美國對外軍售的成長機會（2025 年）

地緣政治情勢的變化可能會阻礙工業發展，因為盟友會優先加強自身的國防能力。

本研究全面概述了美國對外軍售產業的概況。根據主要武器類別，該行業分為以下幾類：

• 飛彈
• 指揮、控制、通訊、電腦、情報、監視和偵察（C4ISR）
• 固定翼飛機
• 旋翼機
• 無人系統
• 其他

本研究分析了美國國防部2024會計年度的契約，包括多年期合約義務，以確定：

• 確定影響2029年之前產業成長的關鍵促進因素和限制因素。
• 對主要國防部門和子部門支出趨勢的評估
• 確定主要武器細分市場並檢驗各細分市場的具體技術趨勢
• 檢驗客戶格局，確定主要客戶國家、其採購優先事項以及國防合約記錄。
• 分析產業競爭格局，並確定主要國防承包商的市場佔有率。

本研究還探討了不斷變化的區域地緣政治趨勢以及雙邊和多邊防務夥伴關係，並確定了歐洲、亞太地區、中東和美洲的新合約機會和市場擴張潛力。

本研究強調了美國國防企業、學術機構和中小企業之間開展合作的重要性，以便在盟國加強國防工業基礎、競爭日益激烈的背景下，開發出具有成本效益的創新解決方案。與盟國國防企業建立協同夥伴關係，可以加速技術轉移、創新和新型國防系統的共同開發，增強美國國防出口商的供應鏈韌性。

報告摘要：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

隨著地緣政治聯盟格局的轉變、區域衝突的加劇以及盟國國防現代化進程的加快，美國對外軍售（FMS）市場持續發展演變。2024會計年度（CY2024），該市場表現強勁，合約總額達233.1億美元，較2023會計年度成長14.0%。該成長主要得益於對飛彈系統、固定翼飛機、無人機系統、C4ISR能力以及多域一體化解決方案的需求增加。

市場集中度依然很高，前五大公司（Lockheed Martin、Boeing Co.、RTX Technologies、Northrop Grumman、General Atomics）佔據了92.1%的合約總額。飛彈和固定翼飛機（FWA）佔合約總額的75%以上，鞏固了它們作為美國對外武器轉讓支柱的地位。新興的國防夥伴關係（INDUS-X、AUKUS、 US-Japan co-production programs）以及歐洲和亞太地區的現代化舉措進一步鞏固了長期成長前景。

儘管需求強勁，美國國防工業仍面臨諸多限制因素，包括國際武器貿易條例（ITAR）的限制、日益抬頭的保護主義以及盟國國防工業自主性的增強。隨著歐洲推進「2030年戰備計劃」，亞太國家擴大國內生產，美國企業必須加快聯合生產、研發、測試和評估（RDT&E）合作以及本地技術整合，才能保持競爭力。

市場規模及預測（2024會計年度至2029會計年度）

• 2024會計年度支出：233.1億美元
• 基準年成長率：14.0%
• 預測期間：2025會計年度至2029會計年度
• 生命週期階段：成熟期
• 技術變革評分：4/10
• 競爭對手：56家活躍公司
• 市場集中度：前10家公司市場佔有率為95.2%

亞太和歐洲日益成長的威脅、不斷擴大的戰略聯盟以及不斷改進的海外採購框架，都支撐著市場的成長軌跡。

市場概況及趨勢：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

受地緣政治動盪、技術現代化和跨國供應鏈重組的影響，美國對外軍售（FMS）環境正經歷翻天覆地的變化。印太地區、東歐和中東等地區日益加劇的動盪加速採購週期，並催生了對可互通的美國本土國防系統的迫切需求。

影響需求的地緣政治趨勢

地緣政治仍然是對外軍售成長的主要驅動力，亞太地區和歐洲國家繼續增加國防預算，以加強阻礙力。

• 日本（佔亞太地區對外軍售合約的57.3%）專注於發展空中預警系統和多用途飛機。
• 在歐洲，德國、羅馬尼亞和波蘭主導採購，飛彈和FWA系統在該地區採購中佔據主導地位。
• 加拿大是美洲最大的合作夥伴，佔該地區 FMS 的92.5%。

美國-印度「亞洲」計劃、美國英國安全框架（AUKUS）以及與日本、澳洲和韓國的長期國防框架預計將塑造下一代聯合發展，尤其是在無人系統、人工智慧防禦平台、高超音速武器和海上監視領域。

科技趨勢

關鍵技術採購著重於增強殺傷力、人工智慧驅動的ISR（情報、監視和偵察）、電子戰和高階無人系統。

• 飛彈：地對空系統（例如愛國者飛彈）佔比最大，達 63.2億美元。
• 固定翼飛機：多用途海上飛機以 34.1億美元位居第二，其次是戰鬥機，為 32.7億美元。
• 無人系統：作戰無人機佔比最大，達 5.432億美元。
• C4ISR：雷達（4.532億美元）、指揮控制系統和電子戰（EW）系統為現代化工作提供了支援。

隨著人工智慧/機器學習、雲端作戰管理、先進雷達和電子戰系統的快速融合，對外軍售正朝向多域作戰框架邁進。

合約趨勢和資金籌措模式

• 採購合約：88.8%
• 服務合約：11.2%
• 非競爭性合約和修改後的合約：這些合約佔總合的73%以上，反映了舊有系統升級和緊急採購需求。
• 飛彈：佔所有合約的39.5%
• FWA：35.8％
• 其他：8.7%（反制措施、地面車輛、訓練）

採購合約數量超過服務合約數量，顯示人們仍然重視能力取得而非能力保障。

競爭趨勢

• Lockheed Martin Corporation以 125.5億美元（佔總數的53.8%）位居榜首，其中大部分來自飛彈系統和 F-35 系列戰鬥機。
• Boeing緊隨其後，投資 45億美元，重點用於固定翼飛機和旋翼機維護。
• RTX Technologies 佔 10.2%，其中大部分來自飛彈和雷達系統。

分析範圍：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

本研究對美國對外軍售（FMS）市場進行了全面評估，並考察了在FMS框架下，美國如何向核准的伙伴國轉移國防相關產品、服務和長期保障方案。分析涵蓋了FMS專案的整個生命週期 - 從最初的需求識別和專案開發，到專案執行、保障、現代化改造和後續支援 - 並檢驗了各國如何建構、增強和維持與美國系統互通性的國防能力。

評估範圍將涵蓋對外軍售（FMS）生態系統中所有主要國防出口類別：空中系統、飛彈和彈藥、C4ISR解決方案、陸地系統、海上平台、訓練、物流和全壽命週期保障。評估將檢視這些類別如何促進美國履行年度義務、提升能力以及加強與國際夥伴的策略協調。

在區域層面，將重點放在印太地區、歐洲、中東和非洲以及拉丁美洲的合作夥伴，分析其採購優先事項、現代化週期以及驅動需求的地緣政治壓力方面的差異。也評估北約、奧庫斯聯盟和印太夥伴關係等聯盟如何影響採購模式和互通性需求。

受訪相關人員包括國防安全合作局（DSCA）、美國軍事執行機構、各軍種、主要承包商以及夥伴國採購機構。此外，還納入了《國際武器貿易條例》（ITAR）、國會通知、透明度改革和安全合作舉措等政策因素，以反映管治框架如何影響對外軍售（FMS）的進度安排和核准流程。

在財務方面，認知到主要平台銷售及其相關的培訓、備件和生命週期支援對長期收入的影響，並分析債務流、多年計劃資金、維護合約和現代化支出。

整體而言，這項研究範圍系統性地了解了美國對外軍售計畫如何增強夥伴國家的能力，推進美國的戰略目標，並促進全球防務生態系統中的多領域能力。

收入預測：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

受現代化需求、地緣政治夥伴關係以及持續不斷的區域衝突等因素驅動，美國對外軍售（FMS）市場持續保持強勁的成長動能。根據最新的支出指標，預計到2024年，該市場規模將達到233.1億美元，並在預測期內奠定穩固的地位。

隨著盟國加大對先進空中、陸地、海上、飛彈防禦和C4ISR系統的採購力度，預計未來幾年市場將穩步擴張。這一強勁成長得益於多年現代化計畫、與美軍的互通性要求以及對精確制導武器和防空系統日益成長的需求。到2030年，美國年度對外軍售（FMS）支出預計將達到約430億至450億美元，這反映了國際夥伴為實現部隊結構現代化和提升戰備水準而持續做出的努力。

這意味著從2024年到2030年，年複合成長率將維持在10.5%至11%的健康水準。預計從2026年開始，隨著多個印太地區和歐洲能力擴充計畫從規劃階段進入採購階段，成長速度將最強勁。戰鬥機、飛彈防禦系統、裝甲車輛和戰術通訊平台的採購將顯著延長未來的收入週期。

國會的大力支持、加快的外國軍事基金（FMF）核准流程，以及越來越多尋求美國製造裝備用於阻礙力、訓練和聯盟任務兼容性的中等規模國家參與，也推動了成長。同時，現有客戶增加維護和全壽命週期支援方面的支出，這對年度收入的穩定性做出了重要貢獻。

總體而言，在現代化需求、夥伴國家之間的戰略調整以及全球對美國國防技術的日益依賴的推動下，美國的對外軍售體系仍然具備長期擴張的基礎。

細分市場分析：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

美國對外軍售（FMS）市場由多個能力領域構成，這些領域反映了夥伴國家的優先事項、現代化時間表和作戰準備要求。這些細分領域決定了各國如何分配預算、制定長期艦隊戰略，以及如何使其國防體系與美國和北約標準保持一致。

A. 依類別

1.航空系統（佔比最大）

航空系統仍然是對外軍售（FMS）組合中最具主導地位和戰略意義的組成部分。此類別涵蓋戰鬥機、運輸機、直升機、情報、監視與偵察（ISR）設備和教練機，是市場上價值最高、生命週期最長的採購計畫。戰鬥機和多用途戰鬥機是高階空軍現代化建設的支柱，而運輸機和通用直升機則提供機動性、人道主義援助和任務後勤保障。 ISR平台支援情報收集、海上監視、邊境監視和反恐行動，對多域作戰非常重要。教練機透過長期支援、類比和航空電子設備升級，進一步提升飛行員的技能和作戰準備水準，提高其生命週期價值。

2.飛彈和彈藥

飛彈和彈藥領域的特點是需求持續旺盛且量大。夥伴國家持續購買精確導引武器、戰術彈道飛彈、防空和飛彈防禦火砲以及配備整合式感測器套件的攔截器，以加強阻礙力並應對不斷演變的空中和飛彈威脅。該領域在庫存補充、多層次防禦戰略和快速反應能力方面發揮著非常重要的作用。

3.土地系統

陸地系統部門包括裝甲戰車、戰術卡車、火砲裝備和單兵系統。需求主要來自老舊裝備的現代化改造、國家安全部隊的擴充、邊防安全安全措施。這些系統通常包含多年維護保障方案、訓練支援和現代化升級套件。

4.C4ISR 和網路系統

現代國防行動依賴指揮控制中心、戰術通訊、雷達和感測器系統以及電子戰技術。這些能力能夠實現聯盟協調、情境察覺和安全的資訊流。致力於多域一體化的國家認為，C4ISR（指揮、控制、通訊、電腦、情報、監視與偵察）對於確保作戰優勢非常重要。

5.海軍系統

該領域包括多用途艦艇、艦載武器系統和海上監視解決方案，這些解決方案主要受印度-太平洋和中東地區海上安全需求的驅動。

6.培訓和支援服務

培訓和保障是一個快速發展的領域，各國都在採購飛行員培訓、維護培訓以及物流和供應鏈支持，以確保平台在其整個生命週期內的準備就緒和可用性。

B. 依地區

• 印太地區：這是成長最快的地區，其驅動力是海上衝突、優先考慮阻礙力以及先進的空中現代化。
• 歐洲：與北約戰備、防空和庫存補充相關的高需求地區。
• 中東：歷史性的強勁需求持續存在，預算不斷調整，防空和飛彈防禦的投資也不斷增加。
• 非洲和拉丁美洲：優先採購用於機動性、監視和內部安全任務。

C. 依需求類型

對外軍售（FMS）需求與五種戰略需求類型相對應：

核心平台與國防架構現代化

現有車隊的維護和長期維護

補充彈藥和備件庫存

提高戰備水準以確保任務能力

互通性計劃目的是使盟軍系統與美國和北約標準保持一致。

成長動力：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

• 1.策略防務夥伴關係

INDUS-X、AUKUS 以及新的美國日合作框架等夥伴關係加強了聯合生產、技術共用和供應鏈拓展。這些合作加速了系統開發並擴大了市場進入。

• 2.提高威脅意識

隨著盟友面臨日益嚴峻的安全挑戰，尤其是在亞太地區，他們繼續依賴美國平台來獲得空中優勢、飛彈防禦、情報、監視和偵察（ISR）以及海上安全。

• 3.加強對外軍售程序中的政策

2025年的行政命令將加速優先夥伴國對外軍售（FMS）的核准流程，縮短採購時間並提高互通性。提案的《國際武器貿易條例》（ITAR）改革將進一步改善出口流通。

成長抑制因素：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

1.ITAR與出口管制剛性

儘管提案了改革方案，但現行法規仍然減緩了技術轉移速度，造成了互通性障礙，並影響了採購時間表。

2.保護主義政策

更嚴格的「購買美國貨」政策和重新談判的貿易協定可能會減少美國公司在海外市場的機會。

3.國內國防工業的崛起

印度、日本和韓國等國家正迅速擴大國內製造業，減少對源自美國的系統的依賴。

競爭格局：美國對外軍售（FMS）市場

美國對外軍售（FMS）市場競爭格局高度集中，由擁有豐富專案經驗、全球支援網路以及與夥伴國家長期合作關係的美國主要國防承包商主導。這些公司不僅在平台製造方面發揮核心作用，而且在FMS專案整個生命週期中提供培訓、維護、現代化和技術整合服務。

Lockheed Martin是最大的參與者，憑藉其戰鬥機（包括F-35）、直升機、飛彈系統和C4ISR解決方案等產品組合，始終贏得最多的對外軍售（FMS）合約。該公司長期保障計劃和全球維護基礎設施進一步鞏固了其領先地位。Boeing Defense緊接在Lockheed Martin之後，是戰鬥機、旋翼機、海上巡邏機和物流支援包的主要供應商，尤其在印太地區和中東地區擁有顯著的市場地位。

由於飛彈防禦、雷達、一體化防空反導系統和精確導引武器領域持續存在高需求，雷神公司（RTX）成為強而有力的競爭者。諾斯羅普、格魯曼公司透過先進的情報、監視與偵察（ISR）平台、感測器、電子戰和無人系統做出了重大貢獻，而通用動力公司則繼續在透過對外軍售（FMS）採購的陸地系統、C4ISR和海軍技術領域發揮關鍵作用。

在下一層級，L3Harris、Textron、Sikorsky 和 Bell 在航空、旋翼機、通訊、訓練系統和保障服務領域發揮關鍵作用。它們的模組化解決方案以及與美國平台的兼容性，使夥伴國家無需對新平台進行大量投資即可擴展自身能力。

競爭格局由以下幾個結構性因素所塑造：

• 生命週期支援義務（通常超過初始採購價值）
• 根據《國際武器貿易條例》（ITAR）和技術轉移條例，出口性和模型客製化問題
• 專案績效，包括交付進度和維護可靠性
• 聯盟主導的需求傾向於選擇具有高度互通性且符合北約標準的系統的承包商。

雖然集中的市場結構確保了穩定性，但也加劇了對現代化方案、數位化升級、培訓生態系統和長期服務合約等關鍵價值來源的激烈競爭 - 所有這些都將塑造美國對外軍售競爭力的未來。

目錄

調查範圍

• 分析範圍
• 區隔

戰略問題

• 為什麼成長變得越來越困難
• The Strategic Imperative 8
• 三大戰略問題對美國對外軍售業的影響

成長機會分析

• 成長指標
• 成長促進因素
• 成長抑制因素
• 2024會計年度合約概要
• 合約部門分析
• 主要武器零件分析
• 各細分市場的關鍵技術趨勢
• 客戶狀況分析
• 各區域成長前景
• 競爭格局：合約佔有率分析
• 主要武器領域排名前列的公司
• 合約範例

成長機會領域

• 成長機會1：合作研究、開發、測試和評估（RDT&E）
• 成長機會2：供應鏈韌性
• 成長機會3：本地科技整合

下一步

• 成長機會帶來的益處和影響
• 下一步
• 附件清單
• 免責聲明

Evolving Geopolitical Climates May Stifle Industry Growth as Allies Prioritize Strengthening their Domestic Defense Capabilities

This research provides a comprehensive overview of the US foreign military sales industry outlook. Based on major arms segmentation, it categorizes the industry into:

• Missiles
• Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
• Fixed-Wing Aircraft
• Rotary-Wing Aircraft
• Unmanned Systems
• Others

The study analyzes the Department of Defense's contracts for the calendar year (CY) 2024, including multi-year obligations to:

• Determine key industry drivers and restraints affecting growth through 2029
• Assess spending trends across major defense departments and sub-departments
• Identify leading major arms segments and examine segment-specific technology trends
• Examine the customer landscape and determine the top customer countries, their procurement priorities, and the largest recorded defense contracts
• Analyze the industry competitive landscape and highlight the market share of leading defense contractors

The research also explores evolving regional geopolitical dynamics and bilateral and multilateral defense partnerships, identifying emerging contracting and market expansion opportunities in Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and the Americas.

The study underscores the importance of collaboration among US-based defense firms, academia, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to develop cost-effective, innovative solutions amid increasing competition from allied nations strengthening their domestic defense industrial bases. Synergistic partnerships with defense firms in allied nations can accelerate technology transfers, innovation, and co-development of new defense systems, and bolster supply chain resilience for US defense exporters.

Report Summary: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market continues to evolve amid shifting geopolitical alliances, rising regional conflicts, and accelerating defense modernization efforts across allied nations. In CY2024, the market recorded

strong performance

, with total contracting activities reaching $23.31 billion, reflecting a 14.0% YoY increase from CY2023 levels. Growth was driven primarily by rising demand for missile systems, fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial systems, C4ISR capabilities, and integrated multi-domain solutions.

The market remains highly concentrated, with the top five contractors-Lockheed Martin, Boeing Co., RTX Technologies, Northrop Grumman, and General Atomics-collectively controlling 92.1% of contract value. Missiles and FWA (Fixed-Wing Aircraft) together accounted for more than 75% of total contract value, reinforcing their role as the backbone of US foreign arms transfers. Emerging defense partnerships (INDUS-X, AUKUS, US-Japan co-production programs) and modernization initiatives across Europe and APAC further anchor long-term growth prospects.

Despite strong demand, the market faces constraints related to ITAR bottlenecks, rising protectionism, and the increasing self-reliance of allied defense industries. As Europe pushes its Readiness 2030 initiative and APAC nations expand indigenous manufacturing, US firms must accelerate co-production, RDT&E collaboration, and local technology integration to remain competitive.

Market Size & Forecast (CY2024-CY2029)

• CY2024 Spending: $23.31B
• Base-Year Growth Rate: 14.0%
• Forecast Horizon: CY2025-CY2029
• Lifecycle Stage: Mature
• Degree of Technical Change: 4/10
• Competitors: 56 active companies
• Market Concentration: 95.2% held by top 10 firms

The market trajectory is supported by rising threats in APAC and Europe, expanded strategic alliances, and improvements to foreign procurement frameworks.

Market Overview & Trends: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US FMS landscape is undergoing a structural shift driven by geopolitical turbulence, technological modernization, and multi-national supply chain realignment. The increasing volatility in regions such as Indo-Pacific, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East has accelerated procurement cycles, creating urgent demand for interoperable, US-origin defense systems.

Geopolitical Dynamics Shaping Demand

Geopolitics remains the principal driver of FMS growth. Defense budgets across APAC and Europe continue to rise as nations strengthen deterrence capabilities against evolving threats.

• Japan (57.3% of APAC FMS contracts) focused heavily on airborne early warning systems and multi-mission aircraft.
• Germany, Romania, Poland led European procurement, with missiles and FWA systems dominating the region's purchases.
• Canada remained the largest partner in the Americas, accounting for 92.5% of FMS in the region.

The US-India ASIA initiative, AUKUS, and long-term defense frameworks with Japan, Australia, and South Korea will shape next-generation joint development, particularly in unmanned systems, AI-enabled defense platforms, hypersonics, and maritime surveillance.

Technology Trends

Top technology procurements emphasize enhanced lethality, AI-driven ISR, electronic warfare, and high-end unmanned systems.

• Missiles: Surface-to-air systems (e.g., PATRIOT) formed the largest share, reaching $6.32B.
• Fixed-Wing Aircraft: Multi-mission maritime aircraft hit $3.41B, followed by fighter aircraft at $3.27B.
• Unmanned Systems: Combat UAVs dominated with $543.2M.
• C4ISR: Radar ($453.2M), command-and-control systems, and EW suites supported modernization efforts.

The rapid integration of AI/ML, cloud-enabled battle management, advanced radar, and EW systems is shifting FMS toward multi-domain operational frameworks.

Contracting Behavior and Funding Patterns

• Procurement contracts: 88.8%
• Services: 11.2%
• Non-competitive and modification contracts: Over 73% combined, reflecting legacy system upgrades and urgent acquisition needs.
• Missiles: 39.5% of all contracts
• FWA: 35.8%
• Others: 8.7% (countermeasures, ground vehicles, training)

The dominance of procurement over service contracts indicates a continued emphasis on capability acquisition rather than sustainment.

Competitive Landscape Trends

• Lockheed Martin leads with $12.55B (53.8% of total), largely driven by missile systems and the F-35 family.
• Boeing follows with $4.5B, focused on FWA and rotary aircraft sustainment.
• RTX Technologies holds 10.2%, mostly from missile and radar systems.

Scope of Analysis: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market, examining how defense articles, services, and long-term sustainment packages are transferred from the United States to approved partner nations under the FMS framework. The analysis covers the complete lifecycle of FMS cases-from initial requirement identification and case development to program execution, sustainment, modernization, and follow-on support-reflecting how countries build, upgrade, and maintain interoperable defense capabilities with US systems.

The scope includes all major categories of defense exports highlighted in the FMS ecosystem: air systems, missiles and munitions, C4ISR solutions, land systems, maritime platforms, training, logistics, and lifecycle maintenance. It evaluates how these categories contribute to annual obligations, capability building, and strategic alignment between the United States and international partners.

Regionally, the analysis encompasses Indo-Pacific, European, Middle Eastern, African, and Latin American partners, capturing variations in procurement priorities, modernization cycles, and geopolitical pressures driving demand. The scope also assesses how alliances such as NATO, AUKUS, and Indo-Pacific partnerships influence procurement patterns and interoperability requirements.

Stakeholders examined include the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), US military implementing agencies, service branches, prime contractors, and partner-nation acquisition authorities. Policy factors-such as ITAR regulations, congressional notifications, transparency reforms, and security cooperation initiatives-are incorporated to reflect how governance frameworks shape FMS timelines and approval processes.

Financially, the analysis reviews obligation flows, multiyear program funding, sustainment contracts, and modernization spending, recognizing the long-term revenue impact of major platform sales coupled with training, spares, and lifecycle support.

Overall, the scope provides a structured understanding of how the US FMS program strengthens partner capabilities, advances US strategic objectives, and drives multi-domain capability upgrades across global defense ecosystems.

Revenue Forecast: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market in the United States continues to demonstrate strong fiscal momentum driven by modernization needs, geopolitical partnerships, and replenishment cycles stemming from ongoing regional conflicts. Based on the latest spending indicators, the market reported USD 23.31 billion in 2024, establishing a robust baseline for the forecast period.

Looking ahead, the market is expected to expand steadily as allied nations increase procurements of advanced air, land, naval, missile defense, and C4ISR systems. Strong growth is supported by multi-year modernization programs, interoperability mandates with U.S. forces, and elevated demand for precision munitions and air-defense systems. By 2030, annual U.S. FMS-linked spending is projected to reach approximately USD 43-45 billion, reflecting the sustained commitment of international partners to upgrade force structures and enhance readiness postures.

This trajectory corresponds to a healthy CAGR of about 10.5% to 11% between 2024 and 2030. The highest acceleration is expected from 2026 onward, as several Indo-Pacific and European capability expansion programs move from planning to acquisition phases. Procurement volumes for fighter aircraft, missile defense systems, armored vehicles, and tactical communications platforms will significantly amplify future revenue cycles.

Growth is also fueled by strong congressional support, faster approval cycles for Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and expanded participation of mid-sized nations seeking U.S.-made equipment for deterrence, training, and allied mission compatibility. In parallel, existing customers are increasing sustainment and lifecycle-support spending, which contributes meaningfully to year-over-year revenue stability.

Overall, the U.S. FMS ecosystem remains positioned for long-term expansion, driven by modernization imperatives, strategic realignment among partner nations, and growing global dependence on U.S. defense technology.

Segmentation Analysis: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market is structured across multiple capability domains that reflect partner-nation priorities, modernization timelines, and operational readiness requirements. These segments define how countries allocate budgets, shape long-term fleet strategies, and synchronize their defense ecosystems with US and NATO standards.

A. By Category

1. Air Systems (Largest Share)

Air systems remain the most dominant and strategically significant segment within the FMS portfolio. This category spans fighter jets, transport aircraft, helicopters, ISR assets, and training aircraft, representing the highest-value, longest-lifecycle procurements across the market. Fighter jets and multi-role combat aircraft serve as the backbone of high-end airpower modernization, while transport aircraft and utility helicopters address mobility, humanitarian support, and mission logistics. ISR platforms support intelligence, maritime awareness, border surveillance, and counter-terror missions, making them critical for multi-domain operations. Training aircraft further reinforce pilot proficiency and operational readiness, adding to lifecycle value through long-term support, simulation, and avionics upgrades.

2. Missiles & Munitions

The missiles and munitions segment is characterized by recurring, high-volume demand. Partner nations continue to procure precision-guided weapons, tactical ballistic missiles, air and missile defense artillery, and interceptors with integrated sensor suites to strengthen deterrence and address evolving aerial and missile threats. This segment plays a vital role in stockpile replenishment, layered defense strategies, and rapid-response capabilities.

3. Land Systems

The land systems segment comprises armored combat vehicles, tactical trucks, artillery, and soldier systems. Demand is driven by modernization of legacy fleets, national security forces reinforcement, and border-security initiatives. These systems often include multi-year sustainment packages, training support, and modernization kits.

4. C4ISR & Cyber Systems

Modern defense operations depend on command centers, tactical communications, radar and sensor systems, and electronic warfare technologies. These capabilities enable joint-force coordination, situational awareness, and secure information flow. Countries investing in multi-domain integration view C4ISR as essential to operational superiority.

5. Naval Systems

This segment includes multi-mission vessels, shipborne weapons systems, and maritime surveillance solutions, driven largely by Indo-Pacific and Middle Eastern maritime security requirements.

6. Training & Support Services

Training and sustainment constitute a fast-growing segment, with countries procuring pilot training, maintenance training, and logistics & supply chain support to ensure full lifecycle readiness and platform availability.

B. By Region

• Indo-Pacific: The fastest-growing region, driven by maritime disputes, deterrence priorities, and advanced airpower modernization.
• Europe: A high-volume cluster aligned with NATO readiness, air defense, and stockpile replenishment.
• Middle East: Maintains strong historical demand, now recalibrating budgets while continuing investment in air and missile defense.
• Africa & Latin America: Targeted procurement for mobility, surveillance, and internal security missions.

