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市場調查報告書
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1970914

牙科口內光刺激磷光體市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會、預測：按類型、最終用戶、地區和競爭格局分類，2021-2031年

Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Type, By End User, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F
出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 182 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

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簡介目錄

全球牙科口內光刺激磷光體體系統市場預計將從 2025 年的 681.9 億美元成長到 2031 年的 979.9 億美元，複合年成長率為 6.23%。

這些系統採用可重複使用的軟性成像板，這些成像板能夠吸收X光能量，然後由專用掃描器進行數位化，用於臨床診斷。該市場的主要促進因素是其成本效益，使牙科專業人員無需像有線感測器那樣進行高額的初始投資即可數位化成像。此外，磷光體板與傳統膠片在物理特性上的相似性提高了患者的舒適度，並有助於習慣於模擬方法的牙科工作人員順利過渡。

市場概覽
預測期 2027-2031
市場規模：2025年 681.9億美元
市場規模：2031年 979.9億美元
複合年成長率：2026-2031年 6.23%
成長最快的細分市場 掃描器
最大的市場 北美洲

然而，阻礙市場成長的主要障礙在於與固體感測器相比，其工作流程效率低。固體感測器無需單獨的掃描過程，即可即時成像。這種處理延遲可能會阻礙繁忙的臨床環境採用這種技術，因為快速診斷對於維持患者就診流程至關重要。儘管面臨即時成像技術的競爭，但整體臨床需求仍推動著診斷成像工具的使用。例如，英國牙科協會 (BDA) 報告稱，2024 年的治療療程比前上年度增加了 130 萬個，凸顯了對基礎診斷資源的持續需求。

市場促進因素

全球牙科疾病（齲病和牙周病）的增加是牙科光刺激磷光體系統市場的主要驅動力。隨著全球口腔健康問題負擔的加重，頻繁、準確且經濟的診斷影像對於成功的治療策略至關重要。光刺激磷光體（PSP）系統在處理如此龐大的臨床病例量方面具有顯著的診斷價值，尤其是在識別需要修復治療的病變方面。根據世界衛生組織（WHO）2025年3月發布的《口腔健康》概況介紹，全球約有37億人患有口腔疾病，凸顯了需要定期進行X光檢查和治療的患者數量龐大。

同時，對更高效的臨床工作流程和減少化學處理的需求正在推動繁忙的牙科診所採用該系統。 PSP技術無需有線感測器的嚴格定位限制，即可實現從類比膠片到數位效率的過渡，有效支援高患者量。這種操作柔軟性對於醫療保健系統應對不斷成長的治療量至關重要。根據英國國家醫療服務體系（NHS）英格蘭分部於2025年6月發布的《英格蘭NHS牙科護理》報告，2023/24會計年度共進行了3410萬次牙科治療，凸顯了牙科服務在維持高效診斷流程方面面臨的壓力。此外，市場穩定性也推動了對該設備的投資。美國牙科協會（ADA）在2025年8月報告稱，消費者在醫療費用支出同比成長了4%，表明牙科服務將繼續獲得財政支持。

市場挑戰

光刺激磷光體體工作流程的低效率運作是阻礙因素。與可即時成像的固體感測器不同，磷光體系統需要二次掃描。在進行診斷之前，必須將磷光體板物理取出並進行數位化處理。這個多步驟流程會顯著延遲臨床工作流程，造成瓶頸，阻礙病患快速週轉。在診療量大、床邊時間至關重要的醫療環境中，這些掃描中斷的累積影響會降低整體效率，並削弱該技術相對於即時成像方案的吸引力。

牙科行業持續的勞動力短缺加劇了這一弊端。根據美國牙醫協會 (ADA) 2024 年的報告，勞動力短缺被認為是牙科診所面臨的最大挑戰，全年都難以招募到牙科助理。在人手不足的情況下，手動處理影像板成為一項沉重的負擔。因此，對於那些希望在人力資源有限的情況下提高效率的從業人員而言，需要耗費大量人力進行掃描工作顯然成為推廣新技術的一大障礙。

市場趨勢

人工智慧驅動的自動化診斷技術的整合正在改變全球牙科口內光刺激磷光體體系統市場，提升可重複使用成像板的臨床價值。先進的軟體演算法能夠將自動病理檢測功能疊加到掃描的PSP影像上，從而實現分析標準化，並識別以往容易被忽略的細微病變。這項技術進步使硬體的功能超越了單純的影像擷取，加速了其在診斷準確性至關重要的診所中的應用。為了展示這些進步帶來的營運效益，Planet DDS於2025年3月發布的《2025年牙科行業展望》報告分析了超過2200家診所，發現約60%的診所在現有診療流程中提高了效率。這凸顯了實施先進數位化工作流程所帶來的經濟效益。

