自動駕駛用地圖(HD/LD/SD地圖，線上重組，即時生成地圖)產業(2025年)

無地圖 NOA 正成為自動駕駛系統的主流。該解決方案減少了對離線高清地圖的依賴，而離線高清地圖的開發一直以來都是一個難題。所謂“無地圖”，本質上意味著從“地圖優先”到“實時地圖構建”乃至“世界模型”的轉變，而 ADAS 演算法則更傾向於“數據驅動”而非“規則驅動”。

無地圖解決方案與早期的 SLAM 技術非常相似，後者實際上是在線上建立向量地圖，並將其與離線低密度地圖進行匹配，同時獲得定位和導航資訊。早期的 SLAM 技術嚴重依賴光達。隨著純電動車的出現，SLAM 技術逐漸被淘汰，但在地下停車場等場景中仍有應用。

自動駕駛地圖的演進

2022年以前：產業鏈以強調幾何精度的高清地圖為主，傳統ADAS演算法依賴預設規則處理環境辨識。

2023-2024年：隨著無地圖NOA的發展，具備拓樸、語意和新鮮度的輕量級地圖（LD地圖）得到推廣和應用。

2025年及以後：隨著3D高斯濺射、NeRF（神經輻射場）等新技術的落地，自動駕駛地圖不僅能夠“記錄過去”，還能“預覽未來”。 "世界模型" 透過自我監督學習從海量駕駛數據中提取時空模式，融合多模態感測器數據（攝影機、雷射雷達等）和即時眾包數據，建構動態更新的環境知識庫，實現道路拓撲、語義資訊和交通規則的線上推理。

"世界模型" 利用過去的場景資訊和預設條件，預測未來智慧駕駛場景的變化和車輛的反應。

自動駕駛地圖發展趨勢：低成本自動地圖、MapTR、VectorMapNet等向量化高畫質地圖建構技術的應用

百度MapAuto 6.5是中國首款3D車道等級地圖和全場景人機協同駕駛地圖，提供全面的資料服務。百度MapAuto 6.5基於百度整合資料收集車、多來源資料輸入以及擁有數十億參數的地圖產生基礎模型，大幅提升地圖建立效率，有效支援百度地圖資料快速更新，並提供強大全面的資料服務。

百度MapAuto 6.5可提供SD（導航地圖）、LD（輕度自動駕駛地圖）和HD（高精地圖）三種類型的資料。 2025年3月，零跑車發表了基於百度地圖LD資料的技術架構LEAP 3.5。

低成本自動建圖是百度地圖的重要發展方向，其核心技術包括純電動車靜態道路場景重建與自動特徵擷取。

百度純電動車靜態道路場景重建採用與華中科技大學MapTR相同的Instance Query和Point Query演算法，用於檢測道路要素及要素輪廓不動點。它也採用了與清華大學VectorMapNet自回歸解碼器類似的方法，輸出特徵點之間的拓樸關係。

MapTR適用於城市道路即時測繪、L2+ADAS以及硬體資源有限的嵌入式平台。定長設定點輸出方便與規劃與控制模組對接。

VectorMapNet非常適合高速公路複雜立體交叉建模、科研中的地圖生成研究，以及需要細粒度可變長度建模的特殊場景（例如建築工地）。

本報告提供中國的自動駕駛用地圖產業調查分析，市場規模，競爭情形，趨勢，新技術的應用等資訊。

目錄

第1章 自動駕駛用地圖的定義與分類

• 自動駕駛用地圖的定義與分類
• 自動駕駛用地圖的分類(1):導航地圖(SD地圖)
• 自動駕駛用地圖的分類(2):輕量地圖(LD地圖)
• 自動駕駛用地圖的分類(3):HD地圖
• 自動駕駛用地圖的分類(4):NeRF線上重組和即時生成地圖等的新技術
• 自動駕駛用地圖的分類(5):DWM的演變
• 自動駕駛用地圖的政策和法規

第2章 自動駕駛用地圖市場現狀與競爭情形

• 汽車地圖的市場規模
• 汽車地圖市場競爭情形
• 城市NOA趨勢下自動駕駛地圖供應商商業模式的變化

第三章 自動駕駛地圖產業趨勢及新技術應用

• 端到端趨勢下智慧駕駛地圖的演進
• 自動駕駛地圖重建：自動標註系統、影片片段
• 自動駕駛地圖重建：NeRF技術的應用
• 自動駕駛地圖重建：體素NeRF創建MV地圖
• 自動駕駛地圖重建：4D時空特徵
• 自動駕駛地圖重建：3D高斯Splash

第4章 自動駕駛用地圖的應用和OEM的技術設計

• 各自動駕駛場景下的地圖需求
• 各車廠自動駕駛地圖選擇
• 各車廠自動駕駛地圖安裝數量
• Tesla
• Xiaomi
• Xpeng
• Li Auto
• NIO
• Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
• SAIC IM
• Leapmotor
• Geely & ZEEKR
• Dongfeng Voyah
• Changan Automobile
• Chery
• Great Wall Motor
• GAC Motor
• Volkswagen
• Mercedes-Benz
• BMW
• Toyota

第5章 自動駕駛用地圖供應商

• Baidu Maps
• NavInfo
• AutoNavi (amap.com)
• Tencent
• Lange Technology
• EMG
• MXNAVI
• Leador
• Heading Data Intelligence
• BrightMap
• Huawei
• Roadgrids Technology
• Mapbox
• Kuandeng Technology

Research on Autonomous Driving Maps: Evolve from Recording the Past to Previewing the Future with "Real-time Generative Maps"

"Mapless NOA" has become the mainstream solution for autonomous driving systems. This solution reduces the reliance on offline HD maps whose development has encountered challenges. The so-called "mapless" essentially means the shift from "map prior" to "real-time map construction" and then further development into "world models", while ADAS algorithms tend to be "data-driven" instead of being "rule-driven".

A mapless solution, very similar to the early SLAM technology, actually builds a vector map online and then matches it with offline LD maps to obtain positioning and navigation information at the same time. The early SLAM technology relied heavily on LiDAR. As BEV emerges, SLAM technology has been gradually eliminated, but it is still used in scenarios such as underground parking lots.

The evolution of autonomous driving maps:

Before 2022: The industry chain focused on HD maps that value geometric accuracy, while traditional ADAS algorithms relied on preset rules to process environmental perception;

2023-2024: With the development of mapless NOA, lightweight maps (LD maps) with topology, semantics and freshness were promoted and applied;

After 2025: With the introduction of new technologies such as 3D Gaussian sputtering and NeRF (Neural Radiance Fields), autonomous driving maps will "preview the future" instead of only "recording the past". "World models" extract spatiotemporal patterns from massive driving data through self-supervised learning, integrate multimodal sensor data (cameras, LiDAR, etc.) and real-time crowd-source data, build a dynamically updated environmental knowledge base, and accomplish online reasoning of road topology, semantic information and traffic rules.

"World models" leverage historical scenario information and preset conditions to predict the future changes in intelligent driving scenarios and the response of the ego vehicle.

Development trends of autonomous driving maps: Low-cost automated mapping, application of vectorized HD map construction technologies such as MapTR and VectorMapNet

Baidu MapAuto 6.5 is the first 3D lane-level map and all-scenario human-machine co-driving map in China, providing comprehensive data services. Baidu MapAuto 6.5, based on Baidu's integrated data collection vehicles, multi-source data input (closed loop of automotive and roadside data), and map generation foundation models with billions of parameters, has improved the efficiency of map production exponentially, effectively supported the rapid updates of Baidu map data, and offered powerful and comprehensive data services.

Baidu MapAuto 6.5 can provide three types of data: SD (navigation maps), LD (lightweight autonomous driving maps) and HD (HD maps). In March 2025, Leapmotor released LEAP 3.5, which is a technical architecture equipped with the LD data of Baidu Maps.

Low-cost automated mapping is an important development direction of Baidu Maps, with core technologies including BEV static road scenario reconstruction and automated feature extraction.

Baidu's BEV static road scenario reconstruction uses Instance Query and Point Query similar to Huazhong University of Science and Technology's MapTR to detect road elements and element outline fixed points. It adopts a method similar to the Auto-regressive decoder in Tsinghua's VectorMapNet to output the topological relationship between feature points.

MapTR is suitable for real-time mapping of urban roads, L2+ ADAS, and embedded platforms with limited hardware resources. Its fixed-length setpoint output is convenient for connection with the planning and control module;

VectorMapNet is ideal for scenarios likemodeling of complex interchanges on highways, map generation research in the field of scientific research, and special scenarios that require variable-length fine modeling (such as construction areas).

Development trends of autonomous driving maps: Integration with driving world models (DWMs)

NavInfo has proposed to add the spatiotemporal cognition capability of maps to the intelligent driving technology driven by world models, that is, "let world models inherit the spatiotemporal cognition of maps" - "Maps have evolved from static layers to dynamic data engines that are indispensable in the world-model-driven stage. They are irreplaceable "prior sensors" in application scenarios such as improving the intelligence level of a single vehicle, reducing computing power constraints and responding to emergency warnings."

DWMs are the core components of the next-generation autonomous driving systems. By predicting the spatiotemporal evolution of dynamic driving scenarios, they help vehicles perceive the environment more accurately, understand interaction logic, and optimize decision-making.

DWMs build continuous learning and prediction capabilities for the physical world by integrating HD map data, real-time sensor information (such as cameras, LiDAR), vehicle status data (such as speed, steering), and external environment data (such as traffic flow, weather). The goal is to enable autonomous driving systems to secure the trinity of "understanding, prediction, and planning" through a closed data loop.

Core functions of DWMs:

Environmental understanding: Accurately locate the vehicle position through autonomous driving maps and real-time perception data, and recognize key information such as lane lines, traffic signs, and obstacles.

Dynamic prediction: Predict the behavior trajectory of other traffic participants (vehicles, pedestrians), and predict potential risks (such as cutting in, sudden braking).

Global planning: Generate the optimal driving path and driving strategy based on long-term environment simulation (such as generalization of scenarios under different weather and road conditions).

Technical features of DWMs:

Continuously optimize the models based on data, continuous input of massive high-quality data and AI algorithms (such as deep learning and reinforcement learning).

Achieve closed-loop iteration and self-evolution of the models through a complete closed loop of data collection -> model training -> simulation verification -> deployment optimization.

Integrate reality with virtuality and accelerate model generalization by combining simulation environments (such as digital twins) with real road test data.

Core value of DWMs:

Scenario deduction: Generate the physical rationality and spatiotemporal consistency of future scenarios based on historical observations, and support autonomous driving systems to predict potential risks (such as bizarre accidents (for example, when there is a vehicle or obstacle blocking the view ahead, a non-motorized vehicle or pedestrian suddenly jumps out from the roadside, and the driver fails to avoid it in time, often causing an accident), dynamic changes in construction areas);

Multimodal fusion: Integrate multimodal data such as 2D images, 3D point clouds, and Occupancy grids to improve environmental modeling accuracy (such as 98.7% BEV geometric consistency in nuScenes data set tests);

Decision-making optimization: Achieve human-like driving capabilities through reinforcement learning and prediction, real difference fine-tuning (The measured traffic efficiency on Beijing's Fifth Ring Road increased by 28%).

Development trends of autonomous driving maps: OEMs explore and deploy NeRF technology in autonomous driving map reconstruction

At present, many OEMs have begun to explore or deploy NeRF technology in the field of autonomous driving maps, especially in dynamic scenario reconstruction and HD map generation.

NeRF technology can reconstruct 2D images into 3D scenarios, and then produce HD maps to achieve high-precision vehicle positioning and map matching;

NeRF technology can synthesize complex autonomous driving scenarios, enrich autonomous driving training data, and help autonomous driving systems perform efficient data enhancement;

NeRF technology can simulate harsh scenarios such as extreme weather and serious traffic accidents, and use simulated data to restore real harsh scenarios to improve the safety of autonomous driving

The AD Max 3.0 of Li Auto has built a triple perception architecture consisting of "static BEV + dynamic BEV + NeRF enhanced occupancy". By deeply combining NeRF technology with occupancy networks, it handles insufficient long-distance perception resolution which exists in traditional pure vision solutions:

Static BEV network: Transformer fuses data from multiple cameras to generate a bird's-eye view of the road structure. When some cameras fail, NeRF helps reconstruct the road edges and lane lines in the missing areas.

Dynamic BEV network: Thanks to the spatiotemporal attention mechanism tracking traffic participants and NeRF's spatiotemporal continuity modeling, the speed and acceleration estimation error of moving objects is less than 0.3m/s.

