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市場調查報告書
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1957173

汽車壓鑄市場－全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會、預測：按生產類型、原料、應用、地區和競爭格局分類，2021-2031年

Automotive Parts Die Casting Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Production Type, By Raw Material, By Application, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F
出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 180 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

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簡介目錄

全球汽車壓鑄市場預計將從 2025 年的 684.6 億美元成長到 2031 年的 978.8 億美元，複合年成長率為 6.14%。

這種製造流程是將熔融金屬（通常是鎂或鋁）在高壓下注入可重複使用的鋼模中，從而生產出精密、高可靠性的零件，例如變速箱殼體、引擎缸體和底盤結構零件。市場的主要驅動力是汽車行業為提高燃油效率和延長電動車續航里程而推動的車輛減重，以及透過將多個零件整合到單一壓鑄件中來提高生產效率。然而，購買專用機械和模具所需的大量資本投入可能會成為市場准入壁壘，阻礙市場擴張。

市場概覽
預測期 2027-2031
市場規模：2025年 684.6億美元
市場規模：2031年 978.8億美元
複合年成長率：2026-2031年 6.14%
成長最快的細分市場 鋁
最大的市場 亞太地區

根據中國鑄造協會預測，到2025年，汽車業仍將是鑄件的主要消費產業，佔去年中國鑄件總產量5,075萬噸的29.7%。如此巨大的需求量表明，汽車供應鏈高度依賴鑄造技術來滿足大規模生產的需求。

市場促進因素

對於複雜的單體零件而言，一體式壓鑄製程的興起正在從根本上改變製造業格局。製造商正加速採用高壓「超級鑄造」技術，以單一、高度完整的鋁結構取代多個焊接組裝。這項創新技術顯著提升了結構剛性，同時減輕了車輛重量並縮短了組裝時間，從而實現了供應鏈整合並大幅降低了生產成本。例如，在2023年12月的「小米電動車技術發表會」上，小米公司發布了其自主研發的T9100壓鑄叢集，成功地將72個不同的沖壓焊接後底盤零件整合到一個壓鑄件中。這表明，超級鑄造正成為汽車生產中保持競爭力的關鍵技術。

同時，電動車製造業的快速成長正成為市場擴張的主要催化劑，汽車製造商尋求輕量化的鋁鎂合金壓鑄件，例如馬達外殼和電池外殼，以抵消電池組重量的增加。正如國際能源總署（IEA）在2024年4月發布的《2024年全球電動車展望》中所述，2023年全球電動車銷量達到約1,400萬輛，顯示對鑄件的訂單強勁。這種需求的激增反映在主要供應商的財務業績中；例如，Nemac在2024年2月發布的《2023年第四季及全年財務業績報告》中報告稱，全年銷售額達50億美元，這主要得益於結構件和電動汽車應用領域的成長。

市場挑戰

專用工具和機械所需的巨額資本投入是限制全球汽車壓鑄市場成長的主要阻礙因素。製造商必須投入大量資金購買高壓鑄設備和精密模具，才能確保穩定的收入來源。這造成了很高的市場准入門檻，阻礙了新進入者，並迫使現有企業謹慎管理財務，往往導致擴張計劃延期。

由於攤銷這些巨額固定成本需要龐大的生產規模，該產業不得不依賴大規模生產的穩定性，這使其極易受到經濟波動的影響，並確保只有擁有充足資金的公司才能維持營運。根據日本壓鑄協會的數據，預計到2024年，壓鑄產品的年總產量將達到906,801噸。如此龐大的規模意味著需要龐大的營運規模才能證明初始投資的合理性，這實際上限制了市場准入，只有擁有雄厚財力的現有製造商才能參與企業。

市場趨勢

隨著人們越來越關注循環經濟原則以減少生產過程中的碳足跡，再生「二次」鋁合金的開發和標準化正成為一項關鍵趨勢。製造商正在實施閉合迴路回收系統，從而能夠直接再利用廢料，並將高品質的再生合金融入結構部件中，同時又不影響機械強度。這種轉變有助於降低原物料價格波動的風險，並有助於遵守全球排放法規。例如，喬治費歇爾公司於2024年4月發布的《2023年永續發展報告》就證明了此類循環策略的可行性。該報告指出，該公司鑄造部門上年度回收了其全球生產基地產生的86%的廢棄物。

同時，透過區域擴張和策略合作實現供應鏈本地化正在推進，市場地理分佈也在重組，以確保其能夠抵禦物流成本和地緣政治動盪的影響。隨著汽車製造商對電動車關鍵子系統的前置作業時間和「準時交貨」提出更高的要求，供應商正在北美和歐洲等關鍵地區建立生產基地。例如，2024年5月，北美壓鑄協會宣布， Ryobi壓鑄公司將投資5,000萬美元擴建位於墨西哥瓜納華託的工廠，並新增五台大型高壓壓鑄機，以滿足當地對電動車零件日益成長的需求。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章：調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶心聲