同時，向基於雲端的影像管理和共用解決方案的轉變正在推動市場發展，因為它消除了影像擷取中小型資料庫的限制。這一趨勢使得使用PSP系統的多站點機構能夠即時集中管理X光數據，從而支援專家進行遠端診斷，並減輕與複雜現場伺服器相關的IT負擔。這種連接性使得數位化螢光影像能夠透過安全網路輕鬆存取，從而支援擴充性的協作式診療模式。為了反映這一產業向互聯生態系統發展的強勁趨勢，登士柏西諾德公司在其2025年4月發布的2024年度報告中指出，自其雲端原生平台推出以來，已新增85項功能，這表明公司持續投資擴展其數位化牙科基礎設施。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章：調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶心聲

第5章：全球牙科口內光刺激磷光體市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
    • 按金額
  • 市佔率及預測
    • 按類型（掃描器、配件）
    • 按最終使用者（個體執業者、DSO集團執業者、其他）
    • 按地區
    • 按公司（2025 年）
  • 市場地圖

第6章：北美牙科口內光刺激磷光體市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 北美洲：國別分析
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第7章：歐洲牙科和口腔光刺激磷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 歐洲：國別分析
    • 德國
    • 法國
    • 英國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙

第8章：亞太地區牙科口內光刺激磷的市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 亞太地區：國別分析
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 澳洲

第9章：中東和非洲牙科及口腔內光刺激磷的市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 中東與非洲：國別分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 南非

第10章：南美洲牙科口內光刺激磷市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 南美洲：國別分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥倫比亞
    • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

  • 促進因素
  • 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

  • 併購
  • 產品發布
  • 近期趨勢

第13章：全球牙科口內光刺激磷光體市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

  • 產業競爭
  • 新進入者的潛力
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 顧客權力
  • 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

  • Dentsply Sirona Inc.
  • Carestream Dental LLC
  • Vatech Co., Ltd.
  • Planmeca Group
  • Acteon Group
  • DIGIRAY.Corp.
  • Trident Srl
  • UNICORN DenMart Ltd
  • Air Techniques, Inc.
  • Owandy Radiology

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

簡介目錄
Product Code: 27225

The Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market is projected to expand from USD 68.19 Billion in 2025 to USD 97.99 Billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 6.23%. These systems employ flexible, reusable imaging plates that absorb X-ray energy, which is later digitized by a dedicated scanner for clinical review. A primary factor driving this market is cost-effectiveness, enabling dental practitioners to implement digital imaging capabilities without the high upfront investment associated with direct wired sensors. Additionally, the physical resemblance of phosphor plates to conventional film improves patient comfort and facilitates a smoother operational shift for dental staff accustomed to analog methods.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 68.19 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 97.99 Billion
CAGR 2026-20316.23%
Fastest Growing SegmentScanner
Largest MarketNorth America

However, a major obstacle hindering market growth is the workflow inefficiency relative to solid-state sensors, which deliver instant images without requiring a separate scanning step. This processing lag can discourage adoption in busy practices where rapid diagnostics are essential for maintaining patient flow. Despite competition from instant technologies, overall clinical demand continues to drive the usage of diagnostic imaging tools. For instance, the British Dental Association reported in 2024 that an additional 1.3 million treatment courses were administered compared to the previous year, highlighting the sustained necessity for fundamental diagnostic resources.

Market Driver

The increasing global incidence of dental caries and periodontal diseases serves as the primary catalyst for the Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market. As the burden of oral health issues escalates worldwide, the requirement for frequent, precise, and affordable diagnostic imaging becomes essential for successful treatment strategies. Photostimulable phosphor (PSP) systems provide significant diagnostic value in handling this clinical volume, especially for identifying pathologies necessitating restorative care. According to the World Health Organization's 'Oral Health' fact sheet from March 2025, oral diseases affect approximately 3.7 billion individuals globally, emphasizing the vast scale of patients needing regular radiographic assessment and care.

Concurrently, the push for enhanced clinical workflows and the removal of chemical processing encourages the uptake of these systems in busy dental settings. PSP technology enables clinics to upgrade from analog film to digital efficiency without the rigid positioning limitations of wired sensors, effectively supporting high patient volumes. This operational flexibility is vital for healthcare structures dealing with rising treatment numbers. As noted in the 'NHS Dentistry in England' report by NHS England in June 2025, 34.1 million dental treatment courses were conducted in the 2023/24 fiscal year, highlighting the pressure on dental services to uphold efficient diagnostic processes. Furthermore, market stability encourages this equipment investment; the American Dental Association reported in August 2025 that consumer dental spending rose by 4% since the start of the year, signaling continued financial support for dental services.

