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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1797941

全球訂閱電動車市場:未來預測(至 2032 年)—按車輛類型、動力傳動系統、服務供應商、訂閱期限、最終用戶和地區進行分析

Subscription EV Market Forecasts to 2032 - Global Analysis By Vehicle Type, Drive Type (Battery Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles ), Service Provider, Subscription Duration, End User and By Geography

出版日期: | 出版商: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | 英文 200+ Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

根據 Stratistics MRC 的數據,全球訂閱電動車市場預計在 2025 年達到 28 億美元,到 2032 年將達到 152 億美元,預測期內的複合年成長率為 27.4%。

訂閱式電動車是一種靈活的汽車擁有模式,消費者透過每月定期支付包含保險、維護、登記和充電等福利的固定費用來使用電動車 (EV)。這種模式消除了購買或租賃的長期承諾,並滿足了消費者對便利性和成本可預測性不斷變化的偏好。受電動車普及率上升、永續性目標以及對靈活、全面的出行解決方案的需求推動,訂閱式電動車服務在都市區用戶、企業和車隊中越來越受歡迎。

電動車普及率的提高和政府獎勵

政府的獎勵,例如補貼、稅收減免和退稅,使電動車更加經濟實惠,對消費者更具吸引力,從而降低了擁有電動車的財務障礙。擴大充電基礎設施網路可以消除里程焦慮,進而增強消費者信心。這些政策措施創造了良好的生態系統,鼓勵消費者考慮電動車訂閱模式,將其作為傳統汽車所有權的靈活替代方案。此外,消費者環保意識的不斷增強與永續旅行解決方案相契合,為各個細分市場的電動車訂閱服務創造了強勁的需求動能。

電動車庫存有限和供應鏈問題

充電和維護通訊協定缺乏標準化,增加了營運成本,並使供應商的服務交付變得複雜。電池劣化會影響車輛性能和續航里程,這給必須管理客戶對電池容量劣化預期的訂閱服務帶來了獨特的挑戰。缺乏明確的行業標準導致服務提供者和用戶之間產生混淆,不同司法管轄區的監管合規差異也使市場運作變得複雜。這些限制限制了訂閱服務供應商有效擴展車隊規模和維持其產品系列服務品質一致性的能力。

與充電和能源即服務的整合

與可再生能源供應商建立策略夥伴關係,不僅可以提供更清潔的充電選擇,還能降低訂閱服務的營運成本。創新融資模式和富有創意的租賃協議的開發,使電動車訂閱服務更容易被不同的消費群體所接受。採用數據分析進行預測性維護和市場洞察,使供應商能夠預測客戶需求並最佳化車輛利用率,從而創造競爭優勢。此外,進軍電動車潛力尚未開發的新興市場,可以開闢新的收益來源;智慧城市計畫則為將車輛接入與綜合能源服務相結合的綜合出行解決方案創造了有利環境。

供應商營運成本高昂

與車輛維護、保險和車輛更換週期相關的高成本給服務提供者帶來了沉重的財務負擔。由於電動車電池價格昂貴且會隨著時間的推移而逐漸退化,電池更換和管理成本尤其令人頭痛。這些營運壓力限制了供應商實現永續盈利的能力,同時又難以維持具競爭力的定價結構,以吸引消費者選擇訂閱模式而非傳統的所有權模式。

COVID-19的影響:

新冠疫情加速了電動車訂閱模式的普及,消費者偏好轉向無需長期合約的彈性出行解決方案。電子商務和「最後一哩路」配送服務需求的不斷成長,推動了商用電動車訂閱量的成長,尤其是用於配送的二輪車和三輪車。然而,疫情擾亂了供應鏈和製造業務,造成庫存短缺,並限制了服務可用性。儘管初期遭遇挫折,但電動車市場展現出韌性并快速復甦,隨著消費者尋求符合社交距離要求、減少對共用公共交通系統依賴的非接觸式、衛生的交通途徑替代方案,訂閱模式越來越受歡迎。

預計乘用車市場將成為預測期內最大的市場

由於消費者對個人出行解決方案的偏好日益成長,預計乘用車細分市場將在預測期內佔據最大市場佔有率。該細分市場的成長歸因於都市區消費者希望在無需大量前期投資或長期擁有承諾的情況下獲得最新的汽車技術。此外,千禧世代和Z世代正在擺脫傳統的汽車擁有模式,轉而青睞靈活且便利的訂閱服務。此外,將保險、維護和其他服務捆綁到月付中,簡化了用戶體驗,並消除了與汽車擁有相關的複雜性,因此對尋求無憂交通途徑的都市區專業人士具有吸引力。

預計在預測期內,電池電動車 (BEV) 領域將以最高的複合年成長率成長。

由於消費者對個人出行解決方案的偏好日益成長,預計乘用車細分市場將在預測期內佔據最大市場佔有率。該細分市場的成長歸因於都市區消費者希望在無需大量前期投資或長期擁有承諾的情況下獲得最新的汽車技術。此外,千禧世代和Z世代正在擺脫傳統的汽車擁有模式,轉而青睞靈活且便利的訂閱服務。此外,將保險、維護和其他服務捆綁到月付中,簡化了用戶體驗,並消除了與汽車擁有相關的複雜性,因此對尋求無憂交通途徑的都市區專業人士具有吸引力。

佔比最大的地區:

隨著消費者擴大採用訂閱服務,預計歐洲將在預測期內佔據最大的市場佔有率。該地區先進的汽車市場、精通技術的人口以及政府對電動車的大力支持,正在推動對訂閱模式的巨大需求。此外,德國、英國和法國等國家憑藉先進的基礎設施和有利的法規環境,引領訂閱模式的採用,這些環境支援靈活的出行解決方案。電動車訂閱尤其受到青睞,歐洲電動車訂閱量已超過20萬輛,反映出人們日益增強的環保意識和扶持政策。

複合年成長率最高的地區:

隨著消費者擴大採用訂閱服務,預計歐洲將在預測期內佔據最大的市場佔有率。該地區先進的汽車市場、精通技術的人口以及政府對電動車的大力支持,極大地推動了訂閱模式的需求。此外,德國、英國和法國等國家憑藉先進的基礎設施和有利的法規環境,引領訂閱模式的採用,這些環境支援靈活的出行解決方案。電動車訂閱尤其受歡迎,歐洲各地的電動車訂閱量已超過20萬輛,反映出人們日益增強的環保意識和扶持政策。

驅動系統:

  • 純電動車(BEV)
  • 插電式混合動力汽車(PHEV)
  • 混合動力汽車(HEV)

免費客製化服務

此報告的訂閱者可以從以下免費自訂選項中選擇一項:

  • 公司簡介
    • 對最多三家其他公司進行全面分析
    • 主要企業的SWOT分析(最多3家公司)
  • 區域分類
    • 根據客戶興趣對主要國家進行的市場估計、預測和複合年成長率(註:基於可行性檢查)
  • 競爭基準化分析
    • 根據產品系列、地理分佈和策略聯盟對主要企業基準化分析

目錄

第1章執行摘要

第 2 章 簡介

  • 概述
  • 相關利益者
  • 分析範圍
  • 分析方法
    • 資料探勘
    • 數據分析
    • 數據檢驗
    • 分析方法
  • 分析材料
    • 主要研究資料
    • 二手研究資訊來源
    • 先決條件

第3章市場走勢分析

  • 驅動程式
  • 抑制因素
  • 市場機會
  • 威脅
  • 最終用戶分析
  • 新興市場
  • COVID-19的感染疾病

第4章 波特五力分析

  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 買方議價能力
  • 替代產品的威脅
  • 新參與企業的威脅
  • 企業之間的競爭

第5章 全球訂閱電動車市場(按車型)

  • 搭乘用車
  • 商用車

第6章 全球訂閱電動車市場(按驅動系統)

  • 純電動車(BEV)
  • 插電式混合動力汽車(PHEV)
  • 混合動力汽車(HEV)

7. 全球電動車訂閱市場(依服務供應商分類)

  • OEM(目的地設備製造商)
  • 第三方提供者
  • 出行即服務(MaaS) 供應商

8. 全球電動車訂閱市場(依訂閱期限分類)

  • 短期(1-6個月)
  • 中期(6-12個月)
  • 長期(12個月或以上)

9. 全球電動車訂閱市場(依最終用戶分類)

  • 個人
  • 公司車輛
  • 汽車租賃公司
  • 政府/公共部門

第 10 章:全球訂閱電動車市場(按地區)

  • 北美洲
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 義大利
    • 法國
    • 西班牙
    • 其他歐洲國家
  • 亞太地區
    • 日本
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 澳洲
    • 紐西蘭
    • 韓國
    • 其他亞太地區
  • 南美洲
    • 阿根廷
    • 巴西
    • 智利
    • 南美洲其他地區
  • 中東和非洲
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 卡達
    • 南非
    • 其他中東和非洲地區

第11章:主要趨勢

  • 合約、商業夥伴關係和合資企業
  • 企業合併與收購(M&A)
  • 新產品發布
  • 業務擴展
  • 其他關鍵策略

第12章 公司概況

  • Ayvens
  • Hyundai
  • Mercedes-Benz
  • Volvo
  • BMW
  • Volkswagen
  • General Motors
  • Tesla
  • Nio
  • Stellantis
  • Orix
  • Autonomy
  • Hertz
  • Sixt+
  • MoEVing
Product Code: SMRC30311

According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Subscription EV Market is accounted for $2.8 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach $15.2 billion by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 27.4% during the forecast period. Subscription EV refers to a flexible vehicle ownership model where consumers access electric vehicles (EVs) through a recurring monthly fee, typically inclusive of insurance, maintenance, registration, and charging benefits. This model eliminates the long-term commitment of buying or leasing, catering to evolving consumer preferences for convenience and cost predictability. Subscription EV services are gaining traction among urban users, businesses, and fleets, driven by rising EV adoption, sustainability goals, and the demand for adaptable, all-inclusive mobility solutions.

Market Dynamics:

Driver:

Rising EV adoption & government incentives

Government incentives such as subsidies, tax benefits, and rebates make electric vehicles more affordable and attractive to consumers, thereby reducing the financial barriers associated with EV ownership. The expansion of charging infrastructure networks enhances consumer confidence by addressing range anxiety concerns. These policy measures create a favorable ecosystem that encourages consumers to explore EV subscription models as a flexible alternative to traditional ownership. Additionally, rising environmental consciousness among consumers aligns with sustainable mobility solutions, creating strong demand momentum for subscription-based electric vehicle services across various market segments.

Restraint:

Limited EV inventory & supply chain issues

Insufficient standardization in charging and maintenance protocols increases operational costs and complicates service delivery for providers. Battery degradation over time affects vehicle performance and range, creating unique challenges for subscription services that must manage customer expectations regarding deteriorating battery capacity. The lack of clear industry standards causes confusion among service providers and subscribers alike, while regulatory compliance variations across different jurisdictions add complexity to market operations. These constraints limit the ability of subscription providers to scale their fleets effectively and maintain consistent service quality across their offerings.

Opportunity:

Integration with charging & energy-as-a-service

Strategic partnerships with renewable energy providers enable cleaner charging options while reducing operational costs for subscription services. The development of innovative financing models and creative leasing arrangements makes EV subscriptions more accessible to diverse consumer segments. Data analytics implementation for predictive maintenance and market insights provides competitive advantages by enabling providers to anticipate customer needs and optimize vehicle utilization. Additionally, expansion into emerging markets with untapped EV potential opens new revenue streams, while smart city initiatives create supportive environments for integrated mobility solutions that combine vehicle access with comprehensive energy services.

Threat:

High operating costs for providers

The high costs associated with fleet maintenance, insurance coverage, and vehicle replacement cycles create substantial financial burdens for service providers. Battery replacement and management costs represent particular challenges given the expensive nature of EV batteries and their gradual performance degradation over time. These operational pressures limit the ability of providers to achieve sustainable profitability while maintaining competitive pricing structures that attract consumers to subscription models over traditional ownership alternatives.

Covid-19 Impact:

The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated adoption of subscription EV models by shifting consumer preferences toward flexible mobility solutions without long-term commitments. Increased demand for e-commerce and last-mile delivery services drove growth in commercial EV subscriptions, particularly for two-wheelers and three-wheelers in delivery applications. However, the pandemic also disrupted supply chains and manufacturing operations, creating inventory shortages that limited service availability. Despite initial setbacks, the EV market demonstrated resilience and rapid recovery, with subscription models gaining traction as consumers sought contactless, hygienic transportation alternatives that aligned with social distancing requirements and reduced reliance on shared public transportation systems.

The passenger vehicles segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period

The passenger vehicles segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period, driven by increasing consumer preference for personal mobility solutions. This segment's growth stems from urban consumers' desire to access the latest automotive technology without substantial upfront investments or long-term ownership commitments. Furthermore, millennials and Gen Z demographics are moving away from traditional car ownership models, embracing subscription services that offer flexibility and convenience. Additionally, the bundling of insurance, maintenance, and other services into monthly payments simplifies the user experience and eliminates the complexities associated with vehicle ownership, making it attractive to urban professionals seeking hassle-free transportation solutions.

The battery electric vehicles (BEVs) segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period

The passenger vehicles segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period, driven by increasing consumer preference for personal mobility solutions. This segment's growth stems from urban consumers' desire to access the latest automotive technology without substantial upfront investments or long-term ownership commitments. Furthermore, millennials and Gen Z demographics are moving away from traditional car ownership models, embracing subscription services that offer flexibility and convenience. Additionally, the bundling of insurance, maintenance, and other services into monthly payments simplifies the user experience and eliminates the complexities associated with vehicle ownership, making it attractive to urban professionals seeking hassle-free transportation solutions.

Region with largest share:

During the forecast period, the Europe region is expected to hold the largest market share as consumers increasingly adopt subscription services. The region's advanced automotive markets, tech-savvy populations, and strong governmental support for electromobility drive substantial demand for subscription models. Furthermore, countries like Germany, the United Kingdom, and France lead adoption with sophisticated infrastructure and favorable regulatory environments that support flexible mobility solutions. Electric vehicle subscriptions have gained particular traction, with over 200,000 EVs under subscription across Europe, reflecting growing environmental consciousness and supportive policies.

Region with highest CAGR:

During the forecast period, the Europe region is expected to hold the largest market share as consumers increasingly adopt subscription services. The region's advanced automotive markets, tech-savvy populations, and strong governmental support for electromobility drive substantial demand for subscription models. Furthermore, countries like Germany, the United Kingdom, and France lead adoption with sophisticated infrastructure and favorable regulatory environments that support flexible mobility solutions. Electric vehicle subscriptions have gained particular traction, with over 200,000 EVs under subscription across Europe, reflecting growing environmental consciousness and supportive policies.

Key players in the market

Some of the key players in Subscription EV Market include Ayvens, Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, BMW, Volkswagen, General Motors, Tesla, Nio, Stellantis, ORIX, Autonomy, Hertz, Sixt+, and MoEVing.

Key Developments:

In May 2025, Stellantis signed a framework agreement with car subscription platform FINN for 2025, including an initial order for 5,300 vehicles across several Stellantis brands. The partnership offers vehicles in various powertrains including fully electric versions, with new models like the Opel Grandland and fully electric Opel Frontera available through subscription from market launch.

In April 2025, Ayvens extended its partnership with BYD to provide full-service leasing services for electric vehicles in Greece, Hungary, Portugal, Finland, Ireland, Romania, and Sweden. The partnership brings the total number of participating European countries to eleven.

In February 2024, Ayvens signed a MoU with BYD to support the distribution of electric passenger cars and light commercial vehicles in Europe, positioning it as a major player in electric vehicle mobility and fleet management.

Vehicle Types Covered:

  • Passenger Vehicles
  • Commercial Vehicles

Drive Types:

  • Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
  • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

Service Providers Covered:

  • OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)
  • Third-Party Providers
  • Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Providers

Subscription Durations Covered:

  • Short-Term (1-6 Months)
  • Mid-Term (6-12 Months)
  • Long-Term (>12 Months)

End Users Covered:

  • Individuals
  • Corporate Fleets
  • Car Rental Companies
  • Government/Public Sector

Regions Covered:

  • North America
    • US
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • Italy
    • France
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Australia
    • New Zealand
    • South Korea
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • South America
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Qatar
    • South Africa
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa

What our report offers:

  • Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
  • Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
  • Covers Market data for the years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2028, and 2032
  • Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
  • Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
  • Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
  • Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
  • Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements

Free Customization Offerings:

All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:

  • Company Profiling
    • Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
    • SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
  • Regional Segmentation
    • Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
  • Competitive Benchmarking
    • Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Preface

  • 2.1 Abstract
  • 2.2 Stake Holders
  • 2.3 Research Scope
  • 2.4 Research Methodology
    • 2.4.1 Data Mining
    • 2.4.2 Data Analysis
    • 2.4.3 Data Validation
    • 2.4.4 Research Approach
  • 2.5 Research Sources
    • 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
    • 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
    • 2.5.3 Assumptions

3 Market Trend Analysis

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Drivers
  • 3.3 Restraints
  • 3.4 Opportunities
  • 3.5 Threats
  • 3.6 End User Analysis
  • 3.7 Emerging Markets
  • 3.8 Impact of Covid-19

4 Porters Five Force Analysis

  • 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 4.3 Threat of substitutes
  • 4.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 4.5 Competitive rivalry

5 Global Subscription EV Market, By Vehicle Type

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Passenger Vehicles
  • 5.3 Commercial Vehicles

6 Global Subscription EV Market, By Drive Type

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
  • 6.3 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
  • 6.4 Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

7 Global Subscription EV Market, By Service Provider

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)
  • 7.3 Third-Party Providers
  • 7.4 Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Providers

8 Global Subscription EV Market, By Subscription Duration

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Short-Term (1-6 Months)
  • 8.3 Mid-Term (6-12 Months)
  • 8.4 Long-Term (>12 Months)

9 Global Subscription EV Market, By End User

  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Individuals
  • 9.3 Corporate Fleets
  • 9.4 Car Rental Companies
  • 9.5 Government/Public Sector

10 Global Subscription EV Market, By Geography

  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 North America
    • 10.2.1 US
    • 10.2.2 Canada
    • 10.2.3 Mexico
  • 10.3 Europe
    • 10.3.1 Germany
    • 10.3.2 UK
    • 10.3.3 Italy
    • 10.3.4 France
    • 10.3.5 Spain
    • 10.3.6 Rest of Europe
  • 10.4 Asia Pacific
    • 10.4.1 Japan
    • 10.4.2 China
    • 10.4.3 India
    • 10.4.4 Australia
    • 10.4.5 New Zealand
    • 10.4.6 South Korea
    • 10.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
  • 10.5 South America
    • 10.5.1 Argentina
    • 10.5.2 Brazil
    • 10.5.3 Chile
    • 10.5.4 Rest of South America
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa
    • 10.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 10.6.2 UAE
    • 10.6.3 Qatar
    • 10.6.4 South Africa
    • 10.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa

11 Key Developments

  • 11.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
  • 11.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
  • 11.3 New Product Launch
  • 11.4 Expansions
  • 11.5 Other Key Strategies

12 Company Profiling

  • 12.1 Ayvens
  • 12.2 Hyundai
  • 12.3 Mercedes-Benz
  • 12.4 Volvo
  • 12.5 BMW
  • 12.6 Volkswagen
  • 12.7 General Motors
  • 12.8 Tesla
  • 12.9 Nio
  • 12.10 Stellantis
  • 12.11 Orix
  • 12.12 Autonomy
  • 12.13 Hertz
  • 12.14 Sixt+
  • 12.15 MoEVing

List of Tables

  • Table 1 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Region (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 2 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Vehicle Type (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 3 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Passenger Vehicles (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 4 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Commercial Vehicles (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 5 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Drive Type (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 6 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 7 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 8 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 9 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Service Provider (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 10 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 11 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Third-Party Providers (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 12 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Providers (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 13 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Subscription Duration (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 14 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Short-Term (1-6 Months) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 15 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Mid-Term (6-12 Months) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 16 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Long-Term (>12 Months) (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 17 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By End User (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 18 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Individuals (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 19 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Corporate Fleets (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 20 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Car Rental Companies (2024-2032) ($MN)
  • Table 21 Global Subscription EV Market Outlook, By Government/Public Sector (2024-2032) ($MN)

Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.