Occupancy network upgrade: The original Occupancy output resolution improves from 0.2m to 0.1m, sub-pixel details are generated through NeRF's radiation field rendering, and 30cm high curbstones and 5cm diameter manhole covers can be recognized

OEMs such as Xpeng, Mercedes-Benz, and Li Auto have taken the lead in mass production and application of NeRF technology, while Tesla, BMW, etc. are exploring deeper application through technical cooperation. In the future, with the improvement of hardware computing power (such as the Blackwell architecture) and open source ecology, NeRF is expected to become the underlying standard technology of autonomous driving maps, promoting the industry to evolve towards "real-time generative maps".

Table of Contents

1 Definition and Classification of Autonomous Driving Maps

• 1.1 Definition and Classification of Autonomous Driving Maps
• Definition of Autonomous Driving Maps
• Autonomous Driving Maps Evolve from Recording the Past to Previewing the Future with "Real-time Generative Maps"
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Algorithms and Map Construction, 2020-2026E
• 1.2 Classification of Autonomous Driving Maps (1): Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Definition of Autonomous Driving Maps: Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Installations of Navigation Maps (SD Maps) in Vehicles
• 1.3 Classification of Autonomous Driving Maps (2): Lightweight Maps (LD Maps)
• Definition of Lightweight Maps (LD Maps)
• Lightweight Maps (LD Maps) Are Required to Provide Basic Data for "Mapless" Intelligent Driving Solutions
• Classification of Lightweight Maps (LD Maps)
• Development of Lightweight Maps (LD Maps): Integration of SD Maps and HD/LD Maps
• Lightweight Map (LD Map) Solutions: Map Providers Reduce Costs and Increase Update Frequency
• Lightweight Map (LD Map) Solutions: Some Providers Build Maps Online via Algorithms (1)
• Lightweight Map (LD Map) Solutions: Some Providers Build Maps Online via Algorithms (2)
• Application Cases of Urban NOA Based on Lightweight Maps (LD Maps): QCraft's Urban NOA Adopts NavInfo HD Lite
• Application Cases of Urban NOA Based on Lightweight Maps (LD Maps): MAXIEYE's Automatic Mapping Memory
• Installations of Lightweight Maps (LD Maps) in Vehicles (1)
• Installations of Lightweight Maps (LD Maps) in Vehicles (2)
• 1.4 Classification of Autonomous Driving Maps (3): HD Maps
• Definition of Autonomous Driving Maps: HD Maps
• Complementarity between HD Maps and Perception Can Improve the Safety of Urban NOA
• HD Map Development Path (1)
• HD Map Development Path (2)
• Application of HD Maps in "Light Map" Solutions
• OEMs' Attitude towards HD Maps
• 1.5 Classification of Autonomous Driving Maps (4): New Technologies such as NeRF Online Reconstruction and Real-time Generative Maps
• Application Trends of New Online Mapping Technologies (1)
• Application Trends of New Online Mapping Technologies (2)
• Application Trends of New Online Mapping Technologies (3)
• Application Trends of New Online Mapping Technologies (4)
• 1.6 Classification of Autonomous Driving Maps (5): Evolution to DWMs
• Summary of DWMs Worldwide as of January 2025
• Technical Features of DWMs
• Impact of DWMs on Autonomous Driving Maps (1)
• Impact of DWMs on Autonomous Driving Maps (2)
• 1.7 Autonomous Driving Map Policies and Regulations
• National Regulations (1)
• National Regulations (2)
• National Regulations (3)
• Local Regulations (1)
• Local Regulations (2)
• Local Regulations (3)

2 Status Quo and Competitive Landscape of Autonomous Driving Map Market

• 2.1 Automotive Map Market Size
• Global Automotive Map Market Size
• Global Automotive Map Market for Passenger Cars and Commercial Vehicles
• Global Automotive Map Market Landscape (by Type)
• Global Automotive Map Market Landscape (by Region)
• Map Installations of Chinese Passenger Cars by Autonomous Driving Level (by Price Range), 2023-2024
• Autonomous Driving Level of Chinese Passenger Cars, 2024-2030E
• SD/LD/HD Map Installations of Chinese Passenger Cars, 2024-2030E
• SD/LD/HD Map Market Size for Chinese Passenger Cars, 2024-2030E
• Autonomous Driving Level of Chinese Passenger Cars by Autonomous Driving Level, 2024-2030E
• 2.2 Competitive Landscape of Automotive Map Market
• Competitive Landscape of Chinese Urban NOA Map Market for Passenger Cars, 2024
• Major Players in Autonomous Driving Map Market
• Players in Autonomous Driving Map Market (1): Domestic Map Providers (1)
• Players in Autonomous Driving Map Market (1): Domestic Map Providers (2)
• Players in Autonomous Driving Map Market (2): OEMs
• Players in Autonomous Driving Map Market (3): Foreign Map Providers
• Layout Concept of Map Providers Driven by Urban NOA
• Layout Strategy of Map Providers Driven by Urban NOA (1)
• Layout Strategy of Map Providers Driven by Urban NOA (2)
• Layout Strategy of Map Providers Driven by Urban NOA (3)
• 2.3 Changes in Business Models of Autonomous Driving Map Providers amid the Trend of Urban NOA
• Classification of Autonomous Driving Map Business Models
• Summary of Autonomous Driving Map Business Models: Domestic Map Providers (1)
• Summary of Autonomous Driving Map Business Models: Domestic Map Providers (2)
• Summary of Autonomous Driving Map Business Models: Foreign Map Providers
• The Focus Of Competition in the Autonomous Driving Map Industry Shifts to Comprehensive Capabilities under Urban NOA
• Changes in Business Models of Map Suppliers amid the Development of Urban NOA

3 Trends and New Technology Application in Autonomous Driving Map Industry

• 3.1 Evolution of Intelligent Driving Maps amid the End-to-end Trend
• Maps Are the Carriers of Standardized Location Data
• Integration of Maps and Scenarios in Intelligent Driving
• Evolution of Intelligent Driving Maps: Solutions with Maps VS Solutions without Maps
• Evolution of Intelligent Driving Maps: Advantages of Mapless Solutions
• The Value of Intelligent Driving Maps Is Re-evaluated amid the End-to-end Trend
• How to Access Intelligent Driving Maps in End-to-end Technology (1): SD Map Features Are the Key and Value Input
• How to Access Intelligent Driving Maps in End-to-end Technology (2): Initial Query Input
• 3.2 Autonomous Driving Map Reconstruction: Automatic Annotation System and Video Clips
• Automatic Annotation System (Tesla as an Example)
• Pavement Reconstruction Process (1)
• Pavement Reconstruction Process (2)
• Pavement Reconstruction Process (3)
• Automatic Annotation Can Solve the Occlusion Problem of Moving Objects
• 3.3 Autonomous Driving Map Reconstruction: Application of NeRF Technology
• Application of NeRF in Autonomous Driving Includes Perception, 3D Reconstruction, Positioning and Map Construction, etc.
• NeRF's Application Potential in Autonomous Driving: Data Enhancement
• NeRF's Application Potential in Autonomous Driving: Model Training
• NeRF's Application Potential in Autonomous Driving: SLAM
• Technical Comparison between NeRF Static Maps and Dynamic Generative Maps
• The Combined Application of NeRF and Generative Maps Brings the Best Solution
• HD Map Technology Evolution: NeRF Reconstruction and Real-time Generative Map Application Will See a Turning Point in 2027-2028
• Accelerated Application of NeRF in Autonomous Vehicles
• 3.4 Autonomous Driving Map Reconstruction: Voxel NeRF Produces MV-Map
• MV-Map Can Significantly Improve the Quality of HD Maps
• MV-Map Framework
• MV-Map Production Steps
• 3.5 Autonomous Driving Map Reconstruction: 4D Spatiotemporal Features
• Application of 4D Spatiotemporal Features in Autonomous Driving: Combined with Intelligent Driving Maps to Improve Prediction Capabilities
• DriveWorld: a 4D Spatiotemporal Pre-training Algorithm for Autonomous Driving
• Application of 4D Spatiotemporal Features in Vehicles
• 3.6 Autonomous Driving Map Reconstruction: 3D Gaussian Splashing
• Autonomous Driving Algorithms Need "Intermediate Expression Maps"
• 3D Gaussian Splashing (Intermediate Expression Maps for Autonomous Driving) (1)
• 3D Gaussian Splashing (Intermediate Expression Maps for Autonomous Driving) (2)