第5章：全球汽車壓鑄市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
    • 按金額
  • 市佔率及預測
    • 產品類型（壓鑄、真空壓鑄、擠壓壓鑄、半固體壓鑄）
    • 依原料（鋁、鋅、鎂等）
    • 依應用領域（車身組件、引擎零件、變速箱零件、其他）
    • 按地區
    • 按公司（2025 年）
  • 市場地圖

第6章：北美汽車壓鑄市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 北美洲：國別分析
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

第7章：歐洲汽車壓鑄市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 歐洲：國別分析
    • 德國
    • 法國
    • 英國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙

第8章：亞太地區汽車壓鑄市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 亞太地區：國別分析
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 澳洲

第9章：中東和非洲汽車壓鑄市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 中東與非洲：國別分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 南非

第10章：南美洲汽車壓鑄市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 南美洲：國別分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥倫比亞
    • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

  • 促進因素
  • 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

  • 併購
  • 產品發布
  • 近期趨勢

第13章：全球汽車壓鑄市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

  • 產業競爭
  • 新進入者的潛力
  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 顧客權力
  • 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

  • MK TRON HOLDINGS SDN BHD
  • Dynacast International Inc.
  • Endurance Technologies Limited
  • Kinetic Die-casting Company, Inc.
  • Ningbo Parison Die Casting Co. Ltd
  • Raltor Metaltechnik India Pvt. Ltd
  • Rockman Industries Ltd
  • Simmons International Ltd
  • BOLLHOFF FASTENINGS PVT. LTD.
  • Kurtz Holding GmbH & Co. Beteiligungs KG

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

簡介目錄
Product Code: 21867

The Global Automotive Parts Die Casting Market is projected to grow from USD 68.46 Billion in 2025 to USD 97.88 Billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 6.14%. This manufacturing process involves injecting molten metal, usually magnesium or aluminum, into reusable steel molds under high pressure to fabricate precise, high-integrity components like transmission housings, engine blocks, and structural chassis parts. The market is largely driven by the automotive industry's push for vehicle lightweighting to improve fuel efficiency and extend electric vehicle range, as well as the production efficiencies achieved by consolidating multiple parts into single die-cast components; however, the high capital investment required for specialized machinery and tooling creates a significant barrier to entry that may hinder market expansion.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 68.46 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 97.88 Billion
CAGR 2026-20316.14%
Fastest Growing SegmentAluminum
Largest MarketAsia Pacific

According to the China Foundry Association, the automotive sector remained the primary consumer of cast components in 2025, representing 29.7% of the total 50.75 million tons of casting output produced in China the previous year. This significant volume highlights the automotive supply chain's critical reliance on casting technologies to satisfy mass production requirements.

Market Driver

The transition toward integrated die casting for complex single-piece components is fundamentally transforming the manufacturing landscape, with manufacturers increasingly adopting high-pressure "gigacasting" technologies to replace multiple welded assemblies with singular, high-integrity aluminum structures. This innovation significantly enhances structural rigidity while reducing vehicle weight and assembly time, enabling supply chain consolidation and drastically lowering production costs; for example, during the 'Xiaomi EV Technology Launch' in December 2023, Xiaomi Corporation unveiled its proprietary T9100 die casting cluster, which successfully merged 72 distinct stamped and welded rear underbody components into a single die-cast part, demonstrating that mega-casting is becoming essential for competitive automotive production.

Simultaneously, the rapid growth of electric vehicle manufacturing serves as a major catalyst for market volume, as automakers seek lightweight aluminum and magnesium die-cast parts, such as e-motor casings and battery housings, to offset the heavy weight of battery packs. As noted in the International Energy Agency's 'Global EV Outlook 2024' released in April 2024, global electric car sales reached nearly 14 million in 2023, indicating a strong trajectory for casting component orders; this demand surge is reflected in the financial results of major suppliers, such as Nemak, which reported full-year revenues of US$5.0 billion in its 'Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Earnings Report' from February 2024, driven significantly by the adoption of its structural and e-mobility applications.

Market Challenge

The substantial capital investment needed for specialized tooling and machinery acts as a primary constraint on the growth of the Global Automotive Parts Die Casting Market. Manufacturers are required to commit significant financial resources to acquire high-pressure die casting units and precision molds prior to securing guaranteed revenue streams, creating a high barrier to entry that discourages potential newcomers and forces existing players to operate with extreme financial caution, often delaying expansion plans.

The need for massive throughput to amortize these heavy fixed costs compels the industry to rely on high-volume consistency, making it susceptible to economic fluctuations and allowing only well-capitalized entities to sustain operations. Data from the Japan Die Casting Association indicates that the total annual production of die castings reached 906,801 tons in 2024, a volume that demonstrates the immense operational scale required to justify initial expenditures, effectively restricting market participation to established manufacturers with deep financial reserves.

