光療市場——按產品類型、應用、光類型、最終用途和全球預測，2023-2032 年

到 2032 年，全球光療市場預計將顯著擴大。

這主要是由於人們越來越偏愛非侵入性手術，以保證更好的患者護理和更少的痛苦。 此外，對便攜式手持設備等技術先進產品的需求不斷增加，也將有利於 2023 年至 2032 年的市場發展。 例如，2021 年 1 月的一項研究表明，在過去幾年中，移動設備確保了更好的患者護理。

此外，主要市場供應商正在進行有意義的收購和合併，以擴大其產品組合併鞏固其地位。 例如，2022 年 12 月，領先的光療解決方案供應商 Vellgus Red Light 將推出最先進的紅光治療設備，該設備使用近紅外和紅光來減少炎症並促進傷口癒合。現已發售。

總體而言，光療市場根據產品、應用、光、最終用途和區域進行細分。

按產品類型劃分，由於季節性情感障礙和其他類型的抑鬱症病例不斷增加，預計到 2032 年黎明模擬器細分市場將獲得顯著增長。 研究表明，人工黎明效應可改善患者覺醒後的睡眠慣性和認知能力。

按應用劃分，光療市場預計將以銀屑病細分市場為特徵，預計到 2022 年將佔據超過 20% 的市場份額，並在 2032 年之前實現顯著增長。 該細分市場的擴張可歸因於全球皮膚病病例數量的增加。

根據世界銀屑病日聯盟的數據，全球約有 1.25 億人（佔總人口的 2-3%）患有銀屑病。 事實證明，光療是治療牛皮癬最有益的解決方案之一。 據估計，光療法可以顯著改善多達 90% 的患者的牛皮癬症狀。

從最終用途的角度來看，到 2032 年，該行業的其餘部分（包括醫院和專科診所）將顯著增長。 越來越多地使用光療來治療新生兒皮膚病和黃疸，預計將推動市場需求。

按地區劃分，亞太光療市場預計在短期內將達到 4 億美元以上。 該地區的市場增長可歸因於私人和公共機構增加資金以提高人們對光療的認識。 此外，該地區主要市場參與者的戰略舉措將在未來幾年進一步刺激行業擴張。

內容

第一章研究方法論

• 調查方法
• 市場範圍和定義
• 基本估算和計算結果
• 預測計算
• 數據驗證
• 數據源
  • 主要數據
  • 二手數據
    • 付費資源
    • 無償來源

第 2 章執行摘要

第 3 章光療行業洞察

• 2018-2032 年行業格局
• 工業生態系統分析
  • 供應商矩陣
  • 分銷渠道分析
  • 利潤率趨勢
• 影響行業的因素
  • 司機
    • 患者越來越喜歡非侵入性手術
    • 新興經濟體的有利贖回情景
    • 光療技術進展
    • 越來越多的人採用藍光療法治療皮膚病
  • 行業潛在的風險和挑戰
    • 副作用風險
    • 在經濟發展中國家缺乏認可
• 增長分析
  • 按產品分類
  • 通過申請
  • 按燈光類型
  • 按最終用途
• COVID-19 影響分析
• 監管狀況
  • 美國
  • 歐洲
• 退款場景
  • 美國
• 波特的分析
• PESTEL 分析

第四章競爭格局

• 介紹
• 競爭儀表板，2021 年
• 每家公司的市場份額（2021 年）
• 主要市場參與者的競爭分析
• 競爭對手定位矩陣
• 戰略視角矩陣

第 5 章光療市場：按產品分類

• 主要細分趨勢
• 燈箱
• 落地燈、檯燈
• 遮光罩
• 高速數據傳輸
• 黎明模擬器
• 光療燈泡
• 其他

第 6 章光療市場：按應用

• 主要細分趨勢
• 銀屑病
• 白癜風
• 濕疹
• 尋常痤瘡
• 冬日藍
• 睡眠障礙
• 悲傷
• 其他

第 7 章光療市場：按光源類型

• 主要細分趨勢
• 藍光
• 紅燈
• 白光
• 其他

第 8 章光療市場：按最終用途分類

• 主要細分趨勢
• 家庭護理設置
• 皮膚科診所
• 其他

第 9 章光療市場：區域細分

• 主要區域趨勢
• 北美
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
• 歐洲
  • 德國
  • 英國
  • 法國
  • 意大利
  • 西班牙
  • 俄羅斯
• 亞太地區
  • 日本
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 澳大利亞
  • 韓國
• 拉丁美洲
  • 巴西
  • 墨西哥
  • 阿根廷
• 中東和非洲
  • 南非
  • 沙特阿拉伯
  • 阿聯酋

第十章公司簡介

• Aura Daylight
• Beurer
• BioPhotas
• Carex（Compass Health Brands Corp.）
• The Daavlin Company
• Lucimed
• Lumie
• Medisana GmBh
• Northern Light Technologies
• Niraxx
• Verilux
• PhotoMedex

Global Light Therapy Market is set to expand significantly through 2032, primarily owing to the increasing preference towards non-invasive procedures that ensure better patient care and are less painful. Additionally, increasing demand for technologically advanced products such as portable handheld devices will also benefit the market progression during 2023-2032. For instance, in January 2021, research demonstrated that mobile devices have ensured better care for patients for over the past few years.

In addition, the key market providers are expanding their portfolios and engaging in meaningful acquisitions and mergers to strengthen their position. Citing an instance, in December 2022, a leading supplier of light therapy solutions, Vellgus Red Light launched its latest red light therapy device that uses near-infrared and red light to reduce inflammation and enhance the healing of wounds.

Overall, the light therapy market has been segmented in terms of product, application, light, end-use, and region.

Based on the product, the dawn simulator segment is set to gain significant traction by 2032, owing to the rising cases of seasonal affective disorder and other types of depression. Research has proven that artificial dawn effects improve sleep inertia and cognitive performance among patients once they wake up.

On the basis of application, the light therapy market is likely to be characterized by the psoriasis segment which accounted for more than 20% market share in 2022 and is anticipated to grow substantially through 2032. The segmental expansion will be ascribed to the increasing cases of skin conditions worldwide.

As per the data from the World Psoriasis Day Consortium, approximately 125 million people across the world (representing 2-3% of the total population) are suffering from psoriasis. Light therapy thus emerges to be one of the most beneficial solutions, to treat psoriasis. According to estimates, light therapy can offer noticeable improvement in psoriasis symptoms in up to 90% patients.

In terms of end-use, the others segment, which comprises hospitals and specialty clinics will grow significantly through 2032. The increasing adoption of light therapy to treat newborns from skin conditions and jaundice is anticipated to drive the market demand.

In the regional context, the Asia Pacific light therapy market is expected to reach more than USD 400 million over the foreseeable time . The regional market growth can be accredited to the increasing funding by private and public organizations to generate awareness about light therapy. Besides, strategic initiatives by major market players in this region would further add to the industry expansion in the coming years.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Methodology

• 1.1 Methodology
• 1.2 Market scope & definitions
• 1.3 Base estimates and calculations
  • 1.3.1 North America
  • 1.3.2 Europe
  • 1.3.3 Asia Pacific
  • 1.3.4 Latin America
  • 1.3.5 MEA
• 1.4 Forecast calculations
• 1.5 Data validation
• 1.6 Data sources
  • 1.6.1 Primary
  • 1.6.2 Secondary
    • 1.6.2.1 Paid sources
    • 1.6.2.2 Unpaid sources

Chapter 2 Executive Summary

• 2.1 Light therapy industry 360 degree synopsis, 2018 - 2032
  • 2.1.1 Business trends
  • 2.1.2 Product trends
  • 2.1.3 Application trends
  • 2.1.4 Light type trends
  • 2.1.5 End-use trends
  • 2.1.6 Regional trends

Chapter 3 Light Therapy Industry Insights

• 3.1 Industry landscape, 2018-2032
• 3.2 Industry ecosystem analysis
  • 3.2.1 Vendor matrix
  • 3.2.2 Distribution channel analysis
  • 3.2.3 Profit margin trends
• 3.3 Industry impact forces
  • 3.3.1 Growth drivers
    • 3.3.1.1 Growing patient preference towards noninvasive procedure
    • 3.3.1.2 Favorable reimbursement scenario in developed economies
    • 3.3.1.3 Technological advancement in light therapy
    • 3.3.1.4 Rising adoption of blue light therapy for skin disease
  • 3.3.2 Industry pitfalls & challenges
    • 3.3.2.1 Risk of side effects
    • 3.3.2.2 Lack of awareness in underdeveloped economies
• 3.4 Growth potential analysis
  • 3.4.1 By product
  • 3.4.2 By application
  • 3.4.3 By light type
  • 3.4.4 By end-use
• 3.5 COVID- 19 impact analysis
• 3.6 Regulatory landscape
  • 3.6.1 U.S.
  • 3.6.2 Europe
• 3.7 Reimbursement scenario
  • 3.7.1 U.S.
• 3.8 Porter's analysis
• 3.9 PESTEL analysis

Chapter 4 Competitive Landscape

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Competitive dashboard, 2021
• 4.3 Company market share, 2021
• 4.4 Competitive analysis of major market players
• 4.5 Competitive positioning matrix
• 4.6 Strategic outlook matrix

Chapter 5 Light Therapy Market, By Product

• 5.1 Key segment trends
• 5.2 Light box
  • 5.2.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 5.3 Floor and desk lamp
  • 5.3.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 5.4 Light visor
  • 5.4.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 5.5 HSDT
  • 5.5.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 5.6 Dawn simulator
  • 5.6.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 5.7 Light therapy bulbs
  • 5.7.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 5.8 Others
  • 5.8.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)

Chapter 6 Light Therapy Market, By Application

• 6.1 Key segment trends
• 6.2 Psoriasis
  • 6.2.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 6.3 Vitiligo
  • 6.3.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 6.4 Eczema
  • 6.4.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 6.5 Acne vulgaris
  • 6.5.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 6.6 Winter blues
  • 6.6.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 6.7 Sleeping disorder
  • 6.7.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 6.8 SAD
  • 6.8.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 6.9 Others
  • 6.9.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)

Chapter 7 Light Therapy Market, By Light Type

• 7.1 Key segment trends
• 7.2 Blue light
  • 7.2.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 7.3 Red light
  • 7.3.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 7.4 White light
  • 7.4.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 7.5 Others
  • 7.5.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)

Chapter 8 Light Therapy Market, By End-use

• 8.1 Key segment trends
• 8.2 Homecare settings
  • 8.2.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 8.3 Dermatology clinics
  • 8.3.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)
• 8.4 Others
  • 8.4.1 Market estimates and forecast, 2018-2032 (USD Million)

Chapter 9 Light Therapy Market, By Region

• 9.1 Key regional trends
• 9.2 North America
  • 9.2.1 U.S.
  • 9.2.2 Canada
• 9.3 Europe
  • 9.3.1 Germany
  • 9.3.2 UK
  • 9.3.3 France
  • 9.3.4 Italy
  • 9.3.5 Spain
  • 9.3.6 Russia
• 9.4 Asia Pacific
  • 9.4.1 Japan
  • 9.4.2 China
  • 9.4.3 India
  • 9.4.4 Australia
  • 9.4.5 South Korea
• 9.5 Latin America
  • 9.5.1 Brazil
  • 9.5.2 Mexico
  • 9.5.3 Argentina
• 9.6 Middle East & Africa
  • 9.6.1 South Africa
  • 9.6.2 Saudi Arabia
  • 9.6.3 UAE

Chapter 10 Company Profiles

• 10.1 Aura Daylight
• 10.2 Beurer
• 10.3 BioPhotas
• 10.4 Carex (Compass Health Brands Corp.)
• 10.5 The Daavlin Company
• 10.6 Lucimed
• 10.7 Lumie
• 10.8 Medisana GmBh
• 10.9 Northern Light Technologies
• 10.10 Niraxx
• 10.11 Verilux
• 10.12 PhotoMedex

