加州的排放標準會影響其他州的車隊嗎？

繼聯邦政府近期撤銷加州排放豁免後，本報告探討了加州的車輛排放標準如何透過被17個州和華盛頓特區採用，繼續影響全國範圍內的車隊行為。報告概述了影響加州的法律和監管框架，包括 "清潔空氣法" 的豁免條款以及加州空氣資源委員會 (CARB) 的角色。報告強調了加州 "先進清潔汽車和卡車" 計畫在加速零排放汽車 (ZEV) 普及方面的有效性，科羅拉多州是成功複製該政策的重要案例。諸如 Diamond Alternative Energy v. EPA 等法律課題凸顯了州級權力和排放監管未來發展之間日益加劇的緊張關係。 Guidehouse Research 建議監管機構採取策略性行動以維護豁免權，各州應制定相應的法律辯護方案，並建議汽車製造商根據 CARB 的市場需求調整其產品計劃，以降低風險並保持競爭力。

目錄

• 加州清潔空氣法案 (CAA) 豁免以及加州空氣資源委員會 (CARB) 的演變和全國影響
• 法律、政治和執法動態如何影響加州式排放法規的採用和有效性
• 加州排放政策如何影響汽車製造商策略並推動市場變革

In response to recent federal actions rescinding California's emissions waivers, this report explores how California's vehicle emissions standards continue to shape national fleet behavior through adoption by 17 states and Washington, DC. It outlines the legal and regulatory framework that enables California's influence, including the Clean Air Act's waiver system and the role of the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The report highlights the effectiveness of California's Advanced Clean Cars and Trucks programs in accelerating zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption, with Colorado serving as a key example of successful policy replication. Legal challenges, such as Diamond Alternative Energy v. EPA, underscore the growing tension over state-level authority and the future of emissions regulation. Guidehouse Research recommends that regulators act strategically to preserve waiver authority, that states coordinate legal defenses, and that OEMs align product planning with CARB-aligned markets to mitigate risk and maintain competitiveness.

Table of Contents

This report covers the following:

• The evolution and national impact of California's Clean Air Act (CAA) waiver and California Air Resources Board (CARB) authority
• How legal, political, and enforcement dynamics shape the adoption and effectiveness of California-style emissions regulations
• How California's emissions policies influence OEM strategies and drive market transformation