全球線控轉向市場（2024-2031年）

線控轉向技術面臨實施上的挑戰，主要原因是系統成本高和轉向回饋不足。

線控轉向（SbW）技術問世十餘年，但全球市場仍蓄勢待發，即將迎來成長。Infiniti和Tesla等早期採用者，以及高階電動車製造商，早在幾年前就推出了線控轉向系統，但在大眾市場的普及速度卻較為緩慢。這主要是由於系統成本高、需要強大的故障安全冗餘機制、監管環境複雜，以及與現有系統相比，難以提供精準自然的轉向回饋。線控轉向系統摒棄了方向盤與前軸之間的傳統機械連接，實現了重量減輕、能源效率提升、空間佈局最佳化以及更大的座艙設計自由度。隨著汽車製造商面臨日益嚴格的二氧化碳排放和能源效率法規，以及消費者對更安靜、更寬敞、更具沉浸感的數位化內裝的期望不斷提高，這些優勢變得愈發重要。

根據Frost & Sullivan的分析，線控轉向（SbW）技術的應用正接近臨界點，許多汽車製造商（OEM）正準備在2025年或2026年初推出搭載SbW技術的車型。包括ZF、Nexteer,、JTEKT、Thyssenkrupp在內的領先供應商正與汽車製造商合作，將SbW技術應用於新型電動車和自動駕駛平台。然而，挑戰依然存在，供應商必須努力降低成本、提高可擴展性並符合安全標準。同時，他們也必須改進轉向手感和回饋。與汽車製造商和內飾系統製造商的合作對於充分發揮先進駕駛座概念的潛力也非常重要，例如平坦的地板、伸縮式的方向盤和靈活的座椅佈局。

展望未來，SbW市場預計將繼續保持溫和成長。消除機械連接不僅有助於模組化和輕量化車輛設計，還能讓汽車製造商透過創新的內裝和無縫的自動駕駛切換實現差異化。隨著規模經濟效益的提升和法規結構的日益成熟，成本競爭力不斷增強，線控電池將從高階配置過渡到標準技術。隨著量產車製造商計劃在不久的將來引進線控電池系統，市場有望迎來轉型，線控電池將成為電動車、共享出行汽車、無人計程車以及L3+級自動駕駛汽車生態系統的基礎技術。

分析範圍

• 由於維修成本高、可靠性問題以及消費者對道路回饋和轉向感覺的接受度低，線控轉向（SbW）的普及速度一直很慢。
• 此外，較高的初始開發成本也是推廣應用的一大障礙，OEM 製造商擔心所需的大量投資。
• 然而，SbW 提供了減輕重量、設計靈活性和個人化轉向等多種優勢，有可能為客戶帶來更多價值。
• 聯網汽車、ADAS、電動車和未來自動駕駛汽車的日益普及將擴大這項技術的應用機會。
• 本研究檢驗了全球趨勢、當前前景以及各地區市場參與企業的成長機會。

三大策略要務對SbW產業的影響

競爭加劇

• 原因：
  • 競爭格局給汽車製造商帶來了巨大的壓力，他們需要保持競爭力並贏得大規模的基本客群。
  • 顧客不斷尋求新的車輛專屬體驗，而這些體驗與成本績效密不可分。
  • 為了在 SbW 市場中佔據主導，企業應該致力於創新和提供具有成本效益的解決方案，尤其是在它們可以利用先發優勢的領域。
• Frost的觀點：
  • 透過消除機械連接，SbW 可實現精確驅動、快速回應和高度智慧化操作，在設計靈活性、空間佈局和成本節約方面具有明顯優勢，有助於緩解市場上的價格壓力。
  • 透過與 SbW 領域的OEM 建立策略合作夥伴關係進行聯合創新，將縮短產品上市時間，同時加強售後服務並展示安全性，將有助於在 OEM 和客戶之間建立信任。

內部問題

• 原因：
  • 當新科技出現時，員工和經營團隊固守現狀，偏好熟悉的系統和流程，這種情況並不少見。
  • 不支持技術主導創新的組織文化會嚴重阻礙變革努力，最終影響公司的績效和長期願景。
  • 公司害怕投資新技術帶來的不確定性，因此往往從一開始就考慮投資報酬率（ROI）。
• Frost的觀點：
  • 公司應致力於使自身目標與行業趨勢保持一致，例如向更數位化和軟體主導的汽車生態系統轉型，包括電動車和高級駕駛輔助系統（ADAS），其中線傳軟體（SbW）的整合非常重要。
  • 這種一致性提供了競爭優勢，使公司能夠透過改進產品和用戶體驗來提高創新能力，同時還可以透過消除冗餘零件來降低生產成本。
  • 歸根結底，製造商必須透過建立通用的合作標準來促進創新。