Data Tables

• TABLE 1 Light therapy market, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 2 Light therapy market, by product, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 3 Light therapy market, by application, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 4 Light therapy market, by light type, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 5 Light therapy market, by end-use, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 6 Light therapy market, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 7 Industry impact forces
• TABLE 8 Light box market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 9 Floor and desk lamps systems market size, by region, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 10 Light visor market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 11 HDST market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 12 Dawn simulator market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 13 Light therapy bulbs market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 14 Others market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 15 Psoriasis market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 16 Vitiligo market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 17 Eczema market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 18 Acne vulgaris market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 19 Winter blues market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 20 Sleeping disorders market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 21 SAD market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 22 Others market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 23 Blue light market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 24 Red light market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 25 White light market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 26 Others market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 27 Homecare settings market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 28 Dermatology clinics market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 29 Others market size, by region, 2018 - 2032(USD Million)
• TABLE 30 North America market size, by country, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 31 North America market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 32 North America market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 33 North America market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 34 North America market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 35 U.S. market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 36 U.S. market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 37 U.S. market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 38 U.S. market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 39 Canada market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 40 Canada market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 41 Canada market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 42 Canada market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 43 Europe market size, by country, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 44 Europe market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 45 Europe market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 46 Europe market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 47 Europe market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 48 Germany market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 49 Germany market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 50 Germany market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 51 Germany market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 52 UK market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 53 UK market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 54 UK market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 55 UK market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 56 France market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 57 France market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 58 France market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 59 France market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 60 Italy market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 61 Italy market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 62 Italy market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 63 Italy market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 64 Spain market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 65 Spain market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 66 Spain market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 67 Spain market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 68 Russia market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 69 Russia market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 70 Russia market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 71 Russia market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 72 Asia Pacific market size, by country, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 73 Asia Pacific market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 74 Asia Pacific market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 75 Asia Pacific market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 76 Asia Pacific market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 77 Japan market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 78 Japan market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 79 Japan market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 80 Japan market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 81 China market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 82 China market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 83 China market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 84 China market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 85 India market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 86 India market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 87 India market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 88 India market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 89 Australia market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 90 Australia market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 91 Australia market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 92 Australia market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 93 South Korea market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 94 South Korea market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 95 South Korea market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 96 South Korea market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 97 Latin America market size, by country, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 98 Latin America market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 99 Latin America market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 100 Latin America market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 101 Latin America market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 102 Brazil market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 103 Brazil market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 104 Brazil market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 105 Brazil market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 106 Mexico market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 107 Mexico market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 108 Mexico market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 109 Mexico market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 110 Argentina market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 111 Argentina market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 112 Argentina market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 113 Argentina market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 114 MEA market size, by country, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 115 MEA market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 116 MEA market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 117 MEA market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 118 MEA market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 119 South Africa market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 120 South Africa market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 121 South Africa market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 122 South Africa market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 123 Saudi Arabia market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 124 Saudi Arabia market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 125 Saudi Arabia market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 126 Saudi Arabia market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 127 UAE market size, by product, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 128 UAE market size, by application, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 129 UAE market size, by light type, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• TABLE 130 UAE market size, by end-use, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)

Charts & Figures

• FIG 1 Strategy dashboard
• FIG 2 Methodology
• FIG 3 Industry segmentation
• FIG 4 Light therapy industry 360 degree synopsis, 2018 - 2032
• FIG 5 Global light therapy market, by region, 2018 - 2032 (USD Million)
• FIG 6 Industry ecosystem analysis
• FIG 7 Growth potential analysis, by product
• FIG 8 Growth potential analysis, by application
• FIG 9 Growth potential analysis, by light type
• FIG 10 Growth potential analysis, by end-use
• FIG 11 Porter's analysis
• FIG 12 PESTEL analysis
• FIG 13 Competitive dashboard, 2021
• FIG 14 Company matrix analysis, 2021
• FIG 15 Competitive analysis of major market players, 2021
• FIG 16 Competitive positioning matrix
• FIG 17 Strategic outlook matrix
• FIG 18 Key application trends
• FIG 19 Key light type trends
• FIG 20 Key end-use trends
• FIG 21 Key regional trends