Market Trends

The development and standardization of recycled "secondary" aluminum alloys is emerging as a crucial trend as the industry increasingly focuses on circular economy principles to reduce production carbon footprints. Manufacturers are implementing closed-loop recycling systems that enable the direct reuse of scrap material and the integration of high-quality secondary alloys into structural components without compromising mechanical integrity, a shift that mitigates raw material price volatility and aligns with global emission regulations; for instance, Georg Fischer's 'Sustainability Report 2023' from April 2024 noted that its casting division recycled 86% of waste generated at global production sites the previous year, highlighting the viability of these circular strategies.

Concurrently, the localization of supply chains through regional expansion and strategic partnerships is reshaping the market's geographical footprint to ensure resilience against logistic costs and geopolitical disruptions. As automakers demand shorter lead times and "just-in-time" delivery for critical electric vehicle subsystems, suppliers are establishing production hubs in key regions like North America and Europe; illustrating this trend, the North American Die Casting Association reported in May 2024 that Ryobi Die Casting committed a US$50 million investment to expand its facility in Guanajuato, Mexico, adding five large high-pressure die casting machines to meet the surging local demand for electric vehicle components.

Key Market Players

  • MK TRON HOLDINGS SDN BHD
  • Dynacast International Inc.
  • Endurance Technologies Limited
  • Kinetic Die-casting Company, Inc.
  • Ningbo Parison Die Casting Co. Ltd
  • Raltor Metaltechnik India Pvt. Ltd
  • Rockman Industries Ltd
  • Simmons International Ltd
  • BOLLHOFF FASTENINGS PVT. LTD.
  • Kurtz Holding GmbH & Co. Beteiligungs KG

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Automotive Parts Die Casting Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Automotive Parts Die Casting Market, By Production Type

  • Pressure Die-Casting
  • Vacuum Die-Casting
  • Squeeze Die-Casting
  • Semi-Solid Die-Casting

Automotive Parts Die Casting Market, By Raw Material

  • Aluminum
  • Zinc
  • Magnesium
  • Others

Automotive Parts Die Casting Market, By Application

  • Body Assemblies
  • Engine Parts
  • Transmission Parts
  • Others

Automotive Parts Die Casting Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Automotive Parts Die Casting Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Automotive Parts Die Casting Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Production Type (Pressure Die-Casting, Vacuum Die-Casting, Squeeze Die-Casting, Semi-Solid Die-Casting)
    • 5.2.2. By Raw Material (Aluminum, Zinc, Magnesium, Others)
    • 5.2.3. By Application (Body Assemblies, Engine Parts, Transmission Parts, Others)
    • 5.2.4. By Region
    • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Production Type
    • 6.2.2. By Raw Material
    • 6.2.3. By Application
    • 6.2.4. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Production Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 6.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 6.3.2. Canada Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Production Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 6.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Production Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 6.3.3.2.3. By Application

7. Europe Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Production Type
    • 7.2.2. By Raw Material
    • 7.2.3. By Application
    • 7.2.4. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Production Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 7.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.2. France Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Production Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 7.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Production Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 7.3.3.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.4. Italy Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Production Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 7.3.4.2.3. By Application
    • 7.3.5. Spain Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Production Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 7.3.5.2.3. By Application

8. Asia Pacific Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Production Type
    • 8.2.2. By Raw Material
    • 8.2.3. By Application
    • 8.2.4. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Production Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 8.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.2. India Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Production Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 8.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.3. Japan Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Production Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 8.3.3.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Production Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 8.3.4.2.3. By Application
    • 8.3.5. Australia Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Production Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 8.3.5.2.3. By Application

9. Middle East & Africa Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Production Type
    • 9.2.2. By Raw Material
    • 9.2.3. By Application
    • 9.2.4. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Production Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 9.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 9.3.2. UAE Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Production Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 9.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Production Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 9.3.3.2.3. By Application

10. South America Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Production Type
    • 10.2.2. By Raw Material
    • 10.2.3. By Application
    • 10.2.4. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Production Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 10.3.1.2.3. By Application
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Production Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 10.3.2.2.3. By Application
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Automotive Parts Die Casting Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Production Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Raw Material
        • 10.3.3.2.3. By Application

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Automotive Parts Die Casting Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. MK TRON HOLDINGS SDN BHD
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Dynacast International Inc.
  • 15.3. Endurance Technologies Limited
  • 15.4. Kinetic Die-casting Company, Inc.
  • 15.5. Ningbo Parison Die Casting Co. Ltd
  • 15.6. Raltor Metaltechnik India Pvt. Ltd
  • 15.7. Rockman Industries Ltd
  • 15.8. Simmons International Ltd
  • 15.9. BOLLHOFF FASTENINGS PVT. LTD.
  • 15.10. Kurtz Holding GmbH & Co. Beteiligungs KG

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer