Google TPU：平衡AI運算能力和成本效益

AI晶片是運算基礎設施中成本的主要組成部分。近期有報導表示，Google的TPU已被多家主要企業採用，這使得人們開始關注TPU作為GPU更具成本效益的替代方案的潛力。

本報告聚焦於Google的TPU，分析了在更廣泛的AI競爭環境下推動其發展的長期需求促進因素。報告也檢驗了該產品的競爭優勢，並指出了可能受益於其日益普及的供應鏈參與者。

主要亮點

• AI 晶片是運算基礎設施的主要成本組成部分，而Google的TPU 被主要企業廣泛採用，這使得人們開始關注 TPU，認為它是 GPU 的一種經濟高效的替代方案。
• 本報告重點關注Google的TPU，並在更廣泛的AI競爭背景下分析其長期需求推動要素。
• 將檢驗TPU相對於現有解的競爭優勢。
• 確定哪些供應鏈參與者可能會從TPU的日益普及中受益。

目錄

第1章 隨著對晶片級成本控制的需求不斷成長，AI軍備競賽進入第二階段。

第2章 GoogleTPU成為NVIDIAGPU的強勁替代方案

第3章 即使 TPU 會取代一些 GPU，但預計將在整個 AI 供應鏈中創造新的機會。

第4章 TRI的觀點

AI chips represent the core cost component of computing infrastructure. Recently, reports that Google’s TPU has been adopted by several leading companies have drawn attention to the possibility of more cost-efficient alternatives to GPUs.

This report focuses on Google’s TPU, analyzing the long-term demand drivers behind its development within the broader AI arms race. It also examines the product’s competitive advantages and identifies supply chain participants that may benefit from its growing adoption.

Key Highlights

• AI chips are the core cost component of computing infrastructure; Google's TPU adoption by leading companies has drawn attention to cost-efficient GPU alternatives.
• This report focuses on Google TPU, analyzing long-term demand drivers within the broader AI arms race context.
• Examines TPU's competitive advantages compared to existing solutions.
• Identifies supply chain participants that may benefit from growing TPU adoption.

Table of Contents

1. The AI Arms Race Enters Its Second Phase as Demand for Cost Control at the Chip Level Intensifies

• Figure 1: Capital Expenditures of the Four Major CSPs in 2023 and 2025, with 2026 Estimates

2. Google TPU Emerges as the Leading Alternative to NVIDIA GPUs

• Table 1: Key Performance and Specifications of Google TPUs Introduced in Recent Years
• Figure 2: Data Flow Illustration of Matrix Multiplication in GPUs vs. TPUs
• Figure 3: Estimated Google TPU Shipments, 2025–2027

3.Even if TPUs Displace Some GPUs, They Will Create New Opportunities Across the AI Supply Chain

• Table 2: Key Companies in the Google TPU Supply Chain

4.TRI’s View