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1308656

到 2030 年鐵液流電池的全球市場預測 - 按電池類型、類型、材料、電解質、部署、應用和地區進行的全球分析

Iron Flow Battery Market Forecasts to 2030 - Global Analysis By Battery Type, Type, Material, Electrolyte, Deployment, Application and By Geography
出版日期: | 出版商: Stratistics Market Research Consulting | 英文 175+ Pages | 商品交期: 2-3個工作天內

價格

據Stratistics MRC預測，2023年全球鐵液流電池市場規模將達到3.3387億美元，預計在預測期內復合年增長率為27%，到2030年將達到17.7911億美元。

鐵液流電池，也稱為氧化還原液流電池，是一種將能量存儲在液體電解質罐中的電化學裝置。由於它不燃燒、不爆炸、不釋放有毒氣體，因此被廣泛使用。鐵液流電池已被許多行業採用，包括商業、軍事和廣播部門，但最常用於家庭和電動汽車。鐵基材料的低成本和環境友好性使此類液流電池成為大規模儲能的有吸引力的選擇。

根據 Benchmark Mineral Intelligence Worldwide 的數據，電池行業對鈷的需求在過去五年中增加了兩倍，預計到 2020 年將至少再增加一倍。

市場動態：

促進者

公用事業部門越來越多地使用鐵液流電池

由於電氣化需求的不斷增加，液流電池在公用事業領域得到廣泛應用。支持市場增長的電池儲能係統需求的主要驅動力之一是太陽能和風能等可再生能源的使用不斷增加。鑑於大型公用事業公司需要能夠經濟高效地在任何地方存儲可再生能源以供未來電網使用的解決方案，液流電池提供了有吸引力的功能和基於公用事業的存儲。已成為首選的儲能技術

抑製劑

製造業投資高

鐵液流電池作為鋰離子電池、鉛腐蝕電池和鈉基電池等普通電池的潛在替代品的探索已經進行了很長時間，但液流電池的高成本是市場增長的重大製約因素.可能是一個因素。鐵液流電池的總體成本包括資本支出、零部件支出、材料支出、搭建支出以及維修和保養支出。對於小企業來說，這是一項艱鉅的任務。

機會：

數據中心電力需求增加

數據中心不斷增長的電力需求對電力公司來說非常重要。據美國能源部統計，2020年數據中心年均能耗為200-1000TWh。預計未來幾年能源消耗將會增加。數據中心能源消耗的增加引起了人們對成本、環境和可擴展性的擔憂。因此，有必要引入負擔得起且節能的替代方案來維護數據中心。

威脅

缺乏標準化

鐵液流電池缺乏標準化，因為沒有一種類型被普遍接受。由於缺乏標準，生產商很難製造出在當前系統中工作的鐵液流電池。這些方面限制了市場的增長。

COVID-19 的影響：

COVID-19疫情對鐵液流電池市場產生了多方面的影響。由於 COVID-19 大流行，2020 年許多項目中液流電池的安裝量有所減少。此外，全球製造工廠的關閉正在影響市場擴張。然而，由於政府努力實現電力行業現代化，預計這些電池的全球採用率將會增加。

在預測期內，公用設施部門預計將是最大的：

在預測期內，公用設施領域在鐵液流電池市場中佔據主導地位，因為鐵液流電池廣泛用於公用設施以支持可再生能源。電氣化需求的不斷增長正在推動公用事業部門越來越多地採用液流電池。此外，隨著網絡越來越多地使用綠色能源，對高效、適應性強和持久的能源容量安排的需求不斷增加。

預計 150kW 細分市場在預測期內的複合年增長率最高：

預計 150 kW 細分市場在預測期內復合年增長率最高。150 kW 鐵液流電池使用鐵和電解質來存儲和釋放能量。該電池的儲能容量為150千瓦，可用於為建築物和商業設施供電。鐵液流電池的使用壽命長達 20 年，是一種耐用的長期儲能選擇。與傳統鉛酸電池相比，它可提供更高的輸出且效率顯著提高。

市場佔有率最高的地區

由於對存儲可再生能源的儲能係統的需求不斷增長以及對電網穩定性的日益重視，北美鐵液流電池市場預計將成為最大的市場。鐵液流電池正在廣泛應用於電網規模固定存儲、微電網固定存儲和固定存儲等各種應用中。由於鐵液流電池市場開發投資的增加以及對長期儲能解決方案的需求不斷增長，預計該市場還將增長。

複合年增長率最高的地區：

對長期儲能解決方案和可再生能源的需求不斷增長正在推動亞太地區鐵液流電池的增長。對高效能源管理和存儲解決方案不斷增長的需求也推動了市場的發展。鐵液流電池預計將更頻繁地用於電動汽車、可再生能源和微電網應用。此外，這些地區環保意識的增強和對二氧化碳排放的嚴格監管正在推動市場的發展。

主要發展：

2023年6月，長壽命儲能係統製造商ESS Tech與德國能源供應商LEAG將在德國博克斯貝格發電廠現場建設50MW/500MWh鐵液流電池系統。該項目預計耗資2億歐元（約合2.18億美元），將利用ESS創新的鐵液流電池技術將可再生能源發電與長期儲能（LDES）結合起來，提供清潔能源，目的是加速轉型到

2023 年 6 月，Infinity 將在溫哥華開設一座產能 200MWh 的製造工廠。Infinity的溫哥華工廠每年能夠生產高達200MWh的釩液流電池。英維尼迪對其加拿大製造基地的戰略投資將進一步擴大生產規模，到 2022 年底實現約 31 兆瓦時的創紀錄銷量。

2023 年 6 月，煤炭開采和發電公司 LEAG 計劃在德國東部建設耗資 2 億歐元（2.1612 億美元）的可再生能源發電系統。除了需要逐步淘汰碳密集型化石燃料外，德國和其他歐洲國家正在尋求更多能源來管理太陽能和風能等能源的間歇性，預計您將需要儲存電力。

報告內容

  • 區域和國家級細分市場份額評估
  • 對新進入者的戰略建議
  • 涵蓋2021年、2022年、2023年、2026年和2030年的市場數據
  • 市場趨勢（市場驅動因素/制約因素/機會/威脅/挑戰/投資機會/建議）
  • 根據市場預測提出關鍵業務領域的戰略建議
  • 競爭格局映射關鍵共同趨勢
  • 公司概況，包括詳細戰略、財務狀況和近期發展
  • 供應鏈趨勢映射最新技術趨勢

免費定制服務：

訂閱此報告的客戶將獲得以下免費定制選項之一：

  • 公司簡介
    • 其他市場參與者的綜合分析（最多 3 家公司）
    • 主要公司的SWOT分析（最多3家公司）
  • 地理細分
    • 根據客戶興趣對主要國家的市場估計/預測/複合年增長率（注：通過可行性檢查）
  • 競爭標桿
    • 根據產品組合、地域分佈和戰略聯盟對主要參與者進行基準測試

目錄

第一章內容提要

第二章前言

  • 概述
  • 利益相關者
  • 調查範圍
  • 調查方法
    • 數據挖掘
    • 數據分析
    • 數據驗證
    • 研究方法
  • 研究來源
    • 主要研究來源
    • 二次研究來源
    • 假設

第三章市場趨勢分析

  • 促進者
  • 抑製劑
  • 機會
  • 威脅
  • 應用分析
  • 新型冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）的影響

第4章波特五力分析

  • 供應商的議價能力
  • 買方議價能力
  • 替代品的威脅
  • 新進入者的威脅
  • 競爭對手之間的競爭

5.全球鐵液流電池市場（按電池類型）

  • 混合液流電池
  • 氧化還原液流電池

6.全球鐵液流電池市場，按類型

  • 50千瓦
  • 100千瓦
  • 150千瓦
  • 200千瓦
  • 250千瓦

7.全球鐵液流電池市場（按材料）

  • 釩
  • 溴鋅
  • 其他材料

8. 全球鐵液流電池市場（按電解質）

  • 水性
  • 非水性

第九章全球鐵液流電池市場（按部署）

  • 並網
  • 離網

10 全球鐵液流電池市場（按應用）

  • 商業和工業
  • 電動汽車充電站
  • 微電網
  • 可再生能源儲存
  • 住房
  • 公用設施
  • 其他用途

11.全球鐵液流電池市場（按地區）

  • 北美
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 意大利
    • 法國
    • 西班牙
    • 歐洲其他地區
  • 亞太地區
    • 日本
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 澳大利亞
    • 新西蘭
    • 韓國
    • 亞太其他地區
  • 南美洲
    • 阿根廷
    • 巴西
    • 智利
    • 其他南美洲
  • 中東和非洲
    • 沙特阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合酋長國
    • 卡塔爾
    • 南非
    • 其他中東和非洲

