汽車專利基準分析：北美，2026-2040 年

透過創新，出行產業正在經歷變革性成長。

Frost & Sullivan的這份分析報告透過對互聯、自動駕駛、共用和電動化（CASE）出行領域汽車和出行相關專利的全面基準調查，檢驗了出行創新的演變。該分析利用美國專利商標局1976年至2040年的專利數據，視覺化呈現了長期技術演進，識別了關鍵轉折點，並評估了包括乘用車、商用車、非公路用車輛、鐵路、航運、航空航太和物流在內的多種交通方式的創新強度。本報告採用專利數量、主題權重、波動性和成長軌跡作為衡量創新動能和策略相關性的指標，而非市場規模或估計值。

調查結果揭示了行動出行研發領域優先事項的顯著結構性轉變。在早期階段，機械技術和以內燃機為中心的創新佔據主導地位；而自2008年以來，電氣化技術的發展，以及自2010年以來自動駕駛和數據驅動技術的興起，重塑了競爭格局。行動出行、資訊通訊技術和能源系統的融合顯而易見，凸顯了向軟體定義和平台化移動出行生態系統的轉變。該分析強調了專利活動如何作為未來成長機會、生態系統重組和跨產業合作的領先指標。本研究提供了一個前瞻性框架，用於理解創新動態如何影響行動出行領域及相關市場的策略選擇。本報告包含以下內容：

• 專利活動表明，行動出行領域正在從機械工程到電氣化、自動駕駛和以數據為中心的行動平台發生決定性轉變。
• CASE（互聯、自動駕駛、共用和電動化）創新趨勢是汽車、資訊和通訊技術、能源和物流行業成長機會的領先指標。
• 長期專利分析使公司能夠預測技術生命週期、整合階段以及將出現策略優勢的新興領域。

目錄

成長環境：出行領域的轉型

• 為什麼經濟成長變得越來越困難？
• The Strategic Imperative 8-TM
• 汽車專利領域三大策略要務的影響

成長環境：出行領域的生態系統

• 分析範圍
• 分割

汽車業專利基準（CASE）

• CASE_CONNECTED：連接方式從訊號轉向平台－資料基礎設施的興起
• CASE_AUTONOMOUS：自動駕駛技術正在經歷波浪式的發展——從演算法到人工智慧驅動的物流。
• CASE_SHARED：共用出行正從實驗階段緩慢發展成為車隊平台。
• 凱斯電氣：自 2008 年以來電氣化快速擴張——從利基市場到行業標準
• MODE_PV：乘用車正從傳統的內燃機時代過渡到電動時代。
• MODE_CV：商用車正在從柴油車主導轉向電動車和數據整合。
• MODE_OHW：OHW 技術創新從硬體可靠性轉向現場人工智慧和自動駕駛。
• MODE_LAND：鐵路從遵守監管規定發展到自主系統
• MODE_AIR：航太領域正從熱能推進系統重組到電力推進系統。
• MODE_WATER：航運業正從柴油引擎轉向綠色、自主航行。
• 物流：從機械車隊向數位自動化轉型

北美汽車專利領域

• 問題定義及動機
• 詞彙表：用於分析1976年至2025年汽車主題演變的關鍵指標*
• 模型開發逐步流程：第一階段採用人工編碼進行專利分類。
• 逐步模型開發過程：透過一系列結構化的操作來建構和檢驗模型。
• 專利主題統計概覽：統計模式解讀
• 案例關聯：從訊號到平台，急劇上升，暫時下降，隨後回落
• CASE_CONNECTED：V2X 和雲端平台正在主導聯網汽車的創新。
• CASE_CONNECTED：創新、融合與新事物湧現的巔峰
• CASE_AUTONOMOUS：兩大浪潮，人工智慧驅動的顛覆性創新，以及資料整合。
• CASE_AUTONOMOUS：自 2010 年以來專利數量的激增表明自動駕駛汽車時代的到來。
• 案例_自動駕駛：人工智慧時代的自動駕駛將帶來融合與新的突破。
• 案例分享：數位化早期應用，但整體專利活動仍低迷。
• 共用出行領域的創新是由數據和車隊驅動的。
• 個案共享：標準化應用與自主服務
• CASE_ELECTRIC：自 2008 年以來，電動車動力傳動系統快速成長，安全性提高，而內燃機創新速度放緩。
• CASE_ELECTRIC：電動車的普及將推動爆炸性成長，內燃機將成為過時技術。
• CASE_ELECTRIC：電動車創新將在 2030 年達到高峰，隨後進入整合期。
• MODE_PV：自 2015 年以來，電動和混合動力傳動系統主導乘用車技術的演進。
• MODE_PV：乘用車正在從內燃機過渡到電動動力傳動系統。
• MODE_PV：電氣化成為主流，然後自動駕駛技術達到頂峰，商品化進程不斷推進。
• MODE_CV：2010年代後期電動和混合動力傳動系統專利激增
• MODE_CV：商用車 (CV) 的創新目前由電氣化和數據驅動。
• MODE_CV：電動車創新達到頂峰，隨後進入商品化和新應用階段。
• MODE_OHW：自 2015 年以來，安全技術、數據技術和電動車技術取得了快速發展。
• MODE OHW：目前，非公路用車輛創新主要由軟體和電氣化驅動。
• 模式OHW：擴大自動駕駛技術與軟體革命的規模
• MODE LAND：鐵路數據顯示，自 2010 年以來，自動駕駛和溫度控管系統已被廣泛應用。
• MODE LAND：汽車研發的重點正在轉向電氣化和自動駕駛系統。
• MODE LAND：電氣化的優勢，隨後是自動駕駛的頂峰，然後是商品化。
• MODE AIR：2017 年快速成長，電動推進將在 2020 年成為主流。
• MODE AIR：以效率和電力推進為驅動力的航太創新
• MODE AIR：電氣化達到頂峰，接著是平台整合
• 水動力模式：自 2015 年以來，船舶技術領域電動和混合動力傳動系統的激增
• MODE WATER：海事創新正在從柴油動力轉向電力和自主系統。
• MODE WATER：海事事務的未來：綠色燃料、自主航行能力巔峰與商品化
• 物流：創新正從機器轉向智慧。
• 物流：自主性、資料和安全將推動物流的下一個飛躍。
• 物流：從引擎到生態系統，物流正面臨自主化的未來。

成長機會分析

• 成長促進因素
• 抑制生長的因素

汽車專利領域的成長機會範圍

• 成長機會1：電動和混合動力傳動系統需求激增
• 成長機會 2：座椅和安全系統的創新
• 成長機會3：聯網汽車的數據處理與通訊技術

附錄與未來發展

• 成長機會的益處和影響
• 未來計劃
• 附件清單
• 免責聲明

The Mobility Sector is Experiencing Transformational Growth Due to Innovation

This Frost & Sullivan analysis examines the evolution of mobility innovation through a comprehensive benchmarking of automotive and mobility-related patents across connected, autonomous, shared, and electric (CASE) mobility dimensions. Using patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office spanning 1976 to 2040, the analysis maps long-term technological shifts, identifies inflection points, and evaluates innovation intensity across multiple transport modes, including passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, off-highway vehicles, rail, maritime, aerospace, and logistics. Rather than estimating market size or revenues, the report uses patent volume, thematic weight, volatility, and growth trajectories as proxies for innovation momentum and strategic relevance.

The findings reveal a clear structural transition in mobility research and development (R&D) priorities. Mechanical and internal combustion engine-centric innovation dominates early periods, while post-2008 electrification and post-2010 autonomy and data-driven technologies redefine the competitive baseline. Increasing convergence between mobility, information and communications technologies, and energy systems is evident, underscoring the shift toward software-defined and platform-based mobility ecosystems. The analysis highlights how patent activity serves as a leading indicator of future growth opportunities, ecosystem realignment, and cross-industry collaboration. The study provides a forward-looking framework for understanding how innovation dynamics shape strategic choices in the mobility sector and its adjacent markets. In this report:

• Patent activity signals a decisive shift from mechanical engineering toward electrification, autonomy, and data-centric mobility platforms.
• CASE innovation trends act as early indicators of growth opportunities across automotive, information and communications technologies, energy, and logistics.
• Long-term patent analysis enables firms to anticipate technology life cycles, consolidation phases, and emerging areas of strategic advantage.

Table of Contents

Growth Environment: Transformation in Mobility Sector

• Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
• The Strategic Imperative 8-TM
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Automotive Patents Sector

Growth Environment: Ecosystem in the Mobility Sector

• Scope of Analysis
• Segmentation

Benchmarking of Automotive Patents by CASE Verticals

• CASE_CONNECTED: Connectivity Shifts from Signals to Platforms-The Data Backbone Emerges
• CASE_AUTONOMOUS: Autonomy Evolves in Waves, from Algorithms to AI-Driven Logistics
• CASE_SHARED: Shared Mobility Moves Slowly, from Experiments to Fleet Platforms
• CASE_ELECTRIC: Electrification Surges Post-2008, from Niche to Industry Standard
• MODE_PV: Passenger Vehicles Pivot from ICE Legacy to Electric Futures
• MODE_CV: Commercial Vehicles Pivot from Diesel Dominance to EV & Data Integration
• MODE_OHW: OHW Innovation Moves from Hardware Reliability to AI & Autonomy in the Field
• MODE_LAND: Rail Advances from Control Mandates to Autonomous Systems
• MODE_AIR: Aerospace Reinvented from Thermal Spikes to Electrified Propulsion
• MODE_WATER: Maritime Shifts from Diesel Engines to Green & Autonomous Navigation
• LOGISTICS: Transforms from Mechanical Fleets to Digital Automation

Automotive Patents Sector, North America

• Problem Statement & Motivation
• Glossary: Key Metrics Used to Analyze the Evolution of Automotive Themes from 1976 to 2025*
• Stepwise Model Development Process: Manual Coding in Phase 1 Categorizes Patents
• Stepwise Model Development Process: A Structured Sequence of Actions Build and Validate Models
• Patent Theme Statistical Overview: Interpreting Statistical Patterns
• CASE_CONNECTED: From Signals to Platforms, Sharp Surge, Temporary Dip, Rebound
• CASE_CONNECTED: V2X and Cloud Platforms Now Dominate Connected Vehicle Innovation
• CASE_CONNECTED: Peak Innovation, Consolidation, then New Emergence
• CASE_AUTONOMOUS: Two Major Spikes, AI-Driven Disruption, and Data Integration

CASE_AUTONOMOUS: The Post-2010 Patent Surge Marks the Dawn of the Autonomous Vehicle Era

CASE_AUTONOMOUS: AI-Era Autonomy to Lead to Consolidation and New Breakthroughs

CASE_SHARED: Early Digitalization, but Weak Overall Patent Activity

CASE_SHARED: Shared Mobility Innovation is Driven by Data and Fleets

CASE_SHARED: Standardized Apps, then Autonomous Services

CASE_ELECTRIC: EV Powertrains Surge Post-2008, Safety Rises, ICE Innovation Fades

CASE_ELECTRIC: EV Adoption Drives Explosive Growth, Making Combustion Engines Legacy

CASE_ELECTRIC: EV Innovation to Peak by 2030, followed by Consolidation

MODE_PV: Electric & Hybrid Powertrain Leads Tech Evolution in PV Since 2015

MODE_PV: Passenger Vehicles Pivoting from Combustion to Electric Powertrains

MODE_PV: Electrification Dominance, then Autonomous Peak, then Commoditization

MODE_CV: Sharp Rise in Electric & Hybrid Powertrain Patents During Late 2010s

MODE_CV: CV Innovation Now Driven by Electrification and Data

MODE_CV: Peak EV Innovation, then Commoditization and New Uses

MODE_OHW: Rapid Rise of Safety, Data, and Electric Tech Since 2015

• MODE OHW: Software and Electrification Now Drive Off-Highway Vehicle Innovation
• MODE OHW: Scale-Up Autonomy, then a Software Revolution
• MODE LAND: Railway Data Reveals a Surge in Autonomous Driving and Thermal Management Systems Post-2010
• MODE LAND: Vehicle R&D Pivoting to Electric and Autonomous Systems
• MODE LAND: Electrification Dominance, then an Autonomous Peak, then Commoditization
• MODE AIR: Volatile Spikes, Thermal in 2017, Electrified Propulsion in 2020
• MODE AIR: Aerospace Innovation Driven by Efficiency and Electric Propulsion
• MODE AIR: Peak Electrification, then Platform Consolidation
• MODE WATER: Electric & Hybrid Powertrain Surges in Water Tech Post-2015
• MODE WATER: Maritime Innovation Shifts from Diesel to Electric, Autonomous Systems
• MODE WATER: Maritime Future: Green Fuels, Peak Autonomy, then Commoditization
• LOGISTICS: Innovation Shifts from Mechanics to Intelligence
• LOGISTICS: Autonomy, Data, and Safety Drive the Next Logistics Leap
• LOGISTICS: From Engines to Ecosystems, Logistics Faces its Autonomous Future

Growth Opportunity Analysis

• Growth Drivers
• Growth Restraints

Growth Opportunity Universe in Automotive Patents Sector

• Growth Opportunity 1: Electric & Hybrid Powertrain Surge
• Growth Opportunity 2: Seat & Safety Systems Innovation
• Growth Opportunity 3: Data Processing & Communication for Connected Vehicles

Appendix & Next Steps

• Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
• Next Steps
• List of Exhibits
• Legal Disclaimer