4 Autonomous Driving Map Application and Technology Layout of OEMs

• 4.1 Demand for Maps in Different Autonomous Driving Scenarios
• Main Application Scenarios of Autonomous Driving Maps
• Main Application Scenarios of Autonomous Driving Maps: Demand of Passenger Car NOA for Autonomous Driving Maps
• Main Application Scenarios of Autonomous Driving Maps: Demand of Autonomous Passenger Cars (L3/L4) for Autonomous Driving Maps
• Main Application Scenarios of Autonomous Driving Maps: Demand of Passenger Cars with Low-speed Automated Parking for Autonomous Driving Maps
• Main Application Scenarios of Autonomous Driving Maps: Demand of Unmanned Cargo Transport for Autonomous Driving Maps
• 4.2 OEMs' Choice of Autonomous Driving Maps
• OEMs' Choice of Autonomous Driving Maps (1)
• OEMs' Choice of Autonomous Driving Maps (2)
• OEMs' Choice of Autonomous Driving Maps (3)
• OEMs' Choice of Autonomous Driving Maps (4)
• OEMs' Choice of Autonomous Driving Maps (5)
• 4.3 Installations of Autonomous Driving Maps by OEMs
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Independent Brands (1)
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Independent Brands (2)
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Independent Brands (3)
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Independent Brands (10)
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Independent Brands (11)
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Independent Brands (12)
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Joint Venture Brands (1)
• Installations of Intelligent Driving Maps in Production Passenger Cars of Joint Venture Brands (2)
• 4.4 Tesla
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: "End-to-end" Technology Route
• Autonomous Driving Software: Algorithm Iteration
• Autonomous Driving Software: Perception Technology of Occupancy Networks
• Autonomous Driving Software: Pure Visual Solutions (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Pure Visual Solutions (2)
• Real-time Construction and Updates of HD Maps with AI Technology
• FSD Uses SD Maps (1)
• FSD Uses SD Maps (2)
• 4.5 Xiaomi
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• SU7 Uses HD Maps as Safety Redundancy
• Autonomous Driving Maps: From HD Maps to End-to-end
• End-to-end Foundation Models Use a "Three-layer Modeling" Architecture to Build Physical World Models
• End-to-end Foundation Models Use a "Three-layer Modeling" Architecture
• Data Closed Loop: Physical World Modeling
• 4.6 Xpeng
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• XNGP Is Upgraded to a "Mapless" Solution (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Next-generation Perception Architecture - "X Net"
• XNGP Is Upgraded to a "Mapless" Solution (2)
• XNGP Is Upgraded to a "Mapless" Solution (3)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Self-developed Fully Automatic Annotation System Based on XNet
• HD Map Solutions
• Autonomous Driving Software: Cloud Foundation Models
• Cloud Training Base: "World Base Model" R&D (1)
• Cloud Training Base: "World Base Model" R&D (2)
• Cloud Training Base: "World Base Model" R&D (3)
• Cloud Training Base: "World Base Model" R&D (4)
• Cloud Training Base: "World Base Model" R&D (5)
• 4.7 Li Auto
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• AD Max 3.0 Is Upgraded to a "Mapless" Solution
• Online Mapping Technology (1)
• Online Mapping Technology (2)
• Closed Loop Simulation System (1)
• Closed Loop Simulation System (2)
• Closed Loop Simulation System (3)
• 4.8 NIO
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Navigation World Models (NWMs) (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Navigation World Models (NWMs) (2)
• 4.9 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: ADS 4.0 (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: ADS 4.0 (2)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Features of ADS 3.0 (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Features of ADS 3.0 (2)
• Autonomous Driving Software: ADS SE
• Autonomous Driving Software: Comparison between ADS SE and ADS (Advanced Version)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Mapless Solutions
• Autonomous Driving Software: Petal Maps
• Autonomous Driving Software: Mapless Solutions
• Autonomous Driving Software: Petal Maps
• AI Technology Application: Automotive World Behavior Models
• 4.10 SAIC IM
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Cooperate Deeply with Momenta in NOA
• Autonomous Driving Software: IM AD 3.0 (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: IM AD 3.0 (2)
• Autonomous Driving Software: IM AD 3.0 (3)
• Autonomous Driving Software: "Production-ready" Robotaxi 3.0
• HD Map Application
• Online Mapping Technology
• 4.11 Leapmotor
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Automotive Autonomous Driving Software: LEAP 3.5
• Gradual Evolution towards Light Map Solutions
• Low-cost Map Solutions
• Latest Application Dynamics of Baidu LD Maps: Access to LEAP 3.5
• 4.12 Geely & ZEEKR
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Pan-World Models
• Autonomous Driving Software: G-Pilot
• Autonomous Driving Software: Multimodal Foundation Models
• Autonomous Driving Software: G-AES
• Autonomous Driving Software: SEA 2.0 (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: SEA 2.0 (2)
• Autonomous Driving Software: ZeekrXMapbox Real-time Cloud Navigation System
• 4.13 Dongfeng Voyah
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Intelligent Driving Solutions Based on Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Autonomous driving software: Baidu Maps V20 Visual Lane-level Navigation
• Intelligent Driving Map Application
• Application of Intelligent Driving Maps in Dongfeng Forthing StarSea
• 4.14 Changan Automobile
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Dubhe Intelligent Driving (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Dubhe Intelligent Driving (2)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Dubhe Intelligent Driving (3)
• Avita's Autonomous Driving Software: Huawei Petal Maps
• 4.15 Chery
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Chery STERRA's Intelligent Driving Solution Tends to "Get Rid of Maps"
• Autonomous Driving Software: Intelligent Driving Software Business Layout and Planning
• Autonomous Driving Software: Technical Features of Chery Pilot 4.0
• Autonomous Driving Software: Falcon Intelligent Driving Series (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Falcon Intelligent Driving Series (2)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Falcon Intelligent Driving Series (3)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Falcon Intelligent Driving Series (4)
• 4.16 Great Wall Motor
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Coffee Pilot Ultra
• Autonomous Driving Software: SEE End-to-end Foundation Models
• Autonomous Driving Software: AutoNavi Map X Great Wall Motor Joint Mobility Innovation Lab
• 4.17 GAC Motor
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Five Major Intelligent Driving Platforms
• Autonomous Driving Software: VLA
• Autonomous Driving Software: Perception Algorithm of ADiGO PILOT
• Autonomous Driving Software: "Edge-cloud" Light Map Solutions
• "Mapless Intelligent Driving" Solutions Relying on Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Aion's HD Map Solution
• Aion's Electronic Vision System
• Aion's HD Map Curvature and Slope
• Online Mapping Patent Application
• 4.18 Volkswagen
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Self-developed High-Level AI Intelligent Driving System
• Autonomous Driving Software: Product Route for "Smart Driving Equality" (1)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Product Route for "Smart Driving Equality" (2)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Product Route for "Smart Driving Equality" (3)
• Autonomous Driving Software: Product Route for "Intelligent Driving Equality" (4)
• 4.19 Mercedes-Benz
• Evolution of Autonomous Driving Software and Map Solutions
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Autonomous Driving Software Development Model
• Autonomous Driving Software: L2++ "Mapless" Advanced Intelligent Driving
• 4.20 BMW
• Autonomous Driving Software Solution and Supply Chain Construction
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: Features of L3 Personal Pilot
• Autonomous Driving Software: L2+ and L3 Autonomous Driving Systems
• Autonomous Driving Software: Intelligent Driving Planning for BMW Vision Neue Klasse
• 4.21 Toyota
• Autonomous Driving Software Solution and Supply Chain Construction
• Online Map Construction and Real-time Generative Map Layout
• Autonomous Driving Software: All-scenario Intelligent Driving of bZ3X
• Autonomous Driving Software: L4 Autonomous Driving Evolution

5 Autonomous Driving Map Providers

• 5.1 Baidu Maps
• Committed to Building Maps Suitable for Autonomous Driving
• Automotive Map System
• Automotive Maps (1): Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Automotive Maps (1): Navigation Maps (SD Maps) V21 Is Upgraded to Intelligent Driving Navigation
• Automotive Maps (2): Autonomous Driving Maps (1)
• Automotive Maps (2): Autonomous Driving Maps (2)
• Automotive Maps (2): The First Intelligent Parking Navigation System Seamlessly Connects to Parking Spaces
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Maps
• Maps Are One of the Core Competitiveness of Autonomous Driving Systems
• Core Value of "Familiar Route Mode" (1): Safety
• Core Value of "Familiar Route Mode" (2): Comfort
• Core Value of "Familiar Route Mode" (3): Efficiency
• Low-cost Intelligent Driving Map Construction Technology (1): Map Construction
• Low-cost Intelligent Driving Map Construction Technology (1): BEV Static Road Scenario Reconstruction (1)
• Low-cost Intelligent Driving Map Construction Technology (1): BEV Static Road Scenario Reconstruction (2)
• Low-cost Intelligent Driving Map Construction Technology (2): Automated Feature Extraction
• Compared with HD Maps, Autonomous Driving Maps Are Less Burdensome
• The Latest Application of HD Maps: Access to Tesla
• The Latest Application of LD Maps: Access to LEAP 3.5
• 5.2 NavInfo
• Transformation of Autonomous Driving Map Business Models
• Redefined Role of Autonomous Driving Maps: From Automotive Charging to Training
• Redefined Role of Autonomous Driving Maps: Safe Redundant Configuration
• Automotive Map System
• Automotive Maps (1): Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Automotive Maps (2): Scenario Maps (1)
• Automotive Maps (2): Scenario Maps (2)
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Maps (1)
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Maps (2)
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Maps (3)
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Maps (4)
• 5.3 AutoNavi (amap.com)
• Automotive Maps (1): Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Automotive Maps (2): The Latest Technological Progress of Autonomous Driving Maps
• Automotive Maps (2): HQ Live MAP
• Automotive Maps (2): All-domain Lane-level Navigation Installed on NIO ET9
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Maps
• Matching between HD Maps and SD Maps
• 5.4 Tencent
• Automotive Maps (1): Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Automotive Maps (2): Autonomous Driving Maps (Intelligent Driving Cloud Maps)
• Automotive Maps (2): Autonomous Driving Maps (Intelligent Driving Maps)
• Automotive Maps (2): Autonomous Driving Maps (Intelligent Driving Maps 8.0)
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Maps
• Application of Automotive Maps in Urban NOA: Horizon Continental Technology's L2+ Intelligent Driving Solution - Astra
• 5.5 Lange Technology
• Intelligent Driving Map System
• Competitive Advantages in Intelligent Driving Maps
• Four-layer Intelligent Driving Map Model
• Data Intelligence System with Weekly Updates
• Intelligent Driving Map Mass Production and Delivery Solutions
• 5.6 EMG
• Automotive Map Layout: Technology-driven + Ecological Binding
• Automotive Maps (1): Parking Lot HD Maps (1)
• Automotive Maps (1): Parking Lot HD Maps (2)
• Automotive Maps (2): Autonomous Driving Maps (Vehicle-road-cloud Integrated Maps)
• Automotive Maps (3): HD Map Cloud Platforms
• Automotive Map Application: Autonomous Driving Simulation Testing
• 5.7 MXNAVI
• Business Layout
• Industrial Qualifications
• Intelligent Driving Solutions in Urban Areas: Vehicle-cloud Integrated Route Memory
• Automotive Maps (1): Crowd-source Map Technology
• Automotive Maps (1): Progress of Crowd-source Map Platforms
• Automotive Maps (1): Crowd-source Map Platforms Empower Urban NOA
• Automotive Maps (1): Application Effect of Crowd-source Map Platforms
• Automotive Maps (2): HD Map Fusion Platforms
• 5.8 Leador
• Autonomous Driving Technology Based on HD Maps
• Application of Parking Lot HD Maps: Changan Automobile
• 5.9 Heading Data Intelligence
• Map-based Product Line
• Automotive Maps (1): HD Map Data
• Automotive Maps (2): HD Map Engines
• 5.10 BrightMap
• Automotive Maps (1): AVP HD Maps (1)
• Automotive Maps (2): AVP HD Maps (1)
• 5.11 Huawei
• Automotive Maps (1): Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Automotive Maps (2): Online Mapping
• Automotive Maps (3): Autonomous Driving Map Data
• Automotive Map Application: ADS
• 5.12 Roadgrids Technology
• Automatic Construction and Updates of Light HD Maps
• Trade-offs of Light HD Map Elements
• Light Map Closed-loop Solutions (1)
• Light Map Closed-loop Solutions (2)
• 5.13 Mapbox
• Automotive Maps: Navigation Maps (SD Maps)
• Automotive Maps: HD Maps
• 5.14 Kuandeng Technology
• "Automotive Crowd-sourced Update" Solutions
• "Roadside Crowd-sourced Update" Solutions
• HD Lite Maps
• Solutions for Matching between HD Maps and SD Maps: vehicles
• Solutions for Matching between HD Maps and SD Maps: Cloud