第十二章 主要進展

  • 協議、夥伴關係、合作和合資企業
  • 收購與合併
  • 新產品發布
  • 業務拓展
  • 其他關鍵策略

第十三章 公司簡介

  • Australian Vanadium Limited
  • Avalon Battery
  • Bushveld Energy
  • CellCube Energy Storage Systems Inc
  • Electric Fuel Limited
  • ESS, Inc.
  • Grupo Saesa
  • Invinity Energy Systems
  • Largo Clean Energy
  • Lockheed Martin Corporation
  • Primus Power
  • Redflow-Sustainable Energy Storage
  • Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd.
  • UniEnergy Technologies
  • ViZn Energy Systems
  • VRB Energy
Product Code: SMRC23356

According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Iron Flow Battery Market is accounted for $333.87 million in 2023 and is expected to reach $1779.11 million by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 27% during the forecast period. An iron flow battery, also known as a redox flow battery, is an electrochemical device that stores energy in tanks of liquid electrolytes. It is widely used because it doesn't burn, explode, or release toxic gases. Iron flow batteries are employed in a number of industries, including the commercial, military, and broadcast sectors, but they are most frequently used in homes and electric vehicles. The low cost and environmental friendliness of materials based on iron make flow batteries like these an appealing option for large-scale energy storage devices.

According to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence Worldwide, cobalt demand from the battery sector has tripled in the past five years and is projected to at least double again by 2020.

Market Dynamics:

Driver:

Increased use of iron flow batteries in utility sectors

Flow batteries are widely used in the utility sector due to the increased demand for electrification. One of the main drivers of demand for battery energy storage systems, which will support market growth, is the rising use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Given that large-scale utilities need solutions that can cost-effectively store renewable energy for future grid use at any location, flow batteries offer an alluring feature that has made them the most preferred energy storage technology for utility-based storage.

Restraint:

High Investments for Manufacturing

The development of iron flow batteries as a potential replacement for common batteries such as lithium-ion, lead-corrosive, and sodium-based batteries has occurred over time; however, the high cost of flow batteries may act as a significant market growth restraint. The iron flow battery's overall cost includes capital expenditure, component expenditure, material expenditure, establishment expenditure, and fix and maintenance expenditure. This is a major undertaking for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Opportunity:

Growing demand for power supply due to data centers

For power utilities, the rising demand for electricity in data centers is significant. The average annual energy consumption of data centers was between 200 and 1000 TWh in 2020, according to statistics from the U.S. Department of Energy. In the upcoming years, it is anticipated that energy consumption will rise. Cost, environmental, and scalability concerns have been brought up by the rising energy consumption in data centers. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain these data centers by implementing affordable and energy-efficient alternatives.

Threat:

Lack of standardization

Because there is no one type of iron flow battery that is accepted by everyone, there is a challenge with the lack of standardization. Because of the lack of standards, it is challenging for producers to create iron flow batteries that work with the current system. Such aspects restrict the market's growth.

COVID-19 Impact:

The COVID-19 pandemic had a mixed effect on the iron flow battery market. The installation of these flow batteries across numerous projects in 2020 has decreased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the global closure of manufacturing plants has an impact on market expansion. However, it is predicted that the adoption of these batteries will rise globally as a result of the government's increased focus on modernizing the power sector.

The utility facilities segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period:

During the forecast period, the utility facilities segment dominates the iron flow battery market because iron flow batteries are widely used in utilities to support renewable energy. Due to the escalating demand for electrification, flow battery adoption is rising in the utility sector. Additionally, as networks increasingly use green energy, the demand for effective, adaptable, and long-lasting energy capacity arrangements has increased.

The 150 kW segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period:

The 150 kW segment is estimated to witness the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The 150 kW Iron Flow Battery uses iron and an electrolyte to store and release energy. The battery has a 150 kW energy storage capacity, which can be used to power buildings, commercial buildings, and other applications. With a lifespan of up to 20 years, the iron flow battery is a durable, long-term energy storage option. A higher power output can be achieved, and it is also significantly more efficient than conventional lead-acid batteries.

Region with largest share:

Due to the growing need for energy storage systems to store renewable energy and the increased emphasis on grid stability, the North American iron flow battery market is anticipated to be the largest. Iron flow batteries are becoming more widely used in a variety of applications, including grid-scale storage, micro-grid storage, and stationary storage. Additionally, the market is anticipated to grow as a result of rising investments in the development of iron flow batteries and rising demand for long-duration energy storage solutions.

Region with highest CAGR:

Long-duration energy storage solutions and the rising demand for renewable energy are driving the growth of iron flow batteries in the Asia Pacific region. The market is also being driven by the rising demand for effective energy management and storage solutions. Iron flow batteries are expected to be used more frequently in electric vehicle, renewable energy, and microgrid applications. Furthermore, rising environmental consciousness and strict regulations on carbon dioxide emissions in these regions are expanding the market.

Key players in the market

Some of the key players profiled in the Iron Flow Battery Market include Australian Vanadium Limited, Avalon Battery, Bushveld Energy, CellCube Energy Storage Systems Inc, Electric Fuel Limited, ESS, Inc, Grupo Saesa, Invinity Energy Systems, Largo Clean Energy, Lockheed, Martin Corporation, Primus Power, Redflow-Sustainable Energy Storage, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., UniEnergy Technologies, ViZn Energy Systems and VRB Energy.

Key Developments:

In June 2023, ESS Tech, a manufacturer of long-duration energy storage systems, and Germany-based energy provider LEAG have partnered to construct a 50 MW/500 MWh iron flow battery system at the Boxberg power plant site in Germany. Estimated to cost an initial €200 million (~$218 million), the project aims to accelerate the clean energy transition by combining renewable generation with long-duration energy storage (LDES) using ESS's innovative iron flow battery technology.

In June 2023, Invinity Opens 200 MWh Capacity Vancouver Manufacturing Facility. The Company's Vancouver facility is now able to produce up to 200 MWh of vanadium flow batteries per year. This strategic investment in Invinity's Canadian manufacturing base will enable the Company to further scale up production to meet the record sales achieved of nearly 31 MWh secured by the Company at the end of 2022.

In June 2023, Coal miner and power generator LEAG plans to build a 200 million euros ($216.12 million) renewable energy storage system in eastern Germany. Apart from the need to phase out carbon-intensive fossil fuel, Germany and other European countries are expected to need more storage to manage the intermittent nature of forms of energy such as solar and wind.

Battery Types Covered:

  • Hybrid Flow Battery
  • Redox Flow Battery

Types Covered:

  • 50 kW
  • 100 kW
  • 150 kW
  • 200 kW
  • 250 kW

Materials Covered:

  • Vanadium
  • Zinc-Bromine
  • Other Materials

Electrolytes Covered:

  • Aqueous
  • Non-Aqueous

Deployments Covered:

  • On-Grid
  • Off-Grid

Applications Covered:

  • Commercial & Industrial
  • EV Charging Stations
  • Microgrids
  • Renewable Energy Storage
  • Residential
  • Utility Facilities
  • Other Applications

Regions Covered:

  • North America
    • US
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • Italy
    • France
    • Spain
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Australia
    • New Zealand
    • South Korea
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • South America
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Rest of South America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Qatar
    • South Africa
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa

What our report offers:

  • Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
  • Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
  • Covers Market data for the years 2021, 2022, 2023, 2026 and 2030
  • Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
  • Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
  • Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
  • Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
  • Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements

Free Customization Offerings:

All the customers of this report will be entitled to receive one of the following free customization options:

  • Company Profiling
    • Comprehensive profiling of additional market players (up to 3)
    • SWOT Analysis of key players (up to 3)
  • Regional Segmentation
    • Market estimations, Forecasts and CAGR of any prominent country as per the client's interest (Note: Depends on feasibility check)
  • Competitive Benchmarking
    • Benchmarking of key players based on product portfolio, geographical presence, and strategic alliances

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Preface

  • 2.1 Abstract
  • 2.2 Stake Holders
  • 2.3 Research Scope
  • 2.4 Research Methodology
    • 2.4.1 Data Mining
    • 2.4.2 Data Analysis
    • 2.4.3 Data Validation
    • 2.4.4 Research Approach
  • 2.5 Research Sources
    • 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
    • 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
    • 2.5.3 Assumptions

3 Market Trend Analysis

  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Drivers
  • 3.3 Restraints
  • 3.4 Opportunities
  • 3.5 Threats
  • 3.6 Application Analysis
  • 3.7 Impact of Covid-19

4 Porters Five Force Analysis

  • 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • 4.3 Threat of substitutes
  • 4.4 Threat of new entrants
  • 4.5 Competitive rivalry

5 Global Iron Flow Battery Market, By Battery Type

  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Hybrid Flow Battery
  • 5.3 Redox Flow Battery

6 Global Iron Flow Battery Market, By Type

  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 50 kW
  • 6.3 100 kW
  • 6.4 150 kW
  • 6.5 200 kW
  • 6.6 250 kW

7 Global Iron Flow Battery Market, By Material

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Vanadium
  • 7.3 Zinc-Bromine
  • 7.4 Other Materials

8 Global Iron Flow Battery Market, By Electrolyte

  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Aqueous
  • 8.3 Non-Aqueous

9 Global Iron Flow Battery Market, By Deployment

  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 On-Grid
  • 9.3 Off-Grid

10 Global Iron Flow Battery Market, By Application

  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Commercial & Industrial
  • 10.3 EV Charging Stations
  • 10.4 Microgrids
  • 10.5 Renewable Energy Storage
  • 10.6 Residential
  • 10.7 Utility Facilities
  • 10.8 Other Applications

11 Global Iron Flow Battery Market, By Geography

  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 North America
    • 11.2.1 US
    • 11.2.2 Canada
    • 11.2.3 Mexico
  • 11.3 Europe
    • 11.3.1 Germany
    • 11.3.2 UK
    • 11.3.3 Italy
    • 11.3.4 France
    • 11.3.5 Spain
    • 11.3.6 Rest of Europe
  • 11.4 Asia Pacific
    • 11.4.1 Japan
    • 11.4.2 China
    • 11.4.3 India
    • 11.4.4 Australia
    • 11.4.5 New Zealand
    • 11.4.6 South Korea
    • 11.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
  • 11.5 South America
    • 11.5.1 Argentina
    • 11.5.2 Brazil
    • 11.5.3 Chile
    • 11.5.4 Rest of South America
  • 11.6 Middle East & Africa
    • 11.6.1 Saudi Arabia
    • 11.6.2 UAE
    • 11.6.3 Qatar
    • 11.6.4 South Africa
    • 11.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa

12 Key Developments

  • 12.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
  • 12.1 Acquisitions & Mergers
  • 12.1 New Product Launch
  • 12.1 Expansions
  • 12.1 Other Key Strategies

13 Company Profiling

  • 13.1 Australian Vanadium Limited
  • 13.2 Avalon Battery
  • 13.3 Bushveld Energy
  • 13.4 CellCube Energy Storage Systems Inc
  • 13.5 Electric Fuel Limited
  • 13.6 ESS, Inc.
  • 13.7 Grupo Saesa
  • 13.8 Invinity Energy Systems
  • 13.9 Largo Clean Energy
  • 13.10 Lockheed Martin Corporation
  • 13.11 Primus Power
  • 13.12 Redflow-Sustainable Energy Storage
  • 13.13 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd.
  • 13.14 UniEnergy Technologies
  • 13.15 ViZn Energy Systems
  • 13.16 VRB Energy

List of Tables

  • Table 1 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Region (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 2 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Battery Type (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 3 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Hybrid Flow Battery (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 4 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Redox Flow Battery (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 5 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Type (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 6 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By 50 kW (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 7 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By 100 kW (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 8 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By 150 kW (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 9 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By 200 kW (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 10 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By 250 kW (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 11 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Material (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 11 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Vanadium (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 13 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Zinc-Bromine (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 14 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Other Materials (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 15 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Electrolyte (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 16 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Aqueous (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 17 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Non-Aqueous (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 18 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Deployment (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 19 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By On-Grid (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 20 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Off-Grid (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 21 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Application (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 22 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Commercial & Industrial (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 23 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By EV Charging Stations (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 24 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Microgrids (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 25 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Renewable Energy Storage (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 26 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Residential (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 27 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Utility Facilities (2021-2030) ($MN)
  • Table 28 Global Iron Flow Battery Market Outlook, By Other Applications (2021-2030) ($MN)

Note: Tables for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.