Market Challenge

The operational inefficiency associated with photostimulable phosphor workflows acts as a notable constraint on market expansion. In contrast to solid-state sensors that produce immediate images, phosphor systems necessitate a secondary scanning step where plates must be physically removed and digitized before a diagnosis is possible. This multi-stage process creates a tangible delay in the clinical workflow, resulting in bottlenecks that impede rapid patient turnover. In high-volume environments where chairside time is a critical financial factor, the cumulative impact of these scanning pauses lowers overall productivity and makes the technology less appealing than instant-read options.

This drawback is further exacerbated by ongoing workforce limitations within the dental sector. According to the American Dental Association in 2024, staffing shortages were cited as a top challenge for dental practices, with persistent difficulties in recruiting dental assistants throughout the year. As clinics function with reduced staff, the administrative task of manually processing imaging plates evolves into a significant liability. Consequently, the requirement for labor-intensive scanning explicitly deters adoption among practitioners aiming to optimize operational throughput with limited personnel resources.

Market Trends

The integration of Artificial Intelligence for automated diagnostics is transforming the Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market by enhancing the clinical value of reusable imaging plates. Advanced software algorithms can now overlay automated pathology detection on scanned PSP images, standardizing analysis and pinpointing subtle lesions that might otherwise go unnoticed. This technological enhancement pushes the hardware beyond basic image capture, promoting adoption among practices that value diagnostic accuracy. Demonstrating the operational benefits of such advancements, the '2025 Dental Industry Outlook' report by Planet DDS in March 2025 analyzed over 2,200 practices and found that roughly 60% realized same-store production growth, highlighting the financial effectiveness of adopting sophisticated digital workflows.

At the same time, the shift toward Cloud-Based Image Management and Sharing Solutions is driving market progress by removing local storage limitations from image capture. This trend allows multi-site facilities utilizing PSP systems to centralize radiographic data instantly, enabling remote specialist reviews and reducing IT burdens associated with complex on-site servers. This connectivity ensures that digitized phosphor images are readily available across secure networks, supporting scalable and collaborative care models. Reflecting the industry's strong move toward these connected ecosystems, Dentsply Sirona's '2024 Annual Report' from April 2025 noted the launch of 85 new capabilities on its cloud-native platform since its debut, showing continued investment in broadening digital dental infrastructure.

Key Market Players

  • Dentsply Sirona Inc.
  • Carestream Dental LLC
  • Vatech Co., Ltd.
  • Planmeca Group
  • Acteon Group
  • DIGIRAY.Corp.
  • Trident Srl
  • UNICORN DenMart Ltd
  • Air Techniques, Inc.
  • Owandy Radiology

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market, By Type

  • Scanner
  • Accessories

Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market, By End User

  • Solo Practices
  • DSO Group practices
  • Others

Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Type (Scanner, Accessories)
    • 5.2.2. By End User (Solo Practices, DSO Group practices, Others)
    • 5.2.3. By Region
    • 5.2.4. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Type
    • 6.2.2. By End User
    • 6.2.3. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By End User
    • 6.3.2. Canada Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By End User
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By End User

7. Europe Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Type
    • 7.2.2. By End User
    • 7.2.3. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By End User
    • 7.3.2. France Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By End User
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By End User
    • 7.3.4. Italy Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By End User
    • 7.3.5. Spain Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By End User

8. Asia Pacific Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Type
    • 8.2.2. By End User
    • 8.2.3. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By End User
    • 8.3.2. India Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By End User
    • 8.3.3. Japan Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By End User
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By End User
    • 8.3.5. Australia Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By End User

9. Middle East & Africa Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Type
    • 9.2.2. By End User
    • 9.2.3. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By End User
    • 9.3.2. UAE Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By End User
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By End User

10. South America Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Type
    • 10.2.2. By End User
    • 10.2.3. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By End User
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By End User
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By End User

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Dental Intraoral Photostimulable Phosphor Systems Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Dentsply Sirona Inc.
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Carestream Dental LLC
  • 15.3. Vatech Co., Ltd.
  • 15.4. Planmeca Group
  • 15.5. Acteon Group
  • 15.6. DIGIRAY.Corp.
  • 15.7. Trident Srl
  • 15.8. UNICORN DenMart Ltd
  • 15.9. Air Techniques, Inc.
  • 15.10. Owandy Radiology

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer