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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1798074
全球甲酸市場:未來預測(至 2032 年)—按生產方法、等級、應用、最終用戶和地區進行的全球分析Formic Acid Market Forecasts to 2032 - Global Analysis By Production Method (Methyl Formate Hydrolysis, Carbonylation of Methanol and Bio-based Production), Grade (Grade 85%, Grade 94%, Grade 99% and Other Grades), Application, End User and By Geography |
根據 Stratistics MRC 的數據,2025 年全球甲酸市場價值為 12.4 億美元,預計到 2032 年將達到 20.1 億美元,預測期內複合年成長率為 7.1%。
甲酸 (HCOOH) 是最簡單的羧酸,也稱為甲烷,天然存在於某些植物、蜜蜂和螞蟻的毒液中。它是一種無色液體,具有強烈的刺激性氣味。它易溶於水和大多數極性有機溶劑。甲酸的工業生產主要透過甲酸甲酯的水解進行,由於其抗菌特性,它廣泛用於皮革鞣製、紡織品染色、橡膠加工,並可用作牲畜飼料的防腐劑。它也可用作某些工業程中的還原劑和各種化學合成的中間體。儘管甲酸用途廣泛,但它具有腐蝕性,必須小心處理,以免燒燙傷皮膚和刺激呼吸道。
根據美國化學學會的數據,2021年全球甲酸工業產量約87萬噸。甲酸主要透過基於一氧化碳的甲酸甲酯水解製程等途徑生產,以及作為乙酸生產中的產品。
飼料和農業需求不斷成長
甲酸在現代農業中至關重要,這主要歸功於其在動物飼料和青貯飼料中具有的抗菌和防腐特性。它能夠抑制細菌生長並延長飼料的保存期限,因此深受畜牧養殖戶的青睞。作為歐洲食品安全局 (EFSA)核准的安全添加劑,隨著肉類生產轉向無抗生素,尤其是在北美和歐洲,甲酸的使用量急劇增加。甲酸在運輸和儲存過程中保持飼料品質的能力,也確保了動物健康和產量的提升。對永續農業的持續需求進一步鞏固了其作為農業關鍵成長引擎的地位。
獲得替代化學品
在許多行業中,甲酸面臨來自替代酸和防腐劑(例如乙酸、丙酸和合成添加劑)的競爭。丙酸有時因其低腐蝕性和溫和氣味而被選用於保存牲畜飼料。其他化學品可以在皮革和紡織品加工中提供類似的pH值控制和染料固著效果,而不會引起類似的安全問題。此外,在橡膠工業的某些製程中,硫酸等凝固劑可以被替代。儘管甲酸具有諸多功能優勢,但由於其易於替代且價格更具競爭力,各行業經常會重新考慮其廣泛應用。
生物基生產技術的開發
綠色化學和碳中和製造趨勢推動著生物基和二氧化碳衍生甲酸生產技術的研發。除了減少負面環境影響外,這些流程還支持企業實現ESG(環境、社會和管治)目標,並吸引具有環保意識的產業。各國政府透過稅收優惠、補貼和綠色認證計劃,鼓勵永續化學品生產。此外,隨著技術的進步,生物基甲酸的價格可能與傳統生產產品相當,這將為全球消費和工業應用帶來巨大的成長潛力。
原料供應鏈中的脆弱性
甲醇和一氧化碳是生產甲酸的關鍵原料,而天然氣和原油價格波動都會對其產生影響。貿易限制、自然災害或地緣政治衝突導致全球供應鏈中斷,可能導致原料短缺和價格暴漲。除了增加生產成本外,這些因素還可能迫使製造商延遲交貨或暫停生產。此外,不穩定的原料供應可能會削弱消費者信心,導致某些應用中使用其他化學品取代甲酸。長期依賴波動性原料,市場穩定性和成長前景仍面臨結構性威脅。
新冠疫情對甲酸市場產生了雙重影響。它暫時減緩了生產並擾亂了供應鏈,但也開闢了新的需求管道。由於紡織、皮革和橡膠等主要終端產業受到停工和限制措施的影響,甲酸消費量下降。然而,農業部門仍保持韌性,因為需要甲酸作為飼料防腐劑來維持畜牧業的持續生產。衛生意識的提高也導致清洗劑和消毒劑的使用增加。由於疫情後的復甦、工業活動的復甦以及全球對環保化學解決方案的推動,市場出現反彈。
預測期內,甲酸甲酯水解部分預計將成為最大的部分
甲酸甲酯水解製程因其經濟實惠、擴充性且適合大規模工業生產,預計將在預測期內佔據最大的市場佔有率。該工藝透過水解甲酸甲酯(通常由甲醇和一氧化碳製成)高效地生產高純度甲酸。全球領先的製造商因其成熟的技術、低營業成本和高轉換效率而選擇此製程。此外,該製程對各種生產能力的適應性以及甲醇作為主要原料的可用性進一步增強了其優勢。隨著化學、皮革、紡織和農業領域對甲酸的需求不斷成長,甲酸甲酯水解過程仍然是全球主要的甲酸生產方法。
預計在預測期內,醫藥和化學中間體將以最高的複合年成長率成長。
預計在預測期內,醫藥和化學中間體領域將實現最高成長率,這得益於特種化學品、精細化學品和先進藥物生產中對高純度化學品日益成長的需求。甲酸是農業化學品、活性藥物成分和其他特殊化合物生產中重要的中間體和還原劑。全球製藥業的成長、生物製藥研發的不斷增加以及對精準、高品質化學合成的追求推動了甲酸的應用。此外,對高效永續化學中間體日益成長的需求,以及對更高純度等級的嚴格監管,也推動了這個高價值應用領域的成長。
預計亞太地區將在預測期內佔據最大的市場佔有率,這得益於其強大的工業基礎、充足的原料供應以及紡織、皮革、橡膠和農業領域的強勁需求。中國和印度等國家憑藉其大規模的畜牧養殖、低廉的生產成本以及蓬勃發展的出口導向皮革和紡織業,在生產和消費方面均佔據主導地位。該地區糧食產量的不斷成長和人口的成長也推動了動物飼料防腐對甲酸的需求。此外,政府鼓勵工業擴張的計劃以及對製造設施的大量投資鞏固了亞太地區作為全球甲酸生產和終端消費中心的地位。
預計北美地區在預測期內將實現最高的複合年成長率,這得益於清洗、製藥和農業領域對高純度、環保化學品日益成長的需求。隨著該地區向永續農業實踐和無抗生素牲畜飼料轉型,甲酸作為一種安全防腐劑正逐漸被認可。儲氫等可再生能源應用以及在生物基生產技術開發方面的大量研發投入,也正在拓展甲酸的未來用途。目前,北美是甲酸需求成長最快的地區,這得益於法律規範以及人們對生物分解性產品的日益偏好。
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Formic Acid Market is accounted for $1.24 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach $2.01 billion by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period. The simplest carboxylic acid, formic acid (HCOOH), also referred to as methanoic acid, is found naturally in the venom of some plants, bees, and ants. It is a colorless liquid that has a strong, piercing smell. It dissolves well in water and the majority of polar organic solvents. Formic acid, which is primarily made industrially by hydrolyzing methyl formate, is used extensively in leather tanning, textile dyeing, rubber processing, and as a preservative in animal feed because of its antibacterial qualities. Additionally, it functions as a reducing agent in certain industrial processes and as an intermediate in a variety of chemical syntheses. Formic acid is corrosive and needs to be handled carefully to avoid skin burns and respiratory irritation, despite its many useful applications.
According to the American Chemical Society, global industrial production of formic acid reached approximately 870 thousand tonnes in 2021. It is produced mainly through routes such as the carbon monoxide-based methyl formate hydrolysis process or as a by-product of acetic acid manufacture.
Growing need for animal feed and agriculture
Formic acid is essential to contemporary agriculture, mostly because it acts as an antibacterial and preservative in animal feed and silage. It is a popular option among livestock farmers due to its capacity to prevent bacterial growth and prolong feed shelf life. As the world moves toward producing meat without antibiotics, particularly in North America and Europe, its use as a safe, EFSA-approved additive has increased dramatically. Its function in preserving feed quality throughout transportation and storage also guarantees improved animal health and increased output. Sustainable farming methods' status as a major growth engine in the agricultural industry is being further cemented by the continuous demand for them.
Accessibility of alternative chemicals
Formic acid faces competition from alternative acids and preservatives like acetic acid, propionic acid, and synthetic additives in a number of industries. Propionic acid is occasionally chosen for livestock feed preservation due to its less corrosive nature and milder odor. Other chemicals can provide similar pH control or dye fixation in leather and textile processing without raising the same level of safety issues. Moreover, coagulants, such as sulfuric acid, can be substituted in some rubber industry processes. Despite the functional benefits of formic acid, industries frequently reevaluate its widespread use due to its ease of substitution and the competitive pricing of substitutes.
Developments in bio-based production technology
R&D into bio-based and CO2-derived formic acid production techniques is being driven by the trend toward green chemistry and carbon-neutral manufacturing. In addition to lessening their negative effects on the environment, these procedures support business ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) objectives, which appeal to sectors that care about the environment. Through tax breaks, subsidies, and green certification initiatives, governments are encouraging the production of sustainable chemicals. Furthermore, bio-based formic acid could become as affordable as conventional production as technology advances, opening up enormous growth potential in consumer and industrial applications worldwide.
Supply chain vulnerabilities for raw materials
Methanol and carbon monoxide are essential for the production of formic acid, and both are impacted by changes in the price of natural gas and crude oil. Shortages of raw materials or abrupt price increases can result from disruptions in global supply chains brought on by trade restrictions, natural disasters, or geopolitical conflicts. In addition to increasing production costs, these factors may compel manufacturers to postpone deliveries or temporarily cease operations. Moreover, unreliable raw material supply erodes consumer trust and makes it possible for other chemicals to take the place of formic acid in some applications. Stability and growth prospects in the market are still structurally threatened by long-term reliance on unstable feedstocks.
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the formic acid market in two ways: it temporarily slowed production and upset supply chains, but it also opened up new demand channels. Key end-use industries like textiles, leather, and rubber were impacted by lockdowns and restrictions, which decreased consumption. The need for formic acid as a feed preservative to sustain continuous livestock production, however, meant that the agricultural sector remained resilient. Its use in cleaning products and disinfectants was also increased by growing awareness of sanitation and hygiene. The market recovered owing to the post-pandemic recovery, resurgent industrial activity, and a global push for environmentally friendly chemical solutions.
The methyl formate hydrolysis segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The methyl formate hydrolysis segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period, because of its affordability, scalability, and appropriateness for industrial production on a large scale. This process effectively produces high-purity formic acid by hydrolyzing methyl formate, which is usually made from methanol and carbon monoxide. Large manufacturers around the world choose it because of its proven technology, low operating costs, and high conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the process's adaptability to different production capacities and the availability of methanol as a crucial feedstock reinforce its dominance. As the need for formic acid increases in the chemical, leather, textile, and agricultural sectors, methyl formate hydrolysis continues to be the main method of production worldwide.
The intermediary in pharmaceuticals & chemicals segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Over the forecast period, the intermediary in pharmaceuticals & chemicals segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate, driven by the rising need for high-purity chemicals in the production of specialty chemicals, fine chemicals, and advanced drugs. When creating agrochemicals, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other specialty compounds, formic acid is a useful intermediate and reducing agent. Its adoption is being fueled by the growth of the global pharmaceutical industry, the rise in biopharmaceutical R&D, and the move toward precision, high-quality chemical synthesis. Moreover, growth in this high-value application segment is also being accelerated by the growing need for efficient and sustainable chemical intermediates as well as stringent regulations that favor high-purity grades.
During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is expected to hold the largest market share, fueled by its robust industrial base, plentiful supply of raw materials, and strong demand from the textile, leather, rubber, and agricultural sectors. Large-scale livestock farming, low manufacturing costs, and thriving export-oriented leather and textile industries enable nations like China and India to dominate both production and consumption. The need for formic acid in the preservation of animal feed is also fueled by the region's expanding food production and growing population. Furthermore, government programs encouraging industrial expansion and large investments in manufacturing facilities have solidified Asia-Pacific's standing as the world's primary center for the production and end-use consumption of formic acid.
Over the forecast period, the North America region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR, driven by the growing need for high-purity, environmentally friendly chemicals in the cleaning, pharmaceutical, and agricultural sectors. Formic acid's acceptance as a safe preservative is being aided by the region's transition to sustainable farming methods and livestock feed free of antibiotics. Its future use is also being expanded by significant R&D investment in renewable energy applications, like hydrogen storage, as well as developments in bio-based production techniques. North America is now the region with the fastest-growing demand for formic acid due to regulatory frameworks that support environmentally friendly chemical solutions and the growing preference for biodegradable products.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players in Formic Acid Market include Junsei Chemical Co.,Ltd., Chongqing Chuandong Chemical (Group) Co., Ltd, Eastman Chemical Company, Noah Chemicals Corporation, Feicheng Acid Chemicals Co., Ltd, BASF SE, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Luxi Chemical Group Co.,Ltd., Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited, Perstorp AB, ChemCeed LLC, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, ProChem, Inc., Wego Chemical Group Inc. and RX Chemicals Inc.
In July 2025, BASF and Equinor have signed a long-term strategic agreement for the annual delivery of up to 23 terawatt hours of natural gas over a ten-year period. The contract secures a substantial share of BASF's natural gas needs in Europe.
In March 2025, Eastman Chemical Company entered into a severance agreement with Brad A. Lich, outlining severance benefits in the event of certain employment terminations. The agreement includes a $2 million cash severance payment and up to four months of healthcare coverage, contingent on compliance with restrictive covenants and a release of claims.
In March 2025, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. and KOKUKA Sangyo Co., Ltd. have signed a basic agreement for a long-term time charter contract and the supply of methanol fuel for a domestic methanol transport vessel. This vessel, with a gross tonnage of approximately 499 tons, will operate primarily on methanol, marking a significant step toward sustainable maritime transportation.
Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.