封面
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1438203

到 2030 年危險物品包裝市場預測:按產品類型、材質類型、類別、最終用戶和地區進行的全球分析

Hazmat Packaging Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Product Type (Drums and Pails, Intermediate Bulk Containers, Cartons, Boxes, Canes, Flexi Tanks, Bottles and Other Product Types), Material Type, Class, End User and by Geography

出版日期: | 出版商: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | 英文 200+ Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

根據Stratistics MRC預測,2023年全球危險物質包裝市場規模將達140.4億美元,預計2030年將達到350.9億美元,預測期內年複合成長率為13.98%。

危險材料包裝或「危險品」包裝對於確保危險物質的安全遏制和運輸至關重要。這些物質涵蓋了可能對環境和公共健康構成風險的多種物質,包括化學物質、生技藥品和易燃液體。

根據國際航空運輸協會 (IATA) 的說法,危險物質的正確標籤和記錄是確保安全可靠的航空運輸的關鍵要素。

對永續性的興趣日益濃厚

世界各地對永續性的日益關注為危險材料包裝行業提供了機會。對環境影響較小的環保包裝選擇的市場正在不斷成長。此外,製造商可以透過資助環保包裝材料的生產、支持回收計劃以及在整個生產和分銷過程中實施環保程序來從這一趨勢中受益。

包裝規格標準化不夠

一個主要限制是危險品包裝法規在全球尚未標準化。各國和地區的法規各不相同,因此很難設計和製造符合所有適用要求的危險材料包裝。此外,這種缺乏協調性迫使製造商針對不同市場修改包裝解決方案,增加了複雜性和成本。

環保包裝的發展

隨著全球範圍內對永續性的日益關注,危險材料包裝產業存在著巨大的機會。永續包裝創新可以解決環境問題,同時滿足對環保產品和實踐日益成長的需求。此外,製造商可以分配資源進行研發,生產不僅符合安全標準,而且更具永續並支持循環經濟的包裝。

原料成本上漲

危險品包裝用品通常包含專用零件,其成本可能會有所不同。對於包裝材料生產商來說,金屬和聚合物等原料價格上漲會對生產成本產生重大影響。此外,原料價格的波動給報酬率帶來壓力,特別是對於價格敏感度至關重要的競爭激烈行業的公司。

COVID-19 的影響:

COVID-19的爆發為危險墊包裝市場帶來了各種機會和挑戰。一方面,由於全球供應鏈中斷、勞動力短缺以及日益嚴重的健康和安全問題,危險墊包裝製造商面臨營運挑戰。此外,對安全預防措施的日益關注也推動了某些市場的需求,例如對藥品和醫療用品的安全合法包裝的要求。然而,隨著產業生產水準的變化和應對經濟不確定性,整個市場出現了波動。

中型散裝貨櫃(IBC)領域預計將在預測期內成為最大的領域

中型散貨箱(IBC)預計將佔據最大佔有率。 IBC 是耐用、適應性強的容器,用於儲存或運輸含有危險物質的散裝液體和粉末。易於操作、嚴格遵守安全規定以及最大限度地利用可用空間是其受歡迎的主要原因。此外,與圓桶和提桶相比,中型散裝容器通常具有更大的容量,使其成為需要運輸大量危險材料的行業的理想選擇。

預計製藥領域在預測期內年複合成長率最高。

由於嚴格的法規以及對危險和敏感貨物安全運輸的迫切需求,預計製藥業將在危險包裝市場中擁有最高的年複合成長率。藥品通常被歸類為危險品,因此需要特定的包裝解決方案以符合安全標準和法規。然而,隨著業界繼續專注於研究、開發和生產,對確保藥品在運輸過程中完整性的危險材料包裝的需求不斷成長。

比例最高的地區:

預計北美將佔據危險材料包裝市場的最大佔有率。這項優勢歸功於管理危險物質運輸的嚴格法律體制,特別是在美國和加拿大。該地區強大的工業基礎設施以及不斷增強的環境和安全意識刺激了對專業危險材料包裝解決方案的需求。此外,北美的石油和天然氣、化學和製藥業都在擴大市場方面發揮著重要作用。

年複合成長率最高的地區:

亞太地區的年複合成長率最高。該地區充滿活力的工業格局、快速的經濟成長以及與製造業、化學品和製藥相關的危險材料運輸的增加是這一成長的主要驅動力。此外,中國和印度等國家對製造、基礎設施和物流的投資不斷增加,正在推動對危險材料包裝解決方案的需求。

提供免費客製化:

訂閱此報告的客戶可以存取以下免費自訂選項之一:

  • 公司簡介
    • 其他市場參與者的綜合分析(最多 3 家公司)
    • 主要企業SWOT分析(最多3家企業)
  • 區域分割
    • 根據客戶興趣對主要國家的市場估計、預測和年複合成長率(註:基於可行性檢查)
  • 競爭基準化分析
    • 根據產品系列、地理分佈和策略聯盟對主要企業基準化分析

目錄

第1章執行摘要

第2章 前言

  • 概述
  • 相關利益者
  • 調查範圍
  • 調查方法
    • 資料探勘
    • 資料分析
    • 資料檢驗
    • 研究途徑
  • 調查來源
    • 主要調查來源
    • 二次調查來源
    • 先決條件

第3章市場趨勢分析

  • 促進因素
  • 抑制因素
  • 機會
  • 威脅
  • 產品分析
  • 最終用戶分析
  • 新興市場
  • 新型冠狀病毒感染疾病(COVID-19)的影響

第4章波特五力分析

  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 買方議價能力
  • 替代品的威脅
  • 新進入者的威脅
  • 競爭對手之間存在敵對關係

第5章全球危險物品包裝市場:依產品類型

  • 鼓和桶
  • 中型散貨箱(IBC)
  • 紙盒
  • 盒子
  • 甘蔗
  • 軟性罐
  • 瓶子
  • 其他產品類型

第6章全球危險物品包裝市場:依材質類型

  • 塑膠
  • 金屬
  • 纖維
  • 紙板
  • 其他材質類型

第7章全球危險物品包裝市場:依類別

  • 炸藥
  • 易燃和可燃液體
  • 易燃固體
  • 氧化性物質和有機過氧化物
  • 有毒和傳染性物質
  • 放射性物質
  • 腐蝕劑
  • 其他危險品
  • 其他類

第8章全球危險物品包裝市場:依最終用戶分類

  • 化學品和石化產品
  • 藥品
  • 油和氣
  • 油漆和染料
  • 貨運和物流
  • 潤滑劑
  • 農業和園藝
  • 其他最終用戶

第9章全球危險物品包裝市場:按地區

  • 北美洲
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 義大利
    • 法國
    • 西班牙
    • 其他歐洲國家
  • 亞太地區
    • 日本
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 澳洲
    • 紐西蘭
    • 韓國
    • 其他亞太地區
  • 南美洲
    • 阿根廷
    • 巴西
    • 智利
    • 南美洲其他地區
  • 中東和非洲
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 卡達
    • 南非
    • 其他中東和非洲

第10章 主要進展

  • 合約、夥伴關係、協作和合資企業
  • 收購和合併
  • 新產品發布
  • 業務擴展
  • 其他關鍵策略

第11章 公司簡介

  • Mauser Group BV
  • Great Western Containers Inc
  • Eagle Manufacturing Company
  • Greif, Inc.
  • Fibrestar Drums Limited
  • Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd.
  • Meyer Steel Drum, Inc.
  • Thielmann US LLC
  • Peninsula Drums
  • Clouds Drums Dubai LLC
  • Hoover Ferguson Group Inc.
  • Schtz GmbH & Co. KGaA
  • Myers Container
  • Sicagen India Ltd
  • Milford Barrel Company
Product Code: SMRC25172

According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Hazmat Packaging Market is accounted for $14.04 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach $35.09 billion by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 13.98% during the forecast period. Hazardous materials packaging, or "hazmat" packaging, is essential to guaranteeing the secure containment and transportation of hazardous materials. These materials cover a broad spectrum of substances that may be hazardous to the environment and public health, such as chemicals, biological agents, and flammable liquids.

According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the proper labelling and documentation of hazardous materials are crucial elements in ensuring the safe and secure transportation of goods by air.

Market Dynamics:

Driver:

Growing attention to sustainability

The growing emphasis on sustainability across the globe presents an opportunity for the hazmat packaging industry. The market for environmentally friendly packaging options with low environmental impact is growing. Additionally, by funding the creation of environmentally friendly packaging materials, supporting recycling programs, and implementing eco-friendly procedures throughout the production and distribution processes, manufacturers can profit from this trend.

Restraint:

Inadequate standardization of packaging specifications

One major limitation is the lack of globally standardized packaging regulations for hazardous materials. Different countries and regions have different regulations, which makes it difficult to design and produce hazmat packaging that complies with all applicable requirements. Furthermore, manufacturers must modify their packaging solutions for various markets due to this lack of harmonization, which raises complexity and costs.

Opportunity:

Developments in eco-friendly packaging

An enormous opportunity exists for the hazmat packaging industry due to the growing emphasis on sustainability on a global scale. Sustainable packaging innovations can both solve environmental issues and meet the growing demand for environmentally friendly products and practices. Moreover, in order to produce packaging materials that not only adheres to safety standards but also support a more sustainable and circular economy, manufacturers can allocate resources to research and development.

Threat:

Increasing raw material costs

Hazmat packing supplies frequently contain specialty parts, the cost of which can fluctuate. For producers of packaging, growing prices for raw materials like metals and polymers can have a big effect on production costs. Additionally, material price fluctuations can put pressure on profit margins and present difficulties for businesses, especially those in highly competitive industries where price sensitivity is paramount.

Covid-19 Impact:

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a range of opportunities and challenges for the hazmat packaging market. On the one hand, hazmat packaging manufacturers have faced operational challenges due to disruptions in global supply chains, labor shortages, and increased health and safety concerns. Furthermore, demand in particular markets has been driven by an increased focus on safety precautions, including the requirement for safe and legal packaging for pharmaceuticals and medical supplies. Nevertheless, as industries changed their production levels and dealt with economic uncertainty, the market as a whole saw swings.

The Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period

Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) are projected to hold the largest share. IBCs are strong, adaptable containers made for bulk liquids and powders, including hazardous materials that need to be stored and transported. Their ease of handling, strict adherence to safety regulations, and effectiveness in maximizing available space are the main reasons for their popularity. Moreover, when compared to drums and pails, IBCs usually have a larger capacity, which makes them ideal for industries that need to transport hazardous materials in bulk.

The Pharmaceuticals segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period

Due to strict regulations and the urgent need for safe transportation of hazardous and sensitive materials, the pharmaceutical industry is predicted to have the highest CAGR in the hazmat packaging market. Pharmaceutical products require specific packaging solutions in order to comply with safety standards and regulations, as they are frequently classified as hazardous materials. However, due to the industry's ongoing emphasis on R&D and production, there is a growing need for hazmat packaging, which ensures the integrity of medications while in transit.

Region with largest share:

It is anticipated that North America will hold the largest share of the market for hazardous packaging. The strict legal frameworks that control the transportation of hazardous materials, mainly in the US and Canada, are to blame for this dominance. The region's strong industrial infrastructure and growing environmental and safety consciousness fuel the need for specialized hazmat packaging solutions. Furthermore, the North American oil and gas, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries all play a major role in the market's expansion.

Region with highest CAGR:

The Asia-Pacific region has shown the highest CAGR. The region's dynamic industrial landscape, quick economic growth, and rise in hazardous material transportation related to manufacturing, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals are the main drivers of this growth. Moreover, the demand for hazmat packaging solutions is rising as a result of growing investments in manufacturing, infrastructure, and logistics in nations like China and India.

Key players in the market

Some of the key players in Hazmat Packaging market include Mauser Group B.V., Great Western Containers Inc, Eagle Manufacturing Company, Greif, Inc., Fibrestar Drums Limited, Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd., Meyer Steel Drum, Inc., Thielmann US LLC, Peninsula Drums, Clouds Drums Dubai LLC, Hoover Ferguson Group Inc., Schtz GmbH & Co. KGaA, Myers Container, Sicagen India Ltd and Milford Barrel Company.

Key Developments:

In December 2023, Eagle Materials Inc. announced that they have entered into exclusive agreements with Terra CO2, a producer of a scalable low-carbon supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for the potential deployment of multiple eco-friendly, low-carbon cementitious commercial-scale plants that would service three different geographic areas, including the Greater Denver market.

In October 2023, Greif, Inc., a global leader in industrial packaging products and services, announced today that it has entered into exclusive negotiations to acquire I PACKCHEM Group SAS, a global leader in premium barrier and non-barrier jerrycans and small plastic containers, from an affiliate of SK Capital Partners, in a cash transaction valued at $538 million.

In April 2023, Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) for utilising storage and warehousing space of CWC for providing cold chain logistics, general warehousing and other ancillary services. This would be valid for a period of ten years from the date of signing MoU.

Product Types Covered:

  • Drums and Pails
  • Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs)
  • Cartons
  • Boxes
  • Canes
  • Flexi Tanks
  • Bottles
  • Other Product Types

Material Types Covered:

  • Plastics
  • Metal
  • Fiber
  • Corrugated Paper
  • Other Material Types

Classes Covered:

  • Explosives
  • Flammable and Combustible Liquids
  • Flammable Solids
  • Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides
  • Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances
  • Radioactive Materials
  • Corrosives
  • Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
  • Other Classes

End Users Covered:

  • Chemicals and Petrochemicals
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Oil and Gas
  • Paints and Dyes
  • Freight and Logistics
  • Automotive
  • Lubricants
  • Agriculture and Horticulture
  • Other End Users

Regions Covered:

  • North America
    • US
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • Italy
    • France
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Australia
    • New Zealand
    • South Korea
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • South America
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Qatar
    • South Africa
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa

What our report offers:

  • Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
  • Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
  • Covers Market data for the years 2021, 2022, 2023, 2026, and 2030
  • Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
  • Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
  • Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
  • Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
  • Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements

Free Customization Offerings:

All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:

  • Company Profiling
    • Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
    • SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
  • Regional Segmentation
    • Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
  • Competitive Benchmarking
    • Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Preface

  • 2.1 Abstract
  • 2.2 Stake Holders
  • 2.3 Research Scope
  • 2.4 Research Methodology
    • 2.4.1 Data Mining
    • 2.4.2 Data Analysis
    • 2.4.3 Data Validation
    • 2.4.4 Research Approach
  • 2.5 Research Sources
    • 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
    • 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
    • 2.5.3 Assumptions

3 Market Trend Analysis

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Drivers
  • 3.3 Restraints
  • 3.4 Opportunities
  • 3.5 Threats
  • 3.6 Product Analysis
  • 3.7 End User Analysis
  • 3.8 Emerging Markets
  • 3.9 Impact of Covid-19

4 Porters Five Force Analysis

  • 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 4.3 Threat of substitutes
  • 4.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 4.5 Competitive rivalry

5 Global Hazmat Packaging Market, By Product Type

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Drums and Pails
  • 5.3 Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs)
  • 5.4 Cartons
  • 5.5 Boxes
  • 5.6 Canes
  • 5.7 Flexi Tanks
  • 5.8 Bottles
  • 5.9 Other Product Types

6 Global Hazmat Packaging Market, By Material Type

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Plastics
  • 6.3 Metal
  • 6.4 Fiber
  • 6.5 Corrugated Paper
  • 6.6 Other Material Types

7 Global Hazmat Packaging Market, By Class

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Explosives
  • 7.3 Flammable and Combustible Liquids
  • 7.4 Flammable Solids
  • 7.5 Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides
  • 7.6 Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances
  • 7.7 Radioactive Materials
  • 7.8 Corrosives
  • 7.9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
  • 7.10 Other Classes

8 Global Hazmat Packaging Market, By End User

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Chemicals and Petrochemicals
  • 8.3 Pharmaceuticals
  • 8.4 Oil and Gas
  • 8.5 Paints and Dyes
  • 8.6 Freight and Logistics
  • 8.7 Automotive
  • 8.8 Lubricants
  • 8.9 Agriculture and Horticulture
  • 8.10 Other End Users

9 Global Hazmat Packaging Market, By Geography

  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 North America
    • 9.2.1 US
    • 9.2.2 Canada
    • 9.2.3 Mexico
  • 9.3 Europe
    • 9.3.1 Germany
    • 9.3.2 UK
    • 9.3.3 Italy
    • 9.3.4 France
    • 9.3.5 Spain
    • 9.3.6 Rest of Europe
  • 9.4 Asia Pacific
    • 9.4.1 Japan
    • 9.4.2 China
    • 9.4.3 India
    • 9.4.4 Australia
    • 9.4.5 New Zealand
    • 9.4.6 South Korea
    • 9.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
  • 9.5 South America
    • 9.5.1 Argentina
    • 9.5.2 Brazil
    • 9.5.3 Chile
    • 9.5.4 Rest of South America
  • 9.6 Middle East & Africa
    • 9.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 9.6.2 UAE
    • 9.6.3 Qatar
    • 9.6.4 South Africa
    • 9.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa

10 Key Developments

  • 10.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
  • 10.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
  • 10.3 New Product Launch
  • 10.4 Expansions
  • 10.5 Other Key Strategies

11 Company Profiling

  • 11.1 Mauser Group B.V.
  • 11.2 Great Western Containers Inc
  • 11.3 Eagle Manufacturing Company
  • 11.4 Greif, Inc.
  • 11.5 Fibrestar Drums Limited
  • 11.6 Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd.
  • 11.7 Meyer Steel Drum, Inc.
  • 11.8 Thielmann US LLC
  • 11.9 Peninsula Drums
  • 11.10 Clouds Drums Dubai LLC
  • 11.11 Hoover Ferguson Group Inc.
  • 11.12 Schtz GmbH & Co. KGaA
  • 11.13 Myers Container
  • 11.14 Sicagen India Ltd
  • 11.15 Milford Barrel Company

List of Tables

  • Table 1 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Region (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 2 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Product Type (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 3 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Drums and Pails (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 4 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 5 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Cartons (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 6 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Boxes (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 7 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Canes (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 8 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Flexi Tanks (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 9 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Bottles (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 10 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Other Product Types (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 11 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Material Type (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 12 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Plastics (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 13 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Metal (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 14 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Fiber (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 15 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Corrugated Paper (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 16 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Other Material Types (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 17 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Class (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 18 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Explosives (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 19 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Flammable and Combustible Liquids (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 20 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Flammable Solids (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 21 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 22 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 23 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Radioactive Materials (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 24 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Corrosives (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 25 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 26 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Other Classes (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 27 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By End User (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 28 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Chemicals and Petrochemicals (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 29 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Pharmaceuticals (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 30 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Oil and Gas (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 31 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Paints and Dyes (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 32 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Freight and Logistics (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 33 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Automotive (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 34 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Lubricants (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 35 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Agriculture and Horticulture (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 36 Global Hazmat Packaging Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2021-2030) ($MN)

Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.