others)
  • 5.2.4. By Region
  • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Product
  • 6.2.2. By Technology
  • 6.2.3. By End Use
  • 6.2.4. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Technology
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By End Use
  • 6.3.2. Canada Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Technology
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By End Use
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Technology
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By End Use

7. Europe Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Product
  • 7.2.2. By Technology
  • 7.2.3. By End Use
  • 7.2.4. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Technology
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By End Use
  • 7.3.2. France Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Technology
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By End Use
  • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Technology
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By End Use
  • 7.3.4. Italy Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Technology
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By End Use
  • 7.3.5. Spain Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Product
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Technology
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By End Use

8. Asia Pacific Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Product
  • 8.2.2. By Technology
  • 8.2.3. By End Use
  • 8.2.4. By Country
• 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Technology
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By End Use
  • 8.3.2. India Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Technology
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By End Use
  • 8.3.3. Japan Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Technology
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By End Use
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Technology
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By End Use
  • 8.3.5. Australia Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Product
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Technology
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By End Use

9. Middle East & Africa Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Product
  • 9.2.2. By Technology
  • 9.2.3. By End Use
  • 9.2.4. By Country
• 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Technology
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By End Use
  • 9.3.2. UAE Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Technology
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By End Use
  • 9.3.3. South Africa Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Technology
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By End Use

10. South America Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Product
  • 10.2.2. By Technology
  • 10.2.3. By End Use
  • 10.2.4. By Country
• 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. Brazil Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Product
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Technology
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By End Use
  • 10.3.2. Colombia Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Product
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Technology
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By End Use
  • 10.3.3. Argentina Explosive Trace Detection Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Product
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Technology
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By End Use

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
• 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
• 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Explosive Trace Detection Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

• 15.1. Analogic Corporation
  • 15.1.1. Business Overview
  • 15.1.2. Products & Services
  • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
  • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
  • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
• 15.2. Autoclear LLC
• 15.3. Bruker Corporation
• 15.4. Leidos, Inc
• 15.5. OSI Systems, Inc
• 15.6. Smiths Detection Group Ltd
• 15.7. Teledyne Technologies Incorporated
• 15.8. DetectaChem, Inc.
• 15.9. RS DYNAMICS LLC
• 15.10. Morphix Technologies

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer