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1457038

默克細胞癌治療市場 - 2024 年至 2029 年預測

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Disease Treatment Market - Forecasts from 2024 to 2029
出版日期: | 出版商: Knowledge Sourcing Intelligence | 英文 129 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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簡介目錄

默克細胞癌治療市場預計在預測期內將以 3.43% 的複合年成長率成長，從 2022 年的 38.18 億美元增至 2029 年的 48.34 億美元。

默克細胞癌 (MCC) 是一種罕見的侵襲性皮膚癌，主要影響負責觸覺的梅克爾細胞。它通常與紫外線輻射和默克爾細胞多瘤病毒有關。治療選擇包括手術、放射線治療、化療、免疫治療和標靶治療。手術切除是主要治療方法，放射線治療針對癌細胞。化療可以殺死癌細胞或阻止它們生長，而免疫療法則利用人體的免疫系統來對抗癌症。標靶治療針對參與癌症生長的特定分子。患者與多學科團隊合作確定最佳治療計劃，定期後續觀察對於發現可能的復發或併發症非常重要。默克細胞癌是一種罕見的侵襲性皮膚癌，可以透過手術、放射線治療和免疫療法來治療。默克細胞癌症治療市場包括旨在針對和治療癌症的藥物、治療方法和醫療干預措施。關鍵組成部分包括化療藥物、免疫治療、標靶治療等。手術是一種常見的方法，放射線治療使用高能量射線來瞄準並摧毀癌細胞。免疫療法是一種重要的治療方法，可增強人體對癌細胞的免疫反應。臨床試驗為市場做出貢獻，標靶治療專注於與癌細胞生長和存活相關的特定分子和途徑。通常採用多學科方法來解決默克細胞癌的複雜性。

市場驅動力

  • 加大研發力度

默克細胞癌症治療的研發工作包括創新治療方法的開發、標靶化特定癌症生長分子、免疫療法的進展。這些措施伴隨著更多的臨床試驗來評估新治療方法的安全性和有效性，推動了市場的發展。例如，2024年1月，Verrica Pharmaceuticals開發了VP-315，一種First-in-Class的溶瘤胜肽，用於治療美國最常見的癌症基底細胞癌。這項 2 期研究是一項由兩部分組成的開放標籤、多中心、劑量遞增、概念驗證研究，旨在評估該藥物在經切片檢查證實的基底細胞癌成人患者中的安全性、藥物動力學和藥物動力學。該藥物的作用是誘導癌細胞裂解並釋放頻譜的腫瘤抗原以促進 T 細胞反應。 Verrica持有針對皮膚癌適應症開發和商業化 VP-315 的全球獨家授權。

  • 加強聯合舉措

新的皮膚切片檢查方法可以實現疾病的早期診斷和治療，改善預後和治療選擇。研究機構、製藥公司和醫療保健組織之間的合作可以透過匯集資源和專業知識來加速藥物開發並推進默克爾細胞癌研究。例如，2023年3月，默克公司宣布，在終止與輝瑞公司的合作協議後，該公司將負責抗程序性死亡配體-1（PD-1）的開發、製造和商業化。 ®（Avelumab）在全球範圍內重新獲得獨家權利默克將透過其附屬公司 Ares Trading SA 完全控制BAVENCIO的全球商業化，並將向輝瑞公司支付淨銷售額 15% 的特許權使用費，以取代其當前的利潤佔有率。默克公司將管理所有未來的研發活動，產品的製造和供應鏈將完全由默克負責。在臨床前模型中，BAVENCIO 已被證明參與適應性和先天免疫功能。

預計北美將佔據大部分市場佔有率

北美因其先進的醫療基礎設施、研發以及先進治療方法而成為默克細胞癌治療的重要市場。由於人口老化、認知提高和診斷技術改進等因素，默克爾細胞癌在美國的盛行率正在增加。該地區強大的法規環境（包括 FDA 和加拿大衛生署）為患者提供有效且安全的治療。北美，尤其是美國，由於擁有先進的醫療基礎設施、研究機構和醫療專業人員，是默克爾細胞癌治療市場的主要參與企業。該地區是醫療創新中心，學術機構、製藥公司和研究中心在開發新治療方法主導。 FDA 在癌症治療的核准和商業化方面發揮著至關重要的作用。然而，隨著時間的推移，全球研究和醫療實踐可能會影響市場佔有率。此外，大多數北美人口都有健康保險，這使其成為默克爾細胞癌治療的一個有吸引力的市場。總的來說，北美的醫療基礎設施、研究和先進治療方法有助於全面的癌症治療方法。

主要進展

  • 2024 年 1 月 - 默克核准KEYTRUDA（一種抗 PD-1 療法）與放射線治療聯合用於治療 Figo 2014 III-IVA 期子宮頸癌。這項核准是在一項 3 期研究顯示，根據 KEYNOTE- 的資料，與安慰劑和 CRT聯合治療相比，KEYTRUDA 和 CRT聯合治療使 FIGO 2014 III-IVA 期子宮頸癌患者的無惡化生存期提高了41%。 KEYTRUDA 已獲得其針對子宮頸癌的第三個適應症，使其成為美國的第 39 個適應症。
  • 2023 年 3 月 - Incyte 宣布其人源化單株抗體 Zyny 獲得 FDA核准，該抗體靶向程序性死亡受體 1 (PD-1)，用於治療成人轉移性或複發性局部晚期默克爾細胞癌(MCC)。 FDA 根據腫瘤反應率和反應持續時間 (DOR) 加速核准了 Zainiz 的生技藥品核准(BLA)。 MCC 是一種罕見的侵襲性皮膚癌，轉移率高，預後差。遠端轉移患者的 5 年總存活率估計為 14%。儘管在美國MCC的發生率不到十萬分之一，但發病率正在迅速增加，特別是在65歲以上的成年人身上。
  • 2023 年 8 月 - Verrica Pharmaceuticals 宣布了 VP-315 2 期研究第 1 部分的病灶清除資料，VP-315 是一種潛在的基底細胞癌 (BCC) 非手術免疫療法。 VP-315 是化療藥物，可導致癌細胞細胞細胞器（如粒線體）裂解，釋放頻譜腫瘤抗原以促進 T 細胞反應。 Verrica持有皮膚癌（特別是非轉移性黑色素瘤和非轉移性默克細胞癌）開發和商業化 VP-315 的全球許可。該公司最初計劃將開發重點放在基底細胞癌和鱗狀細胞癌。

主要市場區隔

依治療方法

  • 化療
  • 免疫療法
  • 手術切除術
  • 放射線治療
  • 聯合治療
  • 其他

按考試類型

  • 電腦斷層掃描
  • 正子斷層掃描
  • 切片檢查測試
  • 免疫組化檢測
  • 其他

按最終用戶

  • 醫院
  • 居家醫療
  • 專科診所及手術中心
  • 其他

按地區

  • 北美洲
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
  • 南美洲
  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 其他
  • 歐洲
  • 英國
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 其他
  • 中東 中東/非洲
  • 沙烏地阿拉伯
  • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
  • 南非
  • 其他
  • 亞太地區
  • 中國
  • 日本
  • 印度
  • 韓國
  • 其他

目錄

第1章 簡介

  • 市場概況
  • 市場定義
  • 調查範圍
  • 市場區隔
  • 貨幣
  • 先決條件
  • 基準年和預測年時間表
  • 相關人員的主要利益

第2章調查方法

  • 研究設計
  • 調查過程

第3章執行摘要

  • 主要發現
  • CXO觀點

第4章市場動態

  • 市場促進因素
  • 市場限制因素
  • 波特五力分析
  • 產業價值鏈分析
  • 分析師觀點

第5章默克爾細胞癌治療市場：依治療方法

  • 介紹
  • 化療
  • 免疫療法
  • 手術切除
  • 放射治療
  • 聯合治療
  • 其他

第6章默克爾細胞癌治療市場：依試驗類型

  • 介紹
  • 電腦軸向斷層掃描
  • 正子斷層掃描
  • 切片檢查測試
  • 免疫組化檢測
  • 其他

第7章默克爾細胞癌治療市場：依最終用戶分類

  • 介紹
  • 醫院
  • 居家醫療
  • 專科診所和外科中心
  • 其他

第8章默克爾細胞癌治療市場：按地區

  • 介紹
  • 北美洲
  • 南美洲
  • 歐洲
  • 中東/非洲
  • 亞太地區

第9章競爭環境及分析

  • 主要企業及策略分析
  • 市場佔有率分析
  • 合併、收購、協議和合作
  • 競爭對手儀表板

第10章 公司簡介

  • Merck KGaA
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Takeda Oncology（Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.）
  • Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
  • OncoSec Medical Incorporated
  • McKesson Corporation
  • Amgen Inc,
  • Immunity Bio（NantKwest）
簡介目錄
Product Code: KSI061612273

The Merkel cell carcinoma disease treatment market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.43% during the forecast period, reaching US$4.834 billion by 2029, from US$3.818 billion in 2022.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that primarily affects Merkel cells responsible for touch. It is often linked to UV radiation and the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Surgical removal is the primary treatment, while radiation therapy targets cancer cells. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells or stops growth, and immunotherapy uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. Targeted therapy targets specific molecules involved in cancer growth. Patients should work with a multidisciplinary team to determine the best treatment plan, and regular follow-ups are crucial to detect recurrence or potential complications. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. The Merkel cell carcinoma disease treatment market includes pharmaceuticals, therapies, and medical interventions designed to target and treat the cancer. Key components include chemotherapy drugs, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies. Surgery is a common approach, while radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. Immunotherapy, a significant treatment modality, enhances the body's immune response against cancer cells. Clinical trials contribute to the market, while targeted therapies focus on specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer cell growth and survival. Multidisciplinary approaches are often used to address the complex nature of Merkel cell carcinoma.

MARKET DRIVERS:

  • Growing efforts in research and development

R&D efforts in Merkel cell carcinoma treatment include developing innovative therapies, targeting specific cancer growth molecules, and advancing immunotherapy. These efforts drive the market by involving more clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments. For instance, in January 2024, Verrica Pharmaceuticals developed VP-315, a first-in-class oncolytic peptide, for treating basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of cancer in the U.S. The Phase 2 trial, a 2-part, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept study, will assess the drug's safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in adults with biopsy-proven basal cell carcinoma. The drug works by inducing lysis of tumor cell organelles and unleashing a broad spectrum of tumor antigens for T cell responses. Verrica holds a worldwide exclusive license to develop and commercialize VP-315 for dermatologic oncology indications.

  • Increased collaborative Initiatives

New skin biopsy approaches enable early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, improving prognosis and treatment options. Collaborations between research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare organizations can accelerate drug development and advance Merkel cell carcinoma research by pooling resources and expertise. For instance, in march 2023, Merck has regained exclusive worldwide rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize the anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody BAVENCIO(R) (avelumab) following the termination of their Alliance agreement with Pfizer. Merck, through its affiliate Ares Trading S.A., will take full control of the global commercialization of BAVENCIO, replacing the current profit share with a 15% royalty to Pfizer on net sales. Merck will control all future research and development activities, while the product manufacturing and supply chain will remain solely with Merck. BAVENCIO has been shown to engage both adaptive and innate immune functions in preclinical models.

North America is anticipated to hold a significant amount of the market share

North America is a significant market for Merkel cell carcinoma treatment due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, research and development, and access to advanced therapies. The prevalence of Merkel cell carcinoma in the US has increased due to factors like an aging population, increased awareness, and improved diagnostic techniques. The region's robust regulatory environment, including the FDA and Health Canada, ensures effective and safe treatments are available to patients. North America, particularly the United States, is a key player in the Merkel cell carcinoma treatment market due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, research institutions, and healthcare professionals. The region is a hub for medical innovation, with academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and research centers leading in developing new treatments. The FDA plays a crucial role in the approval and commercialization of cancer treatments. However, global research and healthcare practices can impact market shares over time. Additionally, the majority of the population in North America has health insurance coverage, making it an attractive market for Merkel cell carcinoma treatment. Overall, North America's healthcare infrastructure, research, and access to advanced therapies contribute to a comprehensive approach to cancer care.

Key Developments:

  • January 2024- Merck has approved KEYTRUDA, its anti-PD-1 therapy, in combination with chemoradiotherapy for treating FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA cervical cancer. The approval is based on data from the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-A18 trial, which showed KEYTRUDA plus CRT improved progression-free survival by 41% compared to placebo plus CRT in patients with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA disease. KEYTRUDA has received its third indication in cervical cancer and the 39th in the U.S.
  • March 2023- Incyte has received approval from the FDA for Zyny, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) for treating adults with metastatic or recurrent locally advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The FDA has accelerated approval of the Biologics License Application (BLA) for Zynyz based on tumor response rate and duration of response (DOR). MCC is a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer, with a high rate of metastatic disease and poor prognosis. The estimated five-year overall survival rate for patients with distant metastatic disease is 14%. MCC affects less than 1 per 100,000 people in the U.S., but incidence rates rapidly increase, especially in adults over 65.
  • August 2023- Verrica Pharmaceuticals has presented lesion clearance data from Part 1 of a Phase 2 study of VP-315, a potential non-surgical immunotherapy for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). VP-315 is a chemotherapeutic administered intratumorally, causing the lysis of intracellular organelles of tumor cells, such as mitochondria, and unleashing a broad spectrum of tumor antigens for T cell responses. Verrica holds a global license to develop and commercialize VP-315 for dermatologic oncology, specifically non-metastatic melanoma and non-metastatic merkel cell carcinoma. The company plans to focus initially on basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas as the lead indications for development.

Key Market Segments

By Therapy

  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Surgical Excision
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Combination Therapy
  • Others

By Test Type

  • Computerized axial tomography scan
  • Positron emission tomography scan
  • Biopsy test
  • Immunohistochemistry test
  • Others

By End-Users

  • Hospitals
  • Homecare
  • Specialty Clinics and Surgical Centers
  • Others

By Geography

  • North America
  • USA
  • Canada
  • Mexico
  • South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Others
  • Europe
  • United Kingdom
  • Germany
  • France
  • Others
  • Middle East and Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • South Africa
  • Others
  • Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • South Korea
  • Others

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1. Market Overview
  • 1.2. Market Definition
  • 1.3. Scope of the Study
  • 1.4. Market Segmentation
  • 1.5. Currency
  • 1.6. Assumptions
  • 1.7. Base, and Forecast Years Timeline
  • 1.8. Key Benefits to the Stakeholder

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 2.1. Research Design
  • 2.2. Research Processes

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 3.1. Key Findings
  • 3.2. CXO Perspective

4. MARKET DYNAMICS

  • 4.1. Market Drivers
  • 4.2. Market Restraints
  • 4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
    • 4.3.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    • 4.3.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    • 4.3.3. Threat of New Entrants
    • 4.3.4. Threat of Substitutes
    • 4.3.5. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
  • 4.4. Industry Value Chain Analysis
  • 4.5. Analyst View

5. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY THERAPY

  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Chemotherapy
    • 5.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.2.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.2.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.3. Immunotherapy
    • 5.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.3.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.3.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.4. Surgical Excision
    • 5.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.4.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.4.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.5. Radiation Therapy
    • 5.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.5.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.5.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.6. Combination Therapy
    • 5.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.6.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.6.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 5.7. Others
    • 5.7.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 5.7.2. Growth Prospects
    • 5.7.3. Geographic Lucrativeness

6. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY TEST TYPE

  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Computerized axial tomography scan
    • 6.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.2.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.2.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.3. Positron emission tomography scan
    • 6.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.3.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.3.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.4. Biopsy test
    • 6.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.4.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.4.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.5. Immunohistochemistry test
    • 6.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.5.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.5.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 6.6. Others
    • 6.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 6.6.2. Growth Prospects
    • 6.6.3. Geographic Lucrativeness

7. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY END-USERS

  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Hospitals
    • 7.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.2.2. Growth Prospects
    • 7.2.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 7.3. 7.3. Homecare
    • 7.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.3.2. Growth Prospects
    • 7.3.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 7.4. Specialty Clinics and Surgical Centers
    • 7.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.4.2. Growth Prospects
    • 7.4.3. Geographic Lucrativeness
  • 7.5. Others
    • 7.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
    • 7.5.2. Growth Prospects

Geographic Lucrativeness

8. MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA DISEASE TREATMENT MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY

  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. North America
    • 8.2.1. By Therapy
    • 8.2.2. By Test Type
    • 8.2.3. By End-User
    • 8.2.4. By Country
      • 8.2.4.1. United States
        • 8.2.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.2.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.2.4.2. Canada
        • 8.2.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.2.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.2.4.3. Mexico
        • 8.2.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.2.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.3. South America
    • 8.3.1. By Therapy
    • 8.3.2. By Test Type
    • 8.3.3. By End-User
    • 8.3.4. By Country
      • 8.3.4.1. Brazil
        • 8.3.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.3.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.3.4.2. Argentina
        • 8.3.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.3.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.3.4.3. Others
        • 8.3.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.3.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.4. Europe
    • 8.4.1. By Therapy
    • 8.4.2. By Test Type
    • 8.4.3. By End-User
    • 8.4.4. By Country
      • 8.4.4.1. United Kingdom
        • 8.4.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.2. Germany
        • 8.4.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.3. France
        • 8.4.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.4. Italy
        • 8.4.4.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.4.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.5. Spain
        • 8.4.4.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.5.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.4.4.6. Others
        • 8.4.4.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.4.4.6.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.5. Middle East and Africa
    • 8.5.1. By Therapy
    • 8.5.2. By Test Type
    • 8.5.3. By End-User
    • 8.5.4. By Country
      • 8.5.4.1. Saudi Arabia
        • 8.5.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.5.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.5.4.2. UAE
        • 8.5.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.5.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.5.4.3. Others
        • 8.5.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.5.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
  • 8.6. Asia Pacific
    • 8.6.1. By Therapy
    • 8.6.2. By Test Type
    • 8.6.3. By End-User
    • 8.6.4. By Country
      • 8.6.4.1. Japan
        • 8.6.4.1.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.1.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.2. China
        • 8.6.4.2.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.2.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.3. India
        • 8.6.4.3.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.3.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.4. South Korea
        • 8.6.4.4.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.4.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.5. Taiwan
        • 8.6.4.5.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.5.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.6. Thailand
        • 8.6.4.6.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.6.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.7. Indonesia
        • 8.6.4.7.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.7.2. Growth Prospects
      • 8.6.4.8. Others
        • 8.6.4.8.1. Market Opportunities and Trends
        • 8.6.4.8.2. Growth Prospects

9. COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT AND ANALYSIS

  • 9.1. Major Players and Strategy Analysis
  • 9.2. Market Share Analysis
  • 9.3. Mergers, Acquisitions, Agreements, and Collaborations
  • 9.4. Competitive Dashboard

10. COMPANY PROFILES

  • 10.1. Merck KGaA
  • 10.2. Pfizer Inc.
  • 10.3. Takeda Oncology (Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.)
  • 10.4. Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
  • 10.5. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
  • 10.6. OncoSec Medical Incorporated
  • 10.7. McKesson Corporation
  • 10.8. Amgen Inc,
  • 10.9. Immunity Bio (NantKwest)