訂製鞋市場－全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會和預測：按類型、材料、分銷管道、地區和競爭格局分類，2021-2031年

全球訂製鞋市場預計將從 2025 年的 61.1 億美元成長到 2031 年的 121.8 億美元，複合年成長率達到 12.18%。

該行業涵蓋根據個人獨特的解剖結構、美學偏好或功能需求而專門製造或改造的鞋類。推動該市場成長的關鍵因素包括：需要整形外科干預的足部疾病病例日益增多，以及消費者越來越傾向於選擇比標準零售商品更舒適的個人化產品。正如APICCAPS發布的《2025年世界鞋類年鑑》所指出的，2024年全球鞋類產量成長了6.9%，達到239億雙。這使得客製化製造等細分市場得以規模化發展，從而建立了強大的產業基礎，以滿足特殊需求。

另一方面，限制整體市場成長的主要障礙是高昂的營運成本和複雜的物流流程。與大規模生產不同，定製鞋依賴精確的數據收集和單件生產，導致前置作業時間更長、零售價格更高。這種成本結構限制了價格敏感型消費者的購買管道，也使得製造商無法實現與傳統鞋類生產相當的規模經濟效益。

市場促進因素

3D列印和積層製造技術的突破正在從根本上改變全球定製鞋市場，它們無需昂貴的模具，即可實現精準的單件生產。這些創新技術能夠創造複雜的晶格結構，根據生物特徵資料提供個人化的緩衝和支撐，達到傳統射出成型無法企及的客製化程度。例如，在2024年6月一篇題為《Zellerfeld發布創新型3D列印鞋平台》的報導中，《福布斯》報道稱，該公司推出了一個開放平台，無需傳統的工廠模具，設計師即可將客製化的3D列印鞋推向市場。這種製造方式的普及化縮短了前置作業時間，降低了營運成本，有效消除了阻礙定製鞋品牌擴充性的物流障礙。

同時，足部疾病和整形外科疾病的發病率上升加速了對醫用專業鞋履解決方案的需求。隨著全球慢性病發病率的上升，人們對能夠分散壓力、預防潰瘍和矯正足部畸形的鞋子的需求，使得定製鞋履從奢侈品轉變為健康必需品。根據國際糖尿病聯盟（IDF）預測，到2024年，全球20至79歲的成年人中將有約5.89億人患有糖尿病，這群人迫切需要適當的足部護理以避免嚴重的併發症。這種迫切的醫療需求正在為眾多產業創造巨大的價值。作為參考，根據鞋類零售商協會（FDRA）的數據，2024年美國消費者在鞋類上的年度支出將達到1,137億美元。

市場挑戰

定製鞋履固有的高昂營運成本和複雜的物流從根本上限制了其市場覆蓋更廣泛消費群體的能力。與受益於自動化和高效大規模生產的批量生產不同，定製鞋履需要勞動密集型流程，例如精確的數據收集、數位化建模和針對每份訂單的手工精細加工。這些要求顯著延長了生產週期並推高了單位成本，迫使製造商設定高價，從而疏遠了對價格敏感的消費者。因此，定製鞋履市場仍然局限於奢侈品和醫療領域，阻礙了其在全球範圍內廣泛普及，而這對於其全球擴張至關重要。

此外，這種對客製化生產方式的依賴限制了規模經濟，使生產商更容易受到傳統競爭對手所不具備的效率低下影響。該行業的特點是營運分散，缺乏基礎設施來隨著產量的增加而相應提高成本。例如，根據美國鞋類批發商和零售商協會的數據，截至2024年，美國55.8%的鞋廠員工人數不到10人。這項數據凸顯了國內製造業的分散結構，這種結構通常用於專業化生產，並表明缺乏一體化的工業產能如何阻礙了該行業精簡供應鏈和降低營運成本的能力。因此，產能與潛在的大眾市場需求之間的差距仍然是限制成長的一大障礙。

市場趨勢

在日益嚴格的環境法規和消費者對循環產品需求的推動下，使用永續和可生物分解的定製材料正成為行業發展的關鍵趨勢。與依賴原生合成材料並產生大量廢料的傳統客製化生產不同，這一趨勢著重於將負責任採購的原料（例如再生纖維和生物基聚合物）整合到客製化供應鏈中。這種轉變使品牌能夠提供符合環保理念的個人化鞋履，同時減少單件生產帶來的碳足跡。例如，阿迪達斯在2025年3月發布的2024年度報告中指出，其全線產品中再生聚酯纖維的使用率達到了99%，從而建立了一個永續材料融入高性能定製鞋履的可擴展模式。

限量版聯名系列設計的激增，正透過去中心化平台，使鞋履創作民主化，進而重塑市場動態。這一趨勢超越了簡單的顏色變化，使獨立藝術家和意見領袖能夠快速推出完全客製化的小批量系列，而無需傳統大規模生產所需的巨額資金。這些平台利用開放的設計生態系統，持續推出由創作者主導的限量版產品，滿足高度特定的美感需求，並透過稀缺性提升消費者參與。報導VoxelMatters 2025 年 7 月刊報道《Solebox 將 Zellerfeld 的 3D 列印鞋款引入店面銷售》，Zellerfeld 平台已成功發展到擁有 300 多位設計師提交作品的規模，這充分展現了協力網路在推動定製鞋履多元化方面的強大能力。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章：調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶心聲

第5章：全球訂製鞋市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
  • 按金額
• 市佔率及預測
  • 依類型（運動鞋、普通鞋、安全鞋、正裝鞋、休閒鞋、其他）
  • 依材質分類（皮革、合成材質、橡膠、紡織品、其他）
  • 分銷通路（線上、線下）
  • 按地區
  • 按公司（2025 年）
• 市場地圖

第6章：北美訂製鞋市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 北美洲：國別分析
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

第7章：歐洲訂製鞋市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 歐洲：國別分析
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 英國
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙

第8章：亞太地區訂製鞋市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 亞太地區：國別分析
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韓國
  • 澳洲

第9章：中東和非洲訂製鞋市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 中東與非洲：國別分析
  • 沙烏地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
  • 南非

第10章：南美洲訂製鞋市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 南美洲：國別分析
  • 巴西
  • 哥倫比亞
  • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

• 促進因素
• 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

• 併購
• 產品發布
• 近期趨勢

第13章：全球訂製鞋市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

• 產業競爭
• 新進入者的潛力
• 供應商的議價能力
• 顧客權力
• 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

• Red Wing Shoe Company, Inc.
• Ariat International, Inc.
• Justin Brands, Inc.
• VF Corporation
• Weinbrenner Shoe Company, Inc.
• Genesco Inc.
• Dr. Martens AirWair USA LLC
• Wolverine World Wide, Inc.
• Rocky Brands, Inc.
• The ALDO Group Inc.

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

The Global Custom Shoes Market is projected to expand from USD 6.11 Billion in 2025 to USD 12.18 Billion by 2031, achieving a CAGR of 12.18%. This sector encompasses footwear that is specifically manufactured or modified to match an individual's unique anatomical measurements, aesthetic desires, or functional needs. The primary drivers fueling this market's growth include the rising prevalence of foot-related pathologies requiring orthopedic intervention and a growing consumer shift toward personalized products that provide superior comfort compared to standard retail offerings. As noted in the 'World Footwear Yearbook 2025' by APICCAPS, global footwear production rose by 6.9% in 2024 to reach 23.9 billion pairs, creating a solid industrial foundation for niche segments like bespoke manufacturing to scale and satisfy specialized demand.

Conversely, a significant hurdle restricting broader market growth is the elevated operational cost and logistical complexity associated with individualized production. Unlike mass-market manufacturing, custom footwear depends on precise data collection and single-unit fabrication, resulting in extended lead times and higher retail pricing. This cost structure limits accessibility for price-sensitive consumer segments and prevents manufacturers from realizing economies of scale comparable to traditional footwear production.

Market Driver

Technological breakthroughs in 3D printing and additive manufacturing are fundamentally transforming the Global Custom Shoes Market by removing the need for costly molds and enabling precise, single-unit fabrication. These innovations facilitate the creation of complex lattice structures that provide personalized cushioning and support derived from biometric data, a level of customization previously impossible with traditional injection molding. For instance, Forbes reported in June 2024 in the 'Zellerfeld Launches Revolutionary 3D-Printing Footwear Platform' article that the company introduced an open platform allowing designers to bring custom-fitted 3D-printed shoes to market without needing traditional factory tooling. This democratization of manufacturing reduces lead times and operational costs, effectively eliminating the logistical barriers that historically hindered the scalability of bespoke footwear brands.

Simultaneously, the increasing incidence of foot disorders and orthopedic conditions is accelerating the need for medically tailored footwear solutions. As chronic conditions rise globally, the demand for footwear designed to offload pressure, prevent ulcers, and accommodate deformities has shifted custom shoes from a luxury item to a health necessity. According to the International Diabetes Federation, approximately 589 million adults aged 20-79 lived with diabetes worldwide in 2024, a demographic heavily reliant on proper foot care to avoid severe complications. This urgent medical need generates substantial value within a vast wider industry; for context, the Footwear Distributors and Retailers of America (FDRA) noted that annual U.S. consumer spending on footwear reached $113.7 billion in 2024.

Market Challenge

The high operational costs and logistical intricacies inherent in individualized footwear production fundamentally restrict the market's ability to capture a wider consumer base. Unlike mass manufacturing, which benefits from automated, high-volume output, custom shoemaking necessitates labor-intensive processes such as precise data capture, digital modeling, and manual finishing for single-unit orders. These requirements significantly lengthen production cycles and inflate the cost per unit, compelling manufacturers to set premium retail prices that alienate price-sensitive demographics. Consequently, the market remains confined to a luxury or medical niche, preventing the widespread adoption necessary for substantial global expansion.

Furthermore, this reliance on bespoke fabrication methods limits the potential for economies of scale, leaving producers vulnerable to inefficiencies that do not affect traditional competitors. The sector is characterized by fragmented operations that lack the infrastructure to ramp up output without a corresponding linear increase in costs. For instance, according to the 'Footwear Distributors and Retailers of America', in '2024', '55.8% of U.S. footwear factories operated with fewer than 10 workers'. This statistic highlights the atomized structure of domestic manufacturing often utilized for specialized production, demonstrating how the lack of consolidated industrial capacity hampers the sector's ability to streamline supply chains and reduce overheads. As a result, the gap between production capacity and potential mass-market demand remains a persistent obstacle to growth.

Market Trends

The utilization of sustainable and biodegradable customization materials is emerging as a critical evolution in the sector, driven by intensifying environmental regulations and consumer demand for circular products. Unlike traditional bespoke manufacturing, which often relies on virgin synthetics and generates significant cut-off waste, this trend focuses on integrating responsibly sourced inputs such as recycled textiles and bio-based polymers into the customization supply chain. This shift allows brands to offer personalized footwear that aligns with eco-conscious values while mitigating the carbon footprint associated with single-unit production. For instance, according to Adidas, March 2025, in the 'Annual Report 2024', the company achieved a 99% usage rate of recycled polyester across its product lines, establishing a scalable model for integrating sustainable materials into high-performance, customized footwear offerings.

The proliferation of limited-edition collaborative design capsules is simultaneously reshaping market dynamics by leveraging decentralized platforms to democratize footwear creation. This trend moves beyond simple colorway selection, enabling independent artists and influencers to launch fully bespoke, small-batch collections rapidly without the prohibitive capital requirements of traditional mass manufacturing. By utilizing open-access design ecosystems, these platforms facilitate a continuous stream of exclusive, creator-led drops that cater to hyper-specific aesthetic niches and drive consumer engagement through scarcity. According to VoxelMatters, July 2025, in the 'Solebox to offer Zellerfeld 3D printed shoes in-store' article, the Zellerfeld platform has successfully scaled to support over 300 designers submitting unique designs, demonstrating the expanding capacity of collaborative networks to diversify the custom footwear landscape.

Key Market Players

• Red Wing Shoe Company, Inc.
• Ariat International, Inc.
• Justin Brands, Inc.
• VF Corporation
• Weinbrenner Shoe Company, Inc.
• Genesco Inc.
• Dr. Martens AirWair USA LLC
• Wolverine World Wide, Inc.
• Rocky Brands, Inc.
• The ALDO Group Inc.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Custom Shoes Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Custom Shoes Market, By Type

• Athletic
• Non-athletic
• Safety
• Formal
• Casual
• Others

Custom Shoes Market, By Material

• Leather
• Synthetics
• Rubber
• Textile
• Others

Custom Shoes Market, By Distribution Channel

• Online
• Offline

Custom Shoes Market, By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Spain
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • South Korea
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Custom Shoes Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Custom Shoes Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Custom Shoes Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Type (Athletic, Non-athletic, Safety, Formal, Casual, Others)
  • 5.2.2. By Material (Leather, Synthetics, Rubber, Textile, Others)
  • 5.2.3. By Distribution Channel (Online, Offline)
  • 5.2.4. By Region
  • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Custom Shoes Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Type
  • 6.2.2. By Material
  • 6.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 6.2.4. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Material
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 6.3.2. Canada Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Material
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Material
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By Distribution Channel

7. Europe Custom Shoes Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Type
  • 7.2.2. By Material
  • 7.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.2.4. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Material
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.2. France Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Material
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Material
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.4. Italy Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Material
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 7.3.5. Spain Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Material
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By Distribution Channel

8. Asia Pacific Custom Shoes Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Type
  • 8.2.2. By Material
  • 8.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.2.4. By Country
• 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Material
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.2. India Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Material
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.3. Japan Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Material
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Material
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 8.3.5. Australia Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Material
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By Distribution Channel

9. Middle East & Africa Custom Shoes Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Type
  • 9.2.2. By Material
  • 9.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 9.2.4. By Country
• 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Material
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 9.3.2. UAE Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Material
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 9.3.3. South Africa Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Material
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By Distribution Channel

10. South America Custom Shoes Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Type
  • 10.2.2. By Material
  • 10.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 10.2.4. By Country
• 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. Brazil Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Material
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 10.3.2. Colombia Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Material
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By Distribution Channel
  • 10.3.3. Argentina Custom Shoes Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Material
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By Distribution Channel

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
• 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
• 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Custom Shoes Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

• 15.1. Red Wing Shoe Company, Inc.
  • 15.1.1. Business Overview
  • 15.1.2. Products & Services
  • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
  • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
  • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
• 15.2. Ariat International, Inc.
• 15.3. Justin Brands, Inc.
• 15.4. VF Corporation
• 15.5. Weinbrenner Shoe Company, Inc.
• 15.6. Genesco Inc.
• 15.7. Dr. Martens AirWair USA LLC
• 15.8. Wolverine World Wide, Inc.
• 15.9. Rocky Brands, Inc.
• 15.10. The ALDO Group Inc.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer