呼吸管路市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會及預測（按產品類型、應用、最終用戶、地區和競爭格局分類，2021-2031年）

全球呼吸管路市場預計將從 2025 年的 15.3 億美元成長到 2031 年的 19.1 億美元，複合年成長率為 3.77%。

這些醫用管路組件對於連接患者與麻醉機和人工呼吸器至關重要，能夠實現氣體輸送和二氧化碳排出。市場成長的主要驅動力是呼吸系統疾病發病率的上升以及需要麻醉的手術數量的增加。根據世界衛生組織 (WHO) 和歐洲呼吸學會的數據，到 2025 年，世衛組織歐洲區域將有 8,170 萬人受到慢性呼吸系統疾病的影響，凸顯了呼吸支持的重要性。此外，全球人口老化加劇了呼吸衰竭的風險，也持續推動對人工呼吸器解決方案的需求。

然而，一次性塑膠電路面臨諸多挑戰，包括其對環境的影響和處置成本。對醫療廢棄物日益嚴格的監管促使醫療機構尋求永續且經濟可行的替代方案。嚴格的感染控制要求與環境永續性目標之間的衝突，使得採購流程變得複雜。在預算有限的地區，感染風險管理與環境影響降低之間的權衡可能成為瓶頸，阻礙銷售量的成長。

市場促進因素

需要麻醉的外科手術數量不斷增加，是全球呼吸管路市場的主要驅動力。隨著醫療系統努力清理積壓病例並滿足老齡化人口的需求，全身麻醉手術的頻率不斷增加，直接導致呼吸管和麵罩的消耗量增加。來自不同國家的醫療保健數據都證實了這個成長趨勢。例如，根據澳洲健康與福利研究所 (AIHW) 2025 年 12 月發布的關於醫院擇期手術的報告，2024-2025 年公立醫院候診名單上的新增病患人數將達到 94 萬，比上年度增加 3.1%。不斷成長的手術需求需要可靠的呼吸道管理介面供應，以確保患者在手術全期護理期間的安全。

同時，為最大限度降低交叉感染風險並加強感染控制，一次性呼吸迴路的出現正在重塑市場格局。雖然可重複使用的呼吸迴路歷來很常見，但其消毒困難可能導致醫療相關感染（HAI）。世界衛生組織（WHO）在2025年5月發布的報告強調了這一風險，報告指出，在高所得國家，每100名住院患者中約有7人會感染至少一種HAI。這一重大的安全隱患迫使醫院採購一次性耗材，從而顯著提升了該細分市場的收入。費雪派克醫療保健公司（Fisher & Paykel Healthcare）報告稱，其醫院產品系列（包括呼吸和急診耗材）的收入將在2025年達到12.8億美元，比上一會計年度成長18%，這反映了強勁的需求。

市場挑戰

一次性塑膠呼吸管路的環境影響和處置成本是限制市場擴張的主要阻礙因素。隨著全球醫療保健系統面臨日益嚴格的環境法規，麻醉和呼吸護理中產生的塑膠廢棄物量正受到嚴格審查。雖然一次性迴路在感染控制方面有效，但它們會顯著增加不可生物分解的醫療廢棄物。這給醫院帶來了沉重的經濟負擔，因為處理和處置受監管的醫用塑膠的成本通常超過設備的初始購買價格。因此，採購部門被迫將資金從採購新庫存轉移到廢棄物合規管理，這限制了可用於擴大耗材供應的預算。

近期產業數據顯示，加護病房的廢棄物產生規模龐大，凸顯了採購瓶頸問題。根據 Practice Greenhealth 預測，到 2025 年，手術室產生的廢棄物將佔醫療機構所有廢棄物的 30% 以上，其中大部分是一次性塑膠製品和管路組件。手術室廢棄物集中度如此之高，迫使管理者實施嚴格的採購上限，以控制廢棄物處理成本。在成本受限的地區，這種財務壓力實際上減緩了高階一次性呼吸迴路的普及速度，因為醫療機構為了遵守減少廢棄物的規定而推遲庫存補充。

市場趨勢

針對攜帶式和居家照護最佳化的呼吸迴路設計的發展，已將市場覆蓋範圍遠遠擴展到傳統醫院之外。隨著全球醫療保健系統優先考慮針對慢性呼吸系統疾病（例如慢性阻塞性肺病和阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症）的經濟有效的家庭治療，對輕便、耐用且易於使用的、兼容攜帶式人工呼吸器和持續陽壓呼吸器(CPAP) 設備的管路組件的需求日益成長。這種轉變支持在臨床環境之外進行長期呼吸護理，有助於降低醫院再入院率並提高患者的活動能力。為了反映家庭呼吸照護領域的強勁成長，ResMed 在 2025 年 8 月的 10-K 表格年度報告中指出，受全球對家庭睡眠和呼吸照護設備持續需求的推動，其本會計年度收入淨額成長 10%，達到 51.5 億美元。

同時，加熱絲和主動加濕技術的進步正在透過精確模擬生理條件，徹底改變呼吸支持的有效性。與被動式熱濕交換器不同，現代主動式迴路利用內建加熱器和複雜的演算法來維持最佳的氣體溫度和濕度。這可以防止在諸如高流量鼻氧氣療法等治療過程中出現黏膜纖毛功能障礙，從而提高患者的耐受性。這項技術革新在加護病房中變得至關重要，它能夠維持呼吸道功能並改善人工呼吸器患者的臨床療效。費雪派克醫療保健公司2025年5月發布的年度報告顯示，與上一會計年度相比，包括高流量治療介面和主動加濕系統在內的新應用耗材的收入成長了20%，這便是這些先進解決方案迅速普及的一個例證。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶評價

第5章 全球呼吸管路市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
  • 按金額
• 市佔率及預測
  • 依產品類型（開放式呼吸管路、半開放式呼吸管路、半封閉式呼吸系統、封閉式呼吸管路）
  • 透過應用（麻醉、呼吸功能障礙等）
  • 按最終使用者（醫院/診所、門診護理中心、其他）
  • 按地區
  • 按公司（2025 年）
• 市場地圖

第6章 北美呼吸管路市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 北美洲：國家分析
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥

7. 歐洲呼吸管路市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 歐洲：國家分析
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 英國
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙

8. 亞太地區呼吸管路市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 亞太地區：國家分析
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韓國
  • 澳洲

9. 中東和非洲呼吸管路市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 中東和非洲：國家分析
  • 沙烏地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
  • 南非

第10章：南美洲呼吸管路市場展望

• 市場規模及預測
• 市佔率及預測
• 南美洲：國家分析
  • 巴西
  • 哥倫比亞
  • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

• 促進要素
• 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

• 併購
• 產品發布
• 最新進展

第13章 全球呼吸管路市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

• 產業競爭
• 新進入者的可能性
• 供應商電力
• 顧客權力
• 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

• Medtronic plc
• Ambu A/S
• Flexicare Medical Ltd
• Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd
• Dragerwerk AG & Co.
• Hamilton Medical Inc.
• Armstrong Medical Industries Inc
• GE Healthcare Technologies Inc.
• Bio Med Devices Inc.

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

The Global Breathing Circuits Market is projected to expand from USD 1.53 Billion in 2025 to USD 1.91 Billion by 2031, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 3.77%. These medical tubing assemblies are essential for connecting patients to anesthesia machines or ventilators, facilitating the delivery of gases and the removal of carbon dioxide. The market's growth is primarily driven by the increasing incidence of respiratory pathologies and a rise in surgical volumes requiring anesthesia. According to data from the World Health Organization and the European Respiratory Society, chronic respiratory diseases impacted 81.7 million individuals in the WHO European Region in 2025, highlighting the critical need for respiratory support. Additionally, an aging global population prone to respiratory failure continues to drive the demand for mechanical ventilation solutions.

However, the market faces significant challenges related to the environmental footprint and disposal costs associated with disposable plastic circuits. Healthcare facilities are under increasing scrutiny regarding medical waste, creating pressure to implement sustainable yet economically feasible alternatives. This conflict between strict infection control mandates and environmental sustainability targets introduces procurement complexities. In regions with limited budgets, the trade-off between managing infection risks and reducing environmental impact creates bottlenecks that may hinder volume growth.

Market Driver

The increasing volume of surgical procedures requiring anesthesia serves as a primary driver for the global breathing circuits market. As healthcare systems work to clear backlogs and address the needs of an aging population, the frequency of general anesthesia interventions has risen, leading to a direct increase in the consumption of breathing tubes and masks. This surge in activity is highlighted by national health data; for example, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare's December 2025 report on hospital elective surgeries indicated that 940,000 patients were added to public hospital waiting lists during the 2024-25 period, a 3.1% increase from the previous year. Such elevated surgical demand necessitates a reliable supply of airway management interfaces to ensure patient safety during perioperative care.

Concurrently, the market is being reshaped by a decisive transition toward single-use circuits to minimize cross-contamination risks and enhance infection control. Although reusable circuits have been historically common, they present sterilization difficulties that can contribute to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Underscoring this risk, the World Health Organization reported in May 2025 that approximately 7 out of every 100 patients in high-income countries acquire at least one HAI during their hospital stay. This critical safety concern compels hospitals to procure disposable consumables, significantly boosting segment revenues. Reflecting this strong demand, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare reported that revenue for its Hospital product group, which includes respiratory and acute care consumables, reached $1.28 billion in 2025, marking an 18% increase over the prior financial year.

Market Challenge

The environmental impact and associated disposal costs of disposable plastic breathing circuits represent a major restraint on market expansion. As healthcare systems worldwide face stricter environmental regulations, the volume of plastic waste generated by anesthesia and respiratory care has come under intense scrutiny. While disposable circuits are effective for infection control, they contribute significantly to the accumulation of non-biodegradable medical waste. This creates a financial burden for hospitals, as the cost of treating and disposing of regulated medical plastics often exceeds the initial purchase price of the device. Consequently, procurement departments are forced to divert capital from acquiring new stock to managing waste compliance, thereby limiting the budget available for volume growth in consumables.

This procurement bottleneck is quantified by recent industry data concerning the scale of waste generation in critical care settings. According to Practice Greenhealth, in 2025, operating rooms were responsible for more than 30% of a healthcare facility's total waste, a significant portion of which comprised single-use plastics and tubing assemblies. This high concentration of waste in surgical departments compels administrators to enforce rigid purchasing caps to control disposal expenditures. In cost-constrained regions, this financial pressure effectively slows the adoption rate of premium disposable circuits, as institutions delay inventory replenishment to align with waste reduction mandates.

Market Trends

The development of portable and home-care optimized circuit designs is significantly extending market reach beyond traditional hospital settings. As healthcare systems globally prioritize cost-efficient home-based treatments for chronic respiratory conditions like COPD and obstructive sleep apnea, there is a rising demand for lightweight, durable, and user-friendly tubing assemblies compatible with portable ventilators and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. This shift supports long-term respiratory care outside clinical environments, thereby reducing hospital readmission rates and improving patient mobility. Reflecting this strong growth in the home respiratory sector, ResMed Inc. reported in its August 2025 'Form 10-K Annual Report' that net revenue for the fiscal year increased by 10% to reach $5.15 billion, driven by sustained global demand for home-use sleep and respiratory care devices.

Simultaneously, advancements in heated wire and active humidification technologies are revolutionizing the efficacy of respiratory support by precisely replicating physiological conditions. Unlike passive heat and moisture exchangers, modern active circuits utilize embedded heating elements and advanced algorithms to maintain optimal gas temperature and humidity, preventing mucociliary dysfunction and enhancing patient tolerance during therapies such as high-flow nasal oxygen. This technological evolution is becoming essential in intensive care units to preserve airway integrity and improve clinical outcomes for ventilated patients. Highlighting the rapid adoption of these sophisticated solutions, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare's May 2025 'Annual Report' noted that revenue from new applications consumables, which includes high-flow therapy interfaces and active humidification systems, grew by 20% over the prior financial year.

Key Market Players

• Medtronic plc
• Ambu A/S
• Flexicare Medical Ltd
• Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd
• Dragerwerk AG & Co.
• Hamilton Medical Inc.
• Armstrong Medical Industries Inc
• GE Healthcare Technologies Inc.
• Bio Med Devices Inc.

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Breathing Circuits Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Breathing Circuits Market, By Product Type

• Open Breathing Circuits
• Semi Open Breathing Circuits
• Semi-closed breathing systems
• Closed Breathing Circuits

Breathing Circuits Market, By Application

• Anesthesia
• Respiratory Dysfunction
• Others

Breathing Circuits Market, By End Users

• Hospitals & Clinics
• Ambulatory Care Centers
• Others

Breathing Circuits Market, By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Germany
  • Spain
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • South Korea
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Breathing Circuits Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Breathing Circuits Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

• 1.1. Market Definition
• 1.2. Scope of the Market
  • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
  • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

• 2.1. Objective of the Study
• 2.2. Baseline Methodology
• 2.3. Key Industry Partners
• 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
• 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
• 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
• 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

• 3.1. Overview of the Market
• 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
• 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
• 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
• 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Breathing Circuits Market Outlook

• 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 5.1.1. By Value
• 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 5.2.1. By Product Type (Open Breathing Circuits, Semi Open Breathing Circuits, Semi-closed breathing systems, Closed Breathing Circuits)
  • 5.2.2. By Application (Anesthesia, Respiratory Dysfunction, Others)
  • 5.2.3. By End Users (Hospitals & Clinics, Ambulatory Care Centers, Others)
  • 5.2.4. By Region
  • 5.2.5. By Company (2025)
• 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Breathing Circuits Market Outlook

• 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 6.1.1. By Value
• 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 6.2.1. By Product Type
  • 6.2.2. By Application
  • 6.2.3. By End Users
  • 6.2.4. By Country
• 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  • 6.3.1. United States Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
      • 6.3.1.2.2. By Application
      • 6.3.1.2.3. By End Users
  • 6.3.2. Canada Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
      • 6.3.2.2.2. By Application
      • 6.3.2.2.3. By End Users
  • 6.3.3. Mexico Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 6.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
      • 6.3.3.2.2. By Application
      • 6.3.3.2.3. By End Users

7. Europe Breathing Circuits Market Outlook

• 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 7.1.1. By Value
• 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 7.2.1. By Product Type
  • 7.2.2. By Application
  • 7.2.3. By End Users
  • 7.2.4. By Country
• 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  • 7.3.1. Germany Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
      • 7.3.1.2.2. By Application
      • 7.3.1.2.3. By End Users
  • 7.3.2. France Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
      • 7.3.2.2.2. By Application
      • 7.3.2.2.3. By End Users
  • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
      • 7.3.3.2.2. By Application
      • 7.3.3.2.3. By End Users
  • 7.3.4. Italy Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.4.2.1. By Product Type
      • 7.3.4.2.2. By Application
      • 7.3.4.2.3. By End Users
  • 7.3.5. Spain Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 7.3.5.2.1. By Product Type
      • 7.3.5.2.2. By Application
      • 7.3.5.2.3. By End Users

8. Asia Pacific Breathing Circuits Market Outlook

• 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 8.1.1. By Value
• 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 8.2.1. By Product Type
  • 8.2.2. By Application
  • 8.2.3. By End Users
  • 8.2.4. By Country
• 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
  • 8.3.1. China Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
      • 8.3.1.2.2. By Application
      • 8.3.1.2.3. By End Users
  • 8.3.2. India Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
      • 8.3.2.2.2. By Application
      • 8.3.2.2.3. By End Users
  • 8.3.3. Japan Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
      • 8.3.3.2.2. By Application
      • 8.3.3.2.3. By End Users
  • 8.3.4. South Korea Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.4.2.1. By Product Type
      • 8.3.4.2.2. By Application
      • 8.3.4.2.3. By End Users
  • 8.3.5. Australia Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 8.3.5.2.1. By Product Type
      • 8.3.5.2.2. By Application
      • 8.3.5.2.3. By End Users

9. Middle East & Africa Breathing Circuits Market Outlook

• 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 9.1.1. By Value
• 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 9.2.1. By Product Type
  • 9.2.2. By Application
  • 9.2.3. By End Users
  • 9.2.4. By Country
• 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
  • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
      • 9.3.1.2.2. By Application
      • 9.3.1.2.3. By End Users
  • 9.3.2. UAE Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
      • 9.3.2.2.2. By Application
      • 9.3.2.2.3. By End Users
  • 9.3.3. South Africa Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 9.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
      • 9.3.3.2.2. By Application
      • 9.3.3.2.3. By End Users

10. South America Breathing Circuits Market Outlook

• 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  • 10.1.1. By Value
• 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  • 10.2.1. By Product Type
  • 10.2.2. By Application
  • 10.2.3. By End Users
  • 10.2.4. By Country
• 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
  • 10.3.1. Brazil Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.1.2.1. By Product Type
      • 10.3.1.2.2. By Application
      • 10.3.1.2.3. By End Users
  • 10.3.2. Colombia Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.2.2.1. By Product Type
      • 10.3.2.2.2. By Application
      • 10.3.2.2.3. By End Users
  • 10.3.3. Argentina Breathing Circuits Market Outlook
    • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      • 10.3.3.2.1. By Product Type
      • 10.3.3.2.2. By Application
      • 10.3.3.2.3. By End Users

11. Market Dynamics

• 11.1. Drivers
• 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

• 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
• 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
• 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Breathing Circuits Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

• 14.1. Competition in the Industry
• 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
• 14.3. Power of Suppliers
• 14.4. Power of Customers
• 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

• 15.1. Medtronic plc
  • 15.1.1. Business Overview
  • 15.1.2. Products & Services
  • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
  • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
  • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
• 15.2. Ambu A/S
• 15.3. Flexicare Medical Ltd
• 15.4. Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd
• 15.5. Dragerwerk AG & Co.
• 15.6. Hamilton Medical Inc.
• 15.7. Armstrong Medical Industries Inc
• 15.8. GE Healthcare Technologies Inc.
• 15.9. Bio Med Devices Inc.

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer