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1834145

區域供熱和製冷市場（按能源來源、系統類型、溫度水平、網路配置、最終用戶和應用）- 全球預測，2025-2032

District Heating & Cooling Market by Energy Source, System Type, Temperature Level, Network Configuration, End User, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2032
出版日期: | 出版商: 360iResearch | 英文 189 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

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預計到 2032 年，區域供熱和製冷市場規模將成長至 4,044 億美元，複合年成長率為 5.86%。

主要市場統計數據
基準年2024年 2562.7億美元
預計2025年 2710.6億美元
預測年份：2032年 4044億美元
複合年成長率（%） 5.86%

定義現代區域供熱和製冷系統和投資決策的戰略重點和行業動態的簡明框架。

區域供熱製冷產業正處於能源轉型、城市韌性和基礎設施現代化的十字路口。快速的都市化、新建築的脫碳需求以及人們對循環供熱解決方案日益成長的興趣，使得綜合熱力管網對城市規劃者、公用事業公司和大型能源消費者而言具有日益重要的戰略意義。隨著相關人員尋求可靠且經濟高效的供熱脫碳方法，區域供熱系統不僅作為集中式能源服務，而且作為分散式技術、廢熱回收和多部門整合的平台，越來越受到重視。

本引言透過綜合技術趨勢、監管促進因素、供應鏈動態和用戶端採用模式，建構了本文提出的執行分析架構。它揭示了系統結構和能源來源如何與法規環境和最終用戶需求相互作用，從而推動差異化投資和營運成果。它還概述了報告中使用的關鍵分析視角，以幫助讀者理解策略建議和區域評估背後的原則。本部分著重於切實可行的見解而非推測性預測，使讀者能夠評估跨不同城市和產業的部署、維修和互通性的實際機會。

新的監管、技術和商業力量正在重塑整個區域供熱和製冷生態系統的系統結構和採購方法。

在政策目標、技術創新和相關人員不斷變化的期望的推動下，區域供熱和製冷格局正在發生重大變化。脫碳指令和淨零承諾將供熱系統置於氣候行動的前沿，迫使營運商優先考慮低碳熱源、電氣化路徑和混合配置。同時，熱泵效率、熱儲存和數位控制系統的進步正在擴展可行的系統設計範圍，並降低低溫網路的營運成本。

同時，市場參與企業正在重新調整其採購和投資策略，以應對不斷變化的供應鏈和資本配置優先順序。分散式能源和工業製程熱能回收正在更有系統的整合，使城市和園區能夠推行循環熱能模式。這些變化，加上對彈性和靈活性日益成長的需求，正在推動模組化計劃設計和分階段部​​署方法的發展。因此，相關人員必須協調近期營運需求與長期脫碳目標，以便從現有資產和新興技術中獲取價值。

不斷變化的美國關稅政策將如何改變區域供熱和製冷計劃的採購經濟、供應鏈彈性和戰略採購

美國預期的關稅政策和貿易行動將透過設備成本、零件供應和供應鏈多元化策略影響區域供熱和製冷。進口熱交換設備、特種泵浦和熱泵零件的關稅往往會增加新計畫和維修的短期資本支出，促使採購團隊考慮替代採購、本地製造夥伴關係或技術替代。為此，一些開發商在關稅調整前提前採購零件，同時調整計劃進度，以利用國內製造業獎勵以及適用的關稅豁免。

除了直接成本影響外，累積關稅措施還能提升供應鏈彈性的策略價值。計劃發起方可能會優先考慮供應商資格確認、庫存對沖和模組化設計，以便在關稅環境變化時進行漸進式升級。此外，關稅可能會改變競爭動態，使本地生產的設備相對更具吸引力，從而鼓勵對本地製造能力和售後服務的投資。最終，關稅引發的摩擦不僅會影響採購成本，還會影響進度、資金籌措結構以及開發商、EPC合作夥伴和設備製造商之間的合約風險分配。

細分主導的深入洞察能源來源、系統結構、網路設計、最終用戶配置和應用類型如何決定計劃成果和技術選擇

精細的細分視角揭示了按能源來源、系統配置、溫度制度、網路設計、最終用戶概況和應用分類的技術採用和服務交付的差異化路徑。在考慮能源來源時，相關人員必須評估生質能選項，例如原木、顆粒和木屑，以及化石能源選項，包括擁有傳統基礎設施的煤炭（例如無菸煤和煙煤）、地熱和熱液系統，以及石油（例如天然氣、餾分油和重質燃料油）。太陽能熱利用的部署取決於真空管和平板集熱器之間的硬體選擇，而廢熱策略則區分了綜合汽電共生和工業熱回收應用。

採用鍋爐房和熱電聯產配置的集中式解決方案可實現規模經濟和集中營運，而採用熱泵和微型發電的分散式方法則可實現局部控制和分階段部​​署。需要考慮溫度水平（高、中、低）以及網路損耗、管道材料以及與熱泵增強的兼容性。確定雙管、三管、單管和四管架構之間的網路配置會影響營運複雜性和多溫度供給能力。飯店、辦公和零售等商業領域優先考慮服務連續性和租戶舒適度；化工、食品加工和紙漿造紙等工業領域需要可靠的工藝供熱和高溫能力；教育、政府和醫療保健等機構部門強調彈性和法規遵從性；住宅領域優先考慮經濟實惠和連接便捷性。混合用途、冷氣、生活熱水和空間加熱領域內的應用差異決定了設備的選擇，無論混合用途採用吸收式還是電動式冷卻技術，或者製冷需求是否傾向於冷凍水或直接膨脹系統。將這種細分納入計劃級決策，可使相關人員能夠根據每個部署的獨特熱特性和服務期望調整技術規範、合約安排和資金籌措結構。

區域比較評估強調了不同的管理體制、基礎設施成熟度和資源禀賦如何影響世界各地的採用路徑

區域動態導致美洲、中東和非洲以及亞太地區在法律規範、燃料供應和部署優先順序方面存在顯著差異。在美洲，城市重建計劃和市政脫碳計畫正推動人們對結合熱泵、廢熱回收和熱電聯產的混合區域系統產生興趣。資金籌措結構正趨向於官民合作關係和公用事業主導模式，這促使計劃開發商考慮跨轄區合作，以擴大網路投資規模，同時應對政治和授權的複雜問題。

在歐洲、中東和非洲，監管動力和氣候變遷承諾正在形成強力的政策推動，推動低碳供暖，尤其強調電氣化、地熱潛力以及工業區域的系統性廢熱回收。補貼獎勵措施和嚴格的建築規範正在加速人口密集城市中心的維修活動，而中東部分地區則傾向於在水資源匱乏或需要高溫的市場中採用混合解決方案和熱驅動製冷。在亞太地區，快速的都市化和工業擴張為大規模區域系統和工業熱回收創造了大量機遇，其應用模式多種多樣，從大城市的高度集中式網路到小都市區和城郊地區的分散式模組化方法。供應鏈本地化、國內製造政策以及各國不同的監管成熟度將影響計劃時間表和技術堆疊的選擇。

對參與者的角色和能力進行策略概述，決定區域系統中的採購結果、營運彈性和長期夥伴關係價值。

產業參與者涵蓋全球工程公司、專業設備製造商、電力公司、技術供應商和計劃開發商，各自在採購、整合和長期營運方面擁有關鍵的差異化能力。同時，專業製造商專注於提高熱交換器、泵浦和熱泵相關利益者的效率，從而顯著降低生命週期營業成本。公共產業和本地營運商在服務合約、客戶獲取和定價方面擁有豐富的經驗，並且經常充當多利益相關方計劃的推動者，將市政目標與私人資本相結合。

隨著數位化提升資產利用率和客戶帳單準確性，專注於數位控制系統、先進計量和預測性維護的技術供應商正成為日益重要的合作夥伴。同時，在波動的電價環境下，或複雜的維修需要密切的技術協作時，擁有本地製造地的零件供應商可以提供具有競爭力的前置作業時間和詳盡的售後支援。這些參與者類型之間的策略聯盟，將資本提供者、系統整合商和設備專家連接起來，通常決定了計劃的融資能力和營運彈性，而將績效風險分配給經驗豐富的營運商的合約結構往往會帶來更順暢的試運行和生命週期結果。

為高階主管提供行動導向的指導，以加強供應鏈、加速數位化營運並調整商業模式，從而提供有彈性的低碳區域供熱和製冷計劃。

產業領導者應優先投資於供應鏈彈性、模組化設計和數位化營運，以確保計劃進度並提高營運效率。早期供應商參與和多源採購策略可降低電價引發的成本上升和生產瓶頸的風險，而模組化電廠組件則可隨著技術發展實現分階段部署和簡化升級。同時，營運商應加快採用數位化控制層和遠端監控，以最佳化季節性營運，實現需求面靈活性，並減少維護相關的停機時間。這些措施將使系統能夠以最小的干擾整合更多低碳熱源。

相關人員還應重新評估其合約方式，以更好地分配風險並獎勵績效。基於績效的合約和能源服務協議將獎勵與供熱或效率指標掛鉤，可以協調業主、營運商和技術供應商之間的獎勵。在可行的情況下，尋求將本地製造優勢與工程專業知識相結合的夥伴關係，以縮短前置作業時間並支援售後服務。最後，政策參與和積極參與標準制定機構，有助於確保法律規範與技術能力同步發展，並實現可擴展的部署，同時保障消費者的可負擔性和系統的互通性。

結合相關人員訪談、技術文獻檢驗和情境測試的強大混合調查方法確保了可操作且可辯護的策略結論

調查方法整合了初步訪談、技術文獻檢驗和跨學科案例分析，以產生基於證據的策略洞察。初步研究包括對相關人員的結構化訪談，包括系統營運商、設備製造商、工程承包商、市政規劃人員和工業能源經理，從而對與承包、安裝和長期營運相關的現實挑戰進行三角測量。二次研究結合了專家技術研究、政府監管文件、標準出版物和供應商技術規範，以檢驗技術性能聲明並確定政策促進因素。

基於情境的敏感度分析也檢驗了採購和關稅結果將如何影響計劃進度和供應鏈選擇。調查方法強調定性綜合而非推測性定量預測，並重點關注可複製的經驗教訓、技術就緒考量以及已在多個司法管轄區證明有效的合約結構。這種混合方法支持得出可直接應用於規劃、採購和營運決策的可靠結論。

簡潔的策略結論強調靈活性、供應鏈彈性以及透過區域供熱系統加速脫碳的基於績效的方法

摘要，區域供熱和製冷正在從利基集中式基礎設施轉型為靈活、脫碳的服務平台，該平台能夠整合多種熱源，並發揮韌性優勢。熱泵、熱儲存和數位控制的進步，以及廢熱和可再生能源的策略整合，使得集中式和分散式部署模式能夠滿足城市和產業的多樣化需求。同時，政策變化和籌資策略持續影響區域供熱和製冷的採用速度和形式，供應鏈和電價動態將對計劃經濟效益和進度產生重大（儘管是暫時的）影響。

決策者應優先考慮供應鏈多元化、模組化計劃架構和績效驅動的合約模式，以管理不確定性並加速實現脫碳目標。注重營運靈活性和策略夥伴關係關係，使相關人員能夠協調短期實施約束與長期氣候變遷和韌性目標。

目錄

第1章：前言

第2章調查方法

第3章執行摘要

第4章 市場概況

第5章 市場洞察

  • 將地熱能和太陽能等再生能源來源納入區域供熱網路
  • 部署智慧電錶和物聯網技術，實現區域供熱的即時監控和網路最佳化
  • 實施大規模工業製程熱能回收，以減少城市供熱系統的燃料消費量
  • 在冷卻網路中增加使用生質能源和垃圾焚化發電工廠的低碳熱能發電
  • 在現有供熱網路中擴大氫混合計劃，以減少碳排放並提高靈活性
  • 開發季節性熱能儲存解決方案，以平衡整個供暖和製冷季節的供需
  • 數位雙胞胎的出現，用於區域供熱和製冷基礎設施的預測性維護和性能最佳化
  • 擴大官民合作關係關係，為老化的區域能源網提供資金並加速其現代化
  • 日益關注鼓勵低溫區域供熱融入建築能源系統的法規結構
  • 提高熱電聯產廠的效率可以提高能源供應商的投資收益

第6章：2025年美國關稅的累積影響

第7章：人工智慧的累積影響，2025年

第 8 章 區域供熱和冷凍市場（依能源來源）

  • 生質能
    • 紀錄
    • 顆粒
    • 木屑
  • 煤炭
    • 無菸煤
    • 瀝青
  • 地熱
    • 地熱
    • 熱液
  • 天然氣
  • 油
    • 蒸餾油
    • 重質燃料油
  • 太陽的
    • 真空管
    • 平板
  • 廢熱
    • 汽電共生
    • 工業熱回收

9. 依系統類型分類的區域供熱和冷凍市場

  • 集中
    • 鍋爐廠
    • 熱電聯產
  • 去中心化
    • 熱泵
    • 微型發電

第 10 章 依溫度等級分類的區域供熱與冷氣市場

  • 高溫
  • 低溫
  • 中等溫度

第 11 章 區域供熱和冷凍市場（依網路配置）

  • 4根管道
  • 1根管道
  • 三根管道
  • 兩根管道

第 12 章 區域供熱和冷凍市場（依最終用戶分類）

  • 商業
    • 飯店業
    • 辦公室
    • 零售
  • 工業
    • 化學品
    • 食品加工
    • 紙漿和造紙
  • 機構
    • 教育
    • 政府
    • 衛生保健
  • 住房

第13章區域供熱和製冷市場（按應用）

  • 複雜類型
    • 吸收式製冷
    • 電冷卻
  • 冷卻
    • 冷水
    • 直接擴張
  • 熱水供應
  • 加熱

第14章區域供熱和製冷市場：按地區

  • 美洲
    • 北美洲
    • 拉丁美洲
  • 歐洲、中東和非洲
    • 歐洲
    • 中東
    • 非洲
  • 亞太地區

第15章 區域供熱和製冷市場（按類別）

  • ASEAN
  • GCC
  • EU
  • BRICS
  • G7
  • NATO

第16章 各國區域供熱和冷凍市場

  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
  • 巴西
  • 英國
  • 德國
  • 法國
  • 俄羅斯
  • 義大利
  • 西班牙
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 澳洲
  • 韓國

第17章競爭格局

  • 2024年市佔率分析
  • 2024年FPNV定位矩陣
  • 競爭分析
    • ADC Energy Systems LLC
    • Alfa Laval AB
    • Danfoss A/S
    • DC Pro Engineering LLC
    • Emicool LLC
    • Emirates Central Cooling System Corporation
    • Engie SA
    • Enwave Energy Corporation
    • Fortum Corporation
    • FVB Energy Inc.
    • Goteborg Energi AB
    • Helen Oy
    • KELAG Enegie & Warme GmbH
    • Keppel Corporation Limited
    • Korea District Heating Corporation
    • LOGSTOR Denmark Holding ApS
    • National Central Cooling Company PJSC
    • NRG Energy, Inc.
    • Orsted A/S
    • Qatar District Cooling Company QCSC
    • Ramboll Group A/S
    • Shinryo Corporation
    • Siemens AG
    • Vicinity Energy
    • ABB Group
    • Mitsubishi Corporation
Product Code: MRR-4348D129FA3E

The District Heating & Cooling Market is projected to grow by USD 404.40 billion at a CAGR of 5.86% by 2032.

KEY MARKET STATISTICS
Base Year [2024] USD 256.27 billion
Estimated Year [2025] USD 271.06 billion
Forecast Year [2032] USD 404.40 billion
CAGR (%) 5.86%

Concise framing of strategic priorities and sector dynamics that define modern district heating and cooling systems and investment decision frameworks

The district heating and cooling sector stands at the intersection of energy transition, urban resilience, and infrastructure modernization. Rapid urbanization, new building decarbonization mandates, and rising interest in circular heat solutions have elevated the strategic importance of integrated heat networks for city planners, utilities, and large-scale energy consumers. As stakeholders seek reliable and cost-effective ways to decarbonize thermal demand, district systems are increasingly evaluated not only as centralized energy services but also as platforms for distributed technologies, waste-heat recovery, and multi-vector integration.

This introduction frames the executive analysis presented here by synthesizing technological trends, regulatory drivers, supply chain dynamics, and user-side adoption patterns. It clarifies how system architectures and energy sources interact with regulatory environments and end-user needs to create differentiated investment and operational outcomes. The overview also outlines the primary analytical lenses used throughout this report, ensuring readers understand the rationale behind strategic recommendations and regional assessments. By focusing on implementable insight rather than speculative projections, this section positions the reader to assess practical opportunities for deployment, retrofit, and interoperability across diverse urban and industrial contexts.

Emerging regulatory, technological, and commercial forces reshaping system architectures and procurement approaches across district heating and cooling ecosystems

The landscape for district heating and cooling is undergoing transformative shifts driven by policy ambition, technological innovation, and shifting stakeholder expectations. Decarbonization mandates and net-zero commitments have moved thermal systems into the front lines of climate action, compelling operators to prioritize low-carbon heat sources, electrification pathways, and hybrid configurations. Concurrently, advances in heat-pump efficiency, thermal storage, and digital control systems are expanding the feasible range of system designs and lowering the operational cost of low-temperature networks.

At the same time, market participants are recalibrating procurement and investment strategies in response to evolving supply chains and capital allocation priorities. Distributed energy resources and heat recovery from industrial processes are being integrated more systematically, enabling cities and campuses to pursue circular heat models. These changes, coupled with rising demand for resilience and flexibility, are encouraging modular project design and staged implementation approaches. As a result, stakeholders must reconcile short-term operational imperatives with long-term decarbonization goals to capture value from both existing assets and emergent technologies.

How evolving United States tariff policies alter procurement economics, supply chain resilience, and strategic sourcing for district heating and cooling projects

Anticipated tariff policies and trade measures in the United States influence district heating and cooling via equipment costs, component availability, and supply chain diversification strategies. Tariffs on imported heat-exchange equipment, specialized pumps, and heat-pump components tend to increase short-term capital expenditure for new projects and retrofits, prompting procurement teams to explore alternative sourcing, local manufacturing partnerships, or technology substitutions. In response, some developers accelerate component procurement ahead of tariff changes while others re-phase projects to leverage domestic production incentives or tariff exemptions where eligible.

Beyond direct cost implications, cumulative tariff actions increase the strategic value of supply chain resilience. Project sponsors are likely to place higher priority on supplier qualification, inventory hedging, and modular designs that permit phased upgrades as tariff environments evolve. Moreover, tariffs can shift competitive dynamics by making locally produced equipment relatively more attractive, which in turn encourages investment in regional manufacturing capabilities and aftermarket services. Ultimately, tariff-driven friction affects not only procurement costs but also timelines, financing structures, and contractual risk allocation between developers, EPC partners, and equipment manufacturers.

Deep segmentation-driven insight into how energy sources, system architectures, network designs, end-user profiles, and application types determine project outcomes and technology choices

A granular segmentation lens reveals differentiated pathways for technology adoption and service delivery across energy sources, system configurations, temperature regimes, network design, end-user profiles, and applications. When considering energy sources, stakeholders must evaluate biomass options-such as logs, pellets, and wood chips-alongside coal variants like anthracite and bituminous where legacy infrastructure remains, geothermal choices that span ground source and hydrothermal systems, and fossil-based options including natural gas and oil types such as distillate and heavy fuel oil. Solar thermal deployments rely on hardware choices between evacuated tube and flat plate collectors, while waste heat strategies differentiate cogeneration integration from industrial heat recovery applications.

System type is another critical determinant of planning decisions, with centralized solutions characterized by boiler plants and combined heat and power configurations offering economies of scale and centralized operations, and decentralized approaches using heat pumps and microgeneration enabling localized control and incremental rollout. Temperature level considerations-high, medium, and low-shape network losses, piping materials, and suitability for heat-pump augmentation. Network configuration decisions between two-pipe, three-pipe, single-pipe, and four-pipe architectures influence complexity of operation and capacity for multi-temperature delivery. End users exhibit distinct requirements: commercial segments such as hospitality, offices, and retail prioritize service continuity and tenant comfort; industrial customers in chemicals, food processing, and pulp and paper demand reliable process heat and high-temperature capabilities; institutional settings covering education, government, and healthcare focus on resilience and regulatory compliance; and residential deployments prioritize affordability and ease of connection. Application differentiation across combined uses, cooling, domestic hot water, and space heating drives equipment selection, whether combined applications leverage absorption or electric cooling technologies or whether cooling requirements favor chilled water or direct expansion systems. Integrating this segmentation into project-level decision making enables stakeholders to align technical specifications, contractual arrangements, and financing structures with the unique thermal profile and service expectations of each deployment context.

Comparative regional assessment highlighting how distinct regulatory regimes, infrastructure maturity, and resource endowments shape deployment pathways across global regions

Regional dynamics create material differences in regulatory frameworks, fuel availability, and deployment priorities across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific. In the Americas, urban renewal projects and municipal decarbonization plans have increased interest in hybrid district systems that combine heat pumps, waste-heat recovery, and CHP where favorable. Financing structures tend to emphasize public-private partnerships and utility-led models, and project developers increasingly consider cross-jurisdictional collaboration to scale network investments while managing political and permitting complexity.

In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory drivers and climate commitments shape a strong policy impetus toward low-carbon heat, with particular emphasis on electrification, geothermal potential, and systematic waste heat capture in industrial corridors. Incentive schemes and stringent building codes accelerate retrofit activity in dense urban centers, while water-scarce or high-temperature-need markets in parts of the Middle East favor hybrid solutions and heat-driven cooling. In the Asia-Pacific region, rapid urbanization and industrial expansion create abundant opportunities for large-scale district systems and industrial heat recovery, with diverse adoption profiles ranging from highly centralized networks in major cities to decentralized, modular approaches in smaller urban and peri-urban settings. Supply chain localization, domestic manufacturing policies, and varying regulatory maturity across nations influence project timelines and the selection of technology stacks.

Strategic overview of participant roles and capabilities that determine procurement outcomes, operational resilience, and long-term partnership value in district systems

Industry participants span global engineering firms, specialist equipment manufacturers, utilities, technology providers, and project developers, each bringing differentiated capabilities that matter for procurement, integration, and long-term operations. Large engineering and construction companies offer integrated delivery capabilities and experience with complex central plant design, enabling full-scope builds from feasibility to commissioning, while specialist manufacturers focus on efficiency improvements in heat exchangers, pumps, and heat-pump technology that can materially lower lifecycle operating costs. Utilities and district operators provide critical experience in service contracting, customer acquisition, and tariff setting, and they often act as conveners for multi-stakeholder projects that combine municipal goals with private capital.

Technology providers that specialize in digital control systems, advanced metering, and predictive maintenance are increasingly important partners, as digitalization improves asset utilization and customer billing accuracy. Meanwhile, component suppliers with regional manufacturing footprints can offer competitive lead times and tailored after-sale support, which matters in tariff-volatile environments and when complex retrofits require close technical collaboration. Strategic alliances across these participant types-linking capital providers, system integrators, and equipment specialists-frequently determine project bankability and operational resilience, and contract structures that allocate performance risk to experienced operators tend to yield smoother commissioning and lifecycle outcomes.

Action-oriented guidance for executives to strengthen supply chains, accelerate digital operations, and align commercial models to deliver resilient low-carbon district heating and cooling projects

Industry leaders should prioritize investments in supply chain resilience, modular design, and digital operations to preserve project timelines and capture operational efficiencies. Early supplier engagement and multi-sourcing strategies reduce exposure to tariff-induced cost spikes and production bottlenecks, and implementing modular plant components enables staged deployment and simpler upgrades as technologies evolve. In parallel, operators should accelerate adoption of digital control layers and remote monitoring to optimize seasonal operation, enable demand-side flexibility, and reduce maintenance-related downtime. These measures position systems to integrate additional low-carbon heat sources with minimal disruption.

Stakeholders should also re-evaluate contracting approaches to better allocate risk and incentivize performance. Performance-based contracts and energy service agreements that tie compensation to thermal delivery and efficiency metrics can align incentives across owners, operators, and technology suppliers. Where feasible, pursue partnerships that combine local manufacturing strengths with engineering expertise to shorten lead times and support aftermarket services. Finally, policy engagement and proactive participation in standards-setting bodies help ensure that regulatory frameworks evolve in step with technological capabilities, enabling scalable deployment while safeguarding consumer affordability and system interoperability.

Robust mixed-methods methodology combining stakeholder interviews, technical literature validation, and scenario testing to ensure actionable and defensible strategic conclusions

The research approach synthesizes primary interviews, technical literature review, and cross-sector case analysis to produce grounded strategic insight. Primary research involved structured interviews with stakeholders including system operators, equipment manufacturers, engineering contractors, municipal planners, and industrial energy managers, enabling triangulation of practical challenges related to contracting, installation, and long-term operation. Secondary research incorporated peer-reviewed technical studies, government regulatory documents, standards publications, and vendor technical specifications to validate technology performance claims and to contextualize policy drivers.

Analytical rigor was ensured through cross-validation of interview inputs with documented case studies and manufacturer performance data, while scenario-based sensitivity analysis tested how different procurement and tariff outcomes would affect project timelines and supply chain choices. The methodology emphasized qualitative synthesis over speculative quantitative projection, focusing on replicable lessons, technology readiness considerations, and contractual structures that have demonstrated efficacy across multiple jurisdictions. This mixed-methods approach supports robust conclusions that are directly applicable to planning, procurement, and operational decision making.

Concise synthesis of strategic conclusions emphasizing flexibility, supply chain resilience, and performance-based approaches to accelerate decarbonization through district thermal systems

In summary, district heating and cooling is transitioning from niche, centralized infrastructure to a flexible, decarbonization-aligned service platform capable of integrating diverse heat sources and delivering resilience benefits. Technological improvements in heat pumps, thermal storage, and digital controls, together with strategic integration of waste heat and renewable thermal sources, enable both centralized and decentralized deployment models that meet a spectrum of urban and industrial needs. Meanwhile, policy shifts and procurement strategies will continue to shape the pace and form of adoption, with supply chain and tariff dynamics exerting episodic but significant influence on project economics and timelines.

Decision makers should prioritize supply chain diversification, modular project architectures, and performance-driven contracting to manage uncertainty and accelerate realization of decarbonization objectives. By focusing on operational flexibility and strategic partnerships, stakeholders can reconcile short-term implementation constraints with long-term climate and resiliency goals, thereby unlocking value for customers and communities while advancing shared policy objectives.

Table of Contents

1. Preface

  • 1.1. Objectives of the Study
  • 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
  • 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
  • 1.4. Currency & Pricing
  • 1.5. Language
  • 1.6. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview

5. Market Insights

  • 5.1. Integration of renewable energy sources such as geothermal and solar thermal in district heating networks
  • 5.2. Deployment of smart meter and IoT enabled technology for real-time monitoring and network optimization in district heating
  • 5.3. Implementation of large-scale heat recovery from industrial processes to reduce fuel consumption in urban heating systems
  • 5.4. Increasing adoption of low-carbon heat generation using bioenergy and waste-to-energy plants in cooling networks
  • 5.5. Expansion of hydrogen blending projects within existing heating networks to lower carbon emissions and enhance flexibility
  • 5.6. Development of seasonal thermal energy storage solutions to balance supply and demand across heating and cooling seasons
  • 5.7. Emergence of digital twins for predictive maintenance and performance optimization of district heating and cooling infrastructure
  • 5.8. Growth of public-private partnerships to finance and accelerate modernization of aging district energy grids
  • 5.9. Rising focus on regulatory frameworks incentivizing low-temperature district heating for integration with building energy systems
  • 5.10. Advancements in combined heat and power plant efficiency enabling higher return on investment for energy providers

6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025

7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025

8. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Energy Source

  • 8.1. Biomass
    • 8.1.1. Logs
    • 8.1.2. Pellets
    • 8.1.3. Wood Chips
  • 8.2. Coal
    • 8.2.1. Anthracite
    • 8.2.2. Bituminous
  • 8.3. Geothermal
    • 8.3.1. Ground Source
    • 8.3.2. Hydrothermal
  • 8.4. Natural Gas
  • 8.5. Oil
    • 8.5.1. Distillate
    • 8.5.2. Heavy Fuel Oil
  • 8.6. Solar
    • 8.6.1. Evacuated Tube
    • 8.6.2. Flat Plate
  • 8.7. Waste Heat
    • 8.7.1. Cogeneration
    • 8.7.2. Industrial Heat Recovery

9. District Heating & Cooling Market, by System Type

  • 9.1. Centralized
    • 9.1.1. Boiler Plants
    • 9.1.2. Combined Heat And Power
  • 9.2. Decentralized
    • 9.2.1. Heat Pumps
    • 9.2.2. Microgeneration

10. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Temperature Level

  • 10.1. High Temperature
  • 10.2. Low Temperature
  • 10.3. Medium Temperature

11. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Network Configuration

  • 11.1. Four Pipe
  • 11.2. Single Pipe
  • 11.3. Three Pipe
  • 11.4. Two Pipe

12. District Heating & Cooling Market, by End User

  • 12.1. Commercial
    • 12.1.1. Hospitality
    • 12.1.2. Offices
    • 12.1.3. Retail
  • 12.2. Industrial
    • 12.2.1. Chemicals
    • 12.2.2. Food Processing
    • 12.2.3. Pulp And Paper
  • 12.3. Institutional
    • 12.3.1. Education
    • 12.3.2. Government
    • 12.3.3. Healthcare
  • 12.4. Residential

13. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Application

  • 13.1. Combined
    • 13.1.1. Absorption Cooling
    • 13.1.2. Electric Cooling
  • 13.2. Cooling
    • 13.2.1. Chilled Water
    • 13.2.2. Direct Expansion
  • 13.3. Domestic Hot Water
  • 13.4. Space Heating

14. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Region

  • 14.1. Americas
    • 14.1.1. North America
    • 14.1.2. Latin America
  • 14.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
    • 14.2.1. Europe
    • 14.2.2. Middle East
    • 14.2.3. Africa
  • 14.3. Asia-Pacific

15. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Group

  • 15.1. ASEAN
  • 15.2. GCC
  • 15.3. European Union
  • 15.4. BRICS
  • 15.5. G7
  • 15.6. NATO

16. District Heating & Cooling Market, by Country

  • 16.1. United States
  • 16.2. Canada
  • 16.3. Mexico
  • 16.4. Brazil
  • 16.5. United Kingdom
  • 16.6. Germany
  • 16.7. France
  • 16.8. Russia
  • 16.9. Italy
  • 16.10. Spain
  • 16.11. China
  • 16.12. India
  • 16.13. Japan
  • 16.14. Australia
  • 16.15. South Korea

17. Competitive Landscape

  • 17.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
  • 17.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
  • 17.3. Competitive Analysis
    • 17.3.1. ADC Energy Systems LLC
    • 17.3.2. Alfa Laval AB
    • 17.3.3. Danfoss A/S
    • 17.3.4. DC Pro Engineering LLC
    • 17.3.5. Emicool LLC
    • 17.3.6. Emirates Central Cooling System Corporation
    • 17.3.7. Engie SA
    • 17.3.8. Enwave Energy Corporation
    • 17.3.9. Fortum Corporation
    • 17.3.10. FVB Energy Inc.
    • 17.3.11. Goteborg Energi AB
    • 17.3.12. Helen Oy
    • 17.3.13. KELAG Enegie & Warme GmbH
    • 17.3.14. Keppel Corporation Limited
    • 17.3.15. Korea District Heating Corporation
    • 17.3.16. LOGSTOR Denmark Holding ApS
    • 17.3.17. National Central Cooling Company PJSC
    • 17.3.18. NRG Energy, Inc.
    • 17.3.19. Orsted A/S
    • 17.3.20. Qatar District Cooling Company Q.C.S.C.
    • 17.3.21. Ramboll Group A/S
    • 17.3.22. Shinryo Corporation
    • 17.3.23. Siemens AG
    • 17.3.24. Vicinity Energy
    • 17.3.25. ABB Group
    • 17.3.26. Mitsubishi Corporation

LIST OF FIGURES

  • FIGURE 1. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 2. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 3. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 4. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 5. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 6. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 7. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 8. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 9. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 10. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 11. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 12. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2032 (%)
  • FIGURE 13. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 14. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 15. AMERICAS DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 16. NORTH AMERICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 17. LATIN AMERICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 18. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 19. EUROPE DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 20. MIDDLE EAST DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 21. AFRICA DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 22. ASIA-PACIFIC DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 23. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUP, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 24. ASEAN DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 25. GCC DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 26. EUROPEAN UNION DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 27. BRICS DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 28. G7 DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 29. NATO DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 30. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
  • FIGURE 31. DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024
  • FIGURE 32. DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2024

LIST OF TABLES

  • TABLE 1. DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
  • TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018-2024
  • TABLE 3. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 4. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 5. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 6. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 7. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 8. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 9. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 10. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 11. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 12. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 13. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 14. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BIOMASS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 15. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 16. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 17. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 18. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 19. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 20. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOGS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 21. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 22. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 23. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 24. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 25. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 26. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PELLETS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 27. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 28. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 29. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 30. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 31. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 32. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WOOD CHIPS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 33. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 34. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 35. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 36. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 37. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 38. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 39. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 40. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 41. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 42. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 43. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 44. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 45. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 46. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY ANTHRACITE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 47. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 48. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 49. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 50. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 51. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 52. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BITUMINOUS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 53. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 54. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 55. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 56. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 57. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 58. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 59. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 60. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GEOTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 61. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 62. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 63. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 64. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 65. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 66. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GROUND SOURCE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 67. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 68. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 69. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 70. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 71. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 72. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROTHERMAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 73. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 74. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 75. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 76. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 77. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 78. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NATURAL GAS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 79. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 80. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 81. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 82. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 83. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 84. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 85. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 86. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 87. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 88. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 89. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 90. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 91. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 92. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DISTILLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 93. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 94. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 95. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 96. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 97. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 98. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY FUEL OIL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 99. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 100. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 101. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 102. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 103. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 104. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 105. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 106. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SOLAR, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 107. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 108. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 109. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 110. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 111. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 112. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EVACUATED TUBE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 113. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 114. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 115. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 116. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 117. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 118. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FLAT PLATE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 119. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 120. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 121. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 122. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 123. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 124. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 125. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 126. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY WASTE HEAT, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 127. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 128. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 129. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 130. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 131. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 132. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 133. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 134. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 135. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 136. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 137. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 138. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 139. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 140. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 141. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 142. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 143. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 144. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 145. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 146. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 147. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 148. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 149. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 150. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 151. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 152. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 153. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 154. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY BOILER PLANTS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 155. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 156. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 157. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 158. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 159. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 160. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMBINED HEAT AND POWER, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 161. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 162. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 163. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 164. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 165. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 166. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 167. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 168. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY DECENTRALIZED, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 169. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 170. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 171. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 172. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 173. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 174. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEAT PUMPS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 175. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 176. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 177. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 178. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 179. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 180. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MICROGENERATION, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 181. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 182. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TEMPERATURE LEVEL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 183. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 184. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 185. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 186. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 187. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 188. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HIGH TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 189. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 190. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 191. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 192. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 193. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 194. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY LOW TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 195. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 196. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 197. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 198. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 199. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 200. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY MEDIUM TEMPERATURE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 201. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 202. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY NETWORK CONFIGURATION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 203. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 204. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 205. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 206. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 207. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 208. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOUR PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 209. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 210. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 211. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 212. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 213. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 214. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY SINGLE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 215. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 216. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 217. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 218. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 219. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 220. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY THREE PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 221. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 222. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 223. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 224. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 225. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 226. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY TWO PIPE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 227. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 228. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 229. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 230. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 231. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 232. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 233. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 234. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 235. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 236. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 237. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 238. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 239. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 240. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 241. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 242. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HOSPITALITY, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 243. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 244. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 245. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 246. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 247. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 248. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY OFFICES, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 249. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 250. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 251. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 252. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 253. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 254. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 255. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 256. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 257. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 258. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 259. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 260. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 261. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 262. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 263. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 264. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 265. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 266. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 267. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 268. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY CHEMICALS, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 269. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 270. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 271. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 272. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 273. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 274. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD PROCESSING, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 275. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 276. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 277. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 278. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 279. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 280. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY PULP AND PAPER, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 281. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 282. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 283. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 284. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 285. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 286. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 287. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 288. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY INSTITUTIONAL, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 289. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 290. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 291. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 292. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 293. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 294. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY EDUCATION, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 295. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 296. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 297. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 298. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 299. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 300. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY GOVERNMENT, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 301. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 302. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY REGION, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 303. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY GROUP, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 304. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY GROUP, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 305. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 306. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEATING & COOLING MARKET SIZE, BY HEALTHCARE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2032 (USD MILLION)
  • TABLE 307. GLOBAL DISTRICT HEAT