C. By Type of Requirement

FMS demand aligns with five strategic requirement types:

Modernization of core platforms and defense architectures

Sustainment and long-term maintenance of existing fleets

Stockpile replenishment for munitions and spares

Readiness enhancement to ensure mission availability

Interoperability programs that align partner-nation systems with US and NATO standards

Growth Drivers: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

• 1. Strategic Defense Partnerships

Partnerships such as INDUS-X, AUKUS, and new US-Japan frameworks strengthen co-production, technology sharing, and supply chain expansion. These collaborations accelerate system development and expand market access.

• 2. Rising Threat Perceptions

Allied nations facing heightened security challenges-especially in APAC-continue to depend on US platforms for air dominance, missile defense, ISR, and maritime security.

• 3. Policy Enhancements in FMS Procedures

The 2025 Executive Order accelerates FMS processing for priority partners, easing acquisition timelines and boosting interoperability. Proposed ITAR reforms further improve export flows.

Growth Restraints: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

1. ITAR and Export Control Rigidities

Despite proposed reforms, existing regulations still slow down transfers, create interoperability barriers, and affect procurement schedules.

2. Protectionist Policies

"Buy American" emphasis and renegotiated trade deals may reduce opportunities in foreign markets for US contractors.

3. Rise of Indigenous Defense Industries

Countries like India, Japan, and South Korea are rapidly expanding domestic manufacturing, reducing dependency on US-origin systems.

Competitive Landscape: US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market

The US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) market is characterized by a highly concentrated competitive landscape dominated by major US defense prime contractors with deep program experience, global support networks, and long-standing relationships with partner nations. These firms play a central role not only in platform manufacturing but also in delivering training, sustainment, modernization, and technology-integration services that span the entire lifecycle of FMS cases.

Lockheed Martin, the largest participant, consistently captures the highest share of FMS obligations due to its portfolio of fighter aircraft (including the F-35), helicopters, missile systems, and C4ISR solutions. Its long-term sustainment programs and global maintenance infrastructure further reinforce its leadership. Boeing Defense follows closely as a major supplier of fighter jets, rotorcraft, patrol aircraft, and logistics support packages, especially prominent in Indo-Pacific and Middle Eastern cases.

Raytheon (RTX) holds a strong competitive position across missile defense, radars, integrated air and missile defense systems, and precision munitions-segments with recurring, high-volume demand. Northrop Grumman contributes significantly through advanced ISR platforms, sensors, electronic warfare, and unmanned systems, while General Dynamics remains central to land systems, C4ISR, and naval technologies procured through FMS.

Below the top tier, L3Harris, Textron, Sikorsky, and Bell serve important roles across aviation, rotorcraft, communications, training systems, and sustainment services. Their modular offerings and compatibility with US platforms allow partner nations to expand capability without requiring major new platform investments.

Competition is shaped by several structural factors:

• Lifecycle support obligations, which often exceed initial acquisition value
• Exportability and variant customization driven by ITAR and technology-release rules
• Program performance, including delivery timelines and sustainment reliability
• Alliance-driven requirements, which favor contractors with interoperable, NATO-aligned systems

The market's concentrated structure ensures stability, but it also drives significant competition around modernization packages, digital upgrades, training ecosystems, and long-term service agreements-critical value pools that shape the future of US FMS competitiveness.

Table of Contents

Research Scope

• Scope of Analysis
• Segmentation

Strategic Imperatives

• Why is it Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
• The Strategic Imperative 8
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the US Foreign Military Sales Industry

Growth Opportunity Analysis

• Growth Metrics
• Growth Drivers
• Growth Restraints
• CY2024 Contract Overview
• Contracting Department Analysis
• Major Arms Segmentation Analysis
• Top Technology Trends by Segment
• Customer Landscape Analysis
• Growth Outlook by Region
• Competitive Landscape: Contract Share Analysis
• Top Companies per Major Arms Segmentation
• Representative Contracts

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Joint Research, Development, Testing & Evaluation RDT&E
• Growth Opportunity 2: Supply Chain Resilience
• Growth Opportunity 3: Local Technology Integration

Next Steps

• Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
• Next Steps
• List of Exhibits
• Legal Disclaimer