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市場調查報告書
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1941166

螯合劑市場 - 全球產業規模、佔有率、趨勢、機會及按類型、應用、地區和競爭格局分類的預測（2021-2031年）

Chelating Agents Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Type, By Application, By Region & Competition, 2021-2031F
出版日期: | 出版商: TechSci Research | 英文 186 Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

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簡介目錄

全球螯合劑市場預計將從 2025 年的 63.8 億美元成長到 2031 年的 81.3 億美元，複合年成長率為 4.12%。

螯合劑是一類特殊的化合物，能夠與金屬離子反應形成穩定的水溶性錯合，在各種工業應用中發揮至關重要的作用，可以防止不必要的化學反應。市場成長的主要驅動力是水處理、工業清洗以及紙漿和造紙行業的強勁需求，在這些行業中，螯合劑對於控制水硬度和穩定漂白過程至關重要。下游製造業的復甦進一步推動了這一成長趨勢，直接轉化為螯合劑消費量的成長。例如，歐洲紙漿和造紙工業協會（CEPI）報告稱，到2024年，成員國的紙張和紙板產量將年增5.2%，這將顯著提升造紙過程中對螯合劑的需求。

市場概覽
預測期 2027-2031
市場規模：2025年 63.8億美元
市場規模：2031年 81.3億美元
複合年成長率：2026-2031年 4.12%
成長最快的細分市場 家庭和工業清潔
最大的市場 亞太地區

然而，傳統氨基聚羧酸鹽（例如EDTA）的環境永續性在市場中面臨重大障礙。日益嚴格的環境法規針對這些不可生物分解的物質，迫使該產業轉型為更環保的生物基替代品。這項轉型帶來了挑戰，因為可生物分解螯合劑不斷上漲的研發和生產成本會擠壓利潤空間，並使現有工業產品的配方改良變得更加複雜。因此，這些因素可能會阻礙市場在對成本波動特別敏感的地區的快速擴張。

市場促進因素

紙漿和造紙製造業的強勁擴張是螯合劑市場的主要驅動力，因為這些化學物質對於穩定漂白過程和控制紙漿生產中的金屬離子至關重要。隨著下游包裝和工業用紙需求的復甦，尤其是在新興亞洲經濟體，製造商正在提高產量，這直接導致製程化學品的消耗量增加，以防止紙張亮度下降。例如，中國工業和資訊化部報告稱，2024年1月和2月機械紙和紙板產量年增11.9%，顯示該產業正在強勁復甦，而這需要更多的穩定劑來維持營運效率和產品品質。

同時，螯合劑在工業用水和污水處理中的應用日益廣泛，推動了市場擴張，而這又得益於公共和私人對公共產業基礎設施投資的不斷成長。螯合劑對於抑制複雜水處理系統中的結垢和去除重金屬至關重要，其需求成長主要受更嚴格的排放法規和老舊設施現代化改造的驅動。 2024年10月，美國環保署宣布撥款36億美元用於水基礎設施升級，為採用先進處理技術創造了有利的經濟環境。此外，市場也積極應對永續性的壓力。根據美國清潔工業協會發布的《2024年永續發展報告》，36%的會員企業承諾在2050年實現淨零排放，這反映出整個產業正向高效合規的化學解決方案轉型。

市場挑戰

嚴格的環境法規，尤其是針對不可生物分解化合物的法規，是市場發展的主要阻礙因素。監管機構正逐步限制傳統氨基聚羧酸鹽的使用，強制要求向生物基替代品過渡。然而，由於生產流程複雜且原料昂貴，這些可生物分解替代品的生產營運成本顯著更高。這種價格差異導致終端用戶產生抵觸情緒，因為他們身處價格敏感的環境中，難以將額外成本轉嫁給消費者。

此次轉型帶來的經濟負擔因化學製造業的普遍低迷而加劇。低迷導致可用於供應鏈變革的資金減少，製造商流動性下降，難以承擔與永續螯合劑相關的高昂成本。根據歐洲化學工業理事會預測，2024年歐盟化學品產量預計僅年增1.0%，顯示該產業將持續面臨經濟壓力。這種產業疲軟限制了下游買家採用成本較高的配方改良方案的能力，最終減緩了環保螯合劑的商業性化應用，並阻礙了整體市場規模的成長。

市場趨勢

向可生物分解替代品（例如甲基甘氨酸二乙酸酯 (MGDA) 和麩胺酸二乙酸酯 (GLDA)）的轉變，正在從根本上改變螯合劑的市場結構，尤其是在工業和商用清潔領域。製造商越來越重視開發生物基替代品，以取代傳統的氨基聚羧酸鹽（例如 EDTA），後者因其環境持久性而受到監管審查。這種轉變不僅受監管合規的驅動，也受到供應商為實現主要清潔劑品牌「淨零排放」範圍 3排放目標而採取的競爭策略的影響。這種對創新的重視在近期的企業策略中也得到了充分體現。諾力昂 (Nouryon) 於 2025 年 5 月發布的《2024 年永續發展報告》指出，該公司約 74% 的產品創新計畫致力於永續性解決方案，凸顯了整個產業推動可生物分解配方商業化的趨勢。

同時，潔淨標示螯合劑在天然個人護理市場正獲得顯著成長。消費者對透明度的日益成長的需求正在推動合成成分的逐步淘汰。配方師正在改造護膚和護髮產品線，用植物來源替代品（例如植酸鈉和葡萄糖酸鈉）取代傳統的螯合劑。這些替代品能夠有效螯合金屬離子，同時符合環保產品的要求。這一配方改良趨勢的驅動力來自不斷成長的下游美容行業的持續需求，該行業需要大量相容成分來滿足其不斷成長的基本客群。根據歐洲化妝品協會（Cosmetics Europe）於2025年7月發布的《2024年歐洲化妝品市場報告》，預計2024年，歐洲化妝品和個人護理市場規模將達到1,039億歐元，比上年成長6.4%。這為這些天然螯合技術創造了一個龐大且不斷成長的市場。

目錄

第1章概述

第2章調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章：客戶評價

第5章 全球螯合劑市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
    • 按金額
  • 市佔率及預測
    • 按類型（氨基多羧酸、葡萄糖酸鈉、有機磷酸酯、其他）
    • 按應用領域（紙漿和造紙、家庭和工業清潔、水處理、殺蟲劑、個人護理、其他）
    • 按地區
    • 按公司（2025 年）
  • 市場地圖

第6章 北美螯合劑市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 北美洲：國家分析
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥

7. 歐洲螯合劑市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 歐洲：國家分析
    • 德國
    • 法國
    • 英國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙

8. 亞太地區螯合劑市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 亞太地區：國家分析
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 澳洲

9. 中東和非洲螯合劑市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 中東和非洲：國家分析
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 南非

第10章 南美螯合劑市場展望

  • 市場規模及預測
  • 市佔率及預測
  • 南美洲：國家分析
    • 巴西
    • 哥倫比亞
    • 阿根廷

第11章 市場動態

  • 促進要素
  • 任務

第12章 市場趨勢與發展

  • 併購
  • 產品發布
  • 最新進展

第13章 全球螯合劑市場：SWOT分析

第14章：波特五力分析

  • 產業競爭
  • 新進入者的可能性
  • 供應商電力
  • 顧客權力
  • 替代品的威脅

第15章 競爭格局

  • Akzo Nobel NV
  • Archer Daniels Midland Company
  • BASF SE
  • Kemira Oyj
  • The Dow Chemical Company
  • Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation
  • Nouryon Chemicals Holding BV
  • Lonza Group AG
  • Evonik Industries AG
  • Ascend Performance Materials LLC

第16章 策略建議

第17章：關於研究公司及免責聲明

簡介目錄
Product Code: 15099

The Global Chelating Agents Market is projected to expand from USD 6.38 Billion in 2025 to USD 8.13 Billion by 2031, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.12%. Chelating agents are specialized chemical compounds that react with metal ions to create stable, water-soluble complexes, a function that is vital for preventing unwanted chemical reactions across various industrial applications. Market growth is primarily driven by strong demand within the water treatment, industrial cleaning, and pulp and paper sectors, where these agents are essential for managing water hardness and stabilizing bleaching processes. This upward trend is further supported by a recovery in downstream manufacturing industries, which directly increases consumption. For example, Cepi reported that paper and board production in member countries rose by 5.2% in 2024 compared to the prior year, a resurgence that significantly increases the need for chelating agents in paper processing.

Market Overview
Forecast Period2027-2031
Market Size 2025USD 6.38 Billion
Market Size 2031USD 8.13 Billion
CAGR 2026-20314.12%
Fastest Growing SegmentHousehold and Industrial Cleaning
Largest MarketAsia Pacific

However, the market encounters a significant obstacle regarding the environmental sustainability of conventional aminopolycarboxylates like EDTA. Stricter environmental regulations aimed at these non-biodegradable substances are forcing the industry to transition toward greener, bio-based alternatives. This shift creates a challenge, as the elevated development and production costs associated with biodegradable chelating agents can squeeze profit margins and complicate the reformulation of established industrial products. Consequently, these factors may hinder rapid market expansion in regions that are particularly sensitive to cost fluctuations.

Market Driver

The robust expansion of the pulp and paper manufacturing sector serves as a primary catalyst for the chelating agents market, as these chemicals are indispensable for stabilizing bleaching processes and managing metal ions during pulping operations. As downstream demand for packaging and industrial paper rebounds, especially within emerging Asian economies, manufacturers are scaling up production, which correlates directly with higher consumption of process chemicals to prevent brightness reversion. For instance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology reported that China's production of machine-made paper and paperboard increased by 11.9% year-on-year during the first two months of 2024, indicating a strong industrial recovery that requires larger volumes of stabilizing agents to maintain operational efficiency and product quality.

Concurrently, market expansion is being driven by the growing deployment of chelating agents in industrial water and wastewater treatment, bolstered by substantial public and private investment in utility infrastructure. Chelants are crucial for scale inhibition and heavy metal removal in complex water systems, a necessity that is intensifying due to stricter discharge regulations and the modernization of aging facilities. In October 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced $3.6 billion in funding for water infrastructure upgrades, fostering an economic environment favorable to the adoption of advanced treatment technologies. Furthermore, the market is adapting to sustainability pressures; the American Cleaning Institute's '2024 Sustainability Report' noted that 36% of its member companies have pledged to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, reflecting a broader industry shift toward efficient and compliant chemical solutions.

Market Challenge

Rigorous environmental regulations focused on non-biodegradable compounds constitute a major restraint on market development. Regulatory bodies are increasingly limiting the use of traditional aminopolycarboxylates, mandating a necessary shift toward bio-based alternatives. However, manufacturing these biodegradable substitutes involves significantly higher operational costs due to complex production requirements and expensive raw materials. This price disparity generates resistance among end-users who operate in highly price-sensitive environments and are unable to easily pass these additional costs on to consumers.

The economic weight of this transition is exacerbated by the sluggish performance of the broader chemical manufacturing sector, which reduces the capital available for supply chain modifications. Manufacturers dealing with reduced liquidity struggle to absorb the premium costs associated with sustainable chelating agents. According to the European Chemical Industry Council, chemical production in the European Union is projected to grow by only 1.0% in 2024 compared to the previous year, signaling continued economic pressure on the industry. This lack of strong industrial momentum limits the capacity of downstream buyers to adopt more expensive reformulations, thereby slowing the commercial uptake of greener chelating agents and impeding overall market volume growth.

Market Trends

The move toward biodegradable alternatives, such as methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) and glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA), is fundamentally transforming the chelating agents landscape, particularly within the industrial and institutional cleaning sectors. Manufacturers are increasingly prioritizing the development of these bio-based chemistries to replace traditional aminopolycarboxylates like EDTA, which are under regulatory scrutiny due to their environmental persistence. This transition is driven not only by compliance but also by competitive strategy, as suppliers aim to meet the "net-zero" scope 3 emission targets of major detergent brands. This focus on innovation is evident in recent corporate strategies; Nouryon's 'Sustainability Report 2024', released in May 2025, indicated that approximately 74% of the company's product innovation pipeline was dedicated to solutions with sustainability benefits, highlighting the industry-wide push to commercialize biodegradable formulations.

Simultaneously, the adoption of clean-label chelators is gaining significant traction in the natural personal care market, where consumer demand for transparency is driving the phase-out of synthetic ingredients. Formulators are modifying skin and hair care lines to substitute conventional chelants with plant-derived alternatives, such as sodium phytate and gluconates, which offer effective metal ion sequestration while aligning with eco-friendly product claims. This reformulation wave is supported by the sustained expansion of the downstream beauty sector, which continues to demand high volumes of compliant ingredients to satisfy a growing customer base. According to Cosmetics Europe's 'European Cosmetics Market 2024' report from July 2025, the European cosmetics and personal care market reached a value of 103.9 billion euros in 2024, a 6.4% increase from the previous year, creating a substantial and expanding market for these natural chelation technologies.

Key Market Players

  • Akzo Nobel NV
  • Archer Daniels Midland Company
  • BASF SE
  • Kemira Oyj
  • The Dow Chemical Company
  • Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation
  • Nouryon Chemicals Holding B.V.
  • Lonza Group AG
  • Evonik Industries AG
  • Ascend Performance Materials LLC

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Chelating Agents Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

Chelating Agents Market, By Type

  • Aminopolycarboxylic Acid
  • Sodium Gluconate
  • Organophosphonate
  • Others

Chelating Agents Market, By Application

  • Pulp and Paper
  • Household and Industrial Cleaning
  • Water Treatment
  • Agrochemicals
  • Personal Care
  • Other

Chelating Agents Market, By Region

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Italy
    • Germany
    • Spain
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • South Korea
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Chelating Agents Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Chelating Agents Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Table of Contents

1. Product Overview

  • 1.1. Market Definition
  • 1.2. Scope of the Market
    • 1.2.1. Markets Covered
    • 1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
    • 1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. Research Methodology

  • 2.1. Objective of the Study
  • 2.2. Baseline Methodology
  • 2.3. Key Industry Partners
  • 2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
  • 2.5. Forecasting Methodology
  • 2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
  • 2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Overview of the Market
  • 3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
  • 3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
  • 3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
  • 3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. Voice of Customer

5. Global Chelating Agents Market Outlook

  • 5.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 5.1.1. By Value
  • 5.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 5.2.1. By Type (Aminopolycarboxylic Acid, Sodium Gluconate, Organophosphonate, Others)
    • 5.2.2. By Application (Pulp and Paper, Household and Industrial Cleaning, Water Treatment, Agrochemicals, Personal Care, Other)
    • 5.2.3. By Region
    • 5.2.4. By Company (2025)
  • 5.3. Market Map

6. North America Chelating Agents Market Outlook

  • 6.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 6.1.1. By Value
  • 6.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 6.2.1. By Type
    • 6.2.2. By Application
    • 6.2.3. By Country
  • 6.3. North America: Country Analysis
    • 6.3.1. United States Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 6.3.2. Canada Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 6.3.3. Mexico Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 6.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 6.3.3.2.2. By Application

7. Europe Chelating Agents Market Outlook

  • 7.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 7.1.1. By Value
  • 7.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 7.2.1. By Type
    • 7.2.2. By Application
    • 7.2.3. By Country
  • 7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
    • 7.3.1. Germany Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.2. France Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.3. United Kingdom Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.3.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.4. Italy Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.4.2.2. By Application
    • 7.3.5. Spain Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 7.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 7.3.5.2.2. By Application

8. Asia Pacific Chelating Agents Market Outlook

  • 8.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 8.1.1. By Value
  • 8.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 8.2.1. By Type
    • 8.2.2. By Application
    • 8.2.3. By Country
  • 8.3. Asia Pacific: Country Analysis
    • 8.3.1. China Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.2. India Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.3. Japan Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.3.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.4. South Korea Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.4.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.4.2.2. By Application
    • 8.3.5. Australia Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.1.1. By Value
      • 8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 8.3.5.2.1. By Type
        • 8.3.5.2.2. By Application

9. Middle East & Africa Chelating Agents Market Outlook

  • 9.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 9.1.1. By Value
  • 9.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 9.2.1. By Type
    • 9.2.2. By Application
    • 9.2.3. By Country
  • 9.3. Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis
    • 9.3.1. Saudi Arabia Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 9.3.2. UAE Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 9.3.3. South Africa Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 9.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 9.3.3.2.2. By Application

10. South America Chelating Agents Market Outlook

  • 10.1. Market Size & Forecast
    • 10.1.1. By Value
  • 10.2. Market Share & Forecast
    • 10.2.1. By Type
    • 10.2.2. By Application
    • 10.2.3. By Country
  • 10.3. South America: Country Analysis
    • 10.3.1. Brazil Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.1.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.1.2.2. By Application
    • 10.3.2. Colombia Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.2.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.2.2.2. By Application
    • 10.3.3. Argentina Chelating Agents Market Outlook
      • 10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.1.1. By Value
      • 10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
        • 10.3.3.2.1. By Type
        • 10.3.3.2.2. By Application

11. Market Dynamics

  • 11.1. Drivers
  • 11.2. Challenges

12. Market Trends & Developments

  • 12.1. Merger & Acquisition (If Any)
  • 12.2. Product Launches (If Any)
  • 12.3. Recent Developments

13. Global Chelating Agents Market: SWOT Analysis

14. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

  • 14.1. Competition in the Industry
  • 14.2. Potential of New Entrants
  • 14.3. Power of Suppliers
  • 14.4. Power of Customers
  • 14.5. Threat of Substitute Products

15. Competitive Landscape

  • 15.1. Akzo Nobel NV
    • 15.1.1. Business Overview
    • 15.1.2. Products & Services
    • 15.1.3. Recent Developments
    • 15.1.4. Key Personnel
    • 15.1.5. SWOT Analysis
  • 15.2. Archer Daniels Midland Company
  • 15.3. BASF SE
  • 15.4. Kemira Oyj
  • 15.5. The Dow Chemical Company
  • 15.6. Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation
  • 15.7. Nouryon Chemicals Holding B.V.
  • 15.8. Lonza Group AG
  • 15.9. Evonik Industries AG
  • 15.10. Ascend Performance Materials LLC

16. Strategic Recommendations

17. About Us & Disclaimer