壓縮客戶價值鏈

• 原因：
  • 傳統的品質把關流程、漫長的開發週期和內部測試已不再必要。
  • 為了滿足客戶對快速創新和最尖端科技的需求，必須快速開發和部署 SbW 等技術。
  • 跨職能團隊和基於平台的車輛開發壓縮價值鏈，迫使原始設備製造商（OEM）要求一級供應商和軟體供應商更快地交付可用於生產的軟體。
• Frost的觀點：
  • 為了在新能源汽車市場競爭中保持領先地位，供應商和OEM必須展現敏捷性，開發和交付能夠適應壓縮開發進度的解決方案。
  • 供應商和原始設備製造商應該合作推動創新和促進解決方案，這將促進更緊密的合作、更快的上市時間和共用創新。
  • SbW 將進一步增強供應商的能力，供應商將承擔轉向和安全功能，而 OEM 則致力於整合和使用者體驗。

主要競爭對手

• 汽車製造商
  • Nissan/Infiniti
  • Tesla
  • BYD
  • Lexus
  • Lotus
  • GMC
  • Chevrolet
  • NIO
  • Rolls Royce
  • Ford
  • Mercedes Benz
  • Honda
  • SAIC Motors
  • Geely
  • BMW
• 一級供應商和模組整合商
  • Nexteer Automotive
  • Bosch
  • ZF Friedrichshafen
  • JTEKT Corporation
  • Continental
  • Hyundai Mobis
  • Mando Corporation
  • Shaeffler
  • Thyssenkrupp
  • NSK Ltd
  • Veoneer
  • Denso Corporation

競爭環境

• 競爭對手數量
  • 超過20家供應商和超過10家OEM製造商
• 競爭因素
  • 成本、專案、支援、技術、可靠性、消費者信任度、擴充性、生產量
• 主要終端用戶產業
  • 汽車（客車）
• 主要競爭對手
  • Tesla、Nissan/Infiniti、BYD、NIO、Toyota/Lexus、Rolls Royce、Chevrolet、GMC
• 其他主要競爭對手
  • Geely、Volkswagen、Mercedes Benz、BMW、Rivian、Ford、Honda
• 流通結構
  • 供應商、OEM製造商

成長促進因素

• 主動式轉向系統和軟體整合
• 輕巧且機械結構簡單
• 設計靈活性和空間最佳化
• 不斷發展的安全標準
• 專用車輛（PBV）的客製化轉向系統

成長限制因素

• 使用者信任與安全感
• 初始系統成本高
• 監管複雜性和認證障礙
• 原始設備製造商不願將SbW整合到大眾市場
• 複雜的冗餘和網路安全要求

目錄

調查範圍

成長環境：SbW市場

• 主要調查結果
• 預測採用率
• OEM和供應商概況
• 關鍵策略夥伴關係和近期舉措

成長環境：SbW市場的轉型

• 為什麼成長變得越來越困難
• 策略要務
• 三大策略要務對SbW產業的影響

成長環境：SbW 市場生態系統

• 市場定義
• 通路
• 競爭環境
• 主要競爭對手

SbW市場成長促進因素

• 成長指標
• 成長促進因素
• 成長限制因素
• 預測考量
• 銷售和出貨量預測
• 依地區分類的收入預測
• 收入預測分析
• 依地區分類的出貨量預測
• 價格趨勢預測
• 價格趨勢和預測分析

成長環境：SbW法規

• 中國法規
• 北美法規
• 歐洲法規

成長環境：SbW 生態系統、趨勢與未來藍圖

• 汽車產業中不同類型的SbW配置
• 轉向系統技術：基於特徵的比較
• 定義和表徵SbW系統的關鍵參數
• 以線控轉向技術取代機械轉向的關鍵安全優勢
• 影響SbW技術成長與應用的關鍵趨勢
• 案例影響
• 未來藍圖

成長機會分析：成長促進因素：SbW（中國）

• 成長指標
• 銷售和出貨量預測
• 預測採用率
• 預測分析

成長機會分析：成長促進因素：SbW、歐洲

• 成長指標
• 銷售和出貨量預測
• 預測採用率
• 預測分析

成長機會分析：成長促進因素：SbW，北美

• 成長指標
• 銷售和出貨量預測
• 預測採用率
• 預測分析

供應商概況

• ZF Friedrickshafen AG
• JTEKT Corporation
• Nexteer Automotive
• Bosch
• Thyssenkrupp

發展機會

• 成長機會1：自動駕駛整合
• 成長機會2：空間最佳化與室內重新設計
• 成長機會3：輕量化和效率提升

附錄與後續步驟

Steer-by-wire Technology Faces Adoption Challenges, Primarily due to High System Costs and Insufficient Steering Feedback

The global steer-by-wire (SbW) market is expected to grow despite the technology itself being over a decade old. Early adopters, including Infiniti and Tesla, as well as premium segment EV manufacturers, introduced SbW systems years ago; however, penetration in the mass market has been slow. This is largely due to high system costs, the need for robust fail-operational redundancy, regulatory complexities, and difficulties in delivering precise, natural steering feedback compared to current systems. SbW eliminates the traditional mechanical linkage between the steering wheel and the front axle, unlocking weight savings, enhanced energy efficiency, improved packaging, and greater cabin design freedom. These attributes are increasingly vital as OEMs face stricter CO2 and efficiency regulations, as well as rising consumer expectations for quieter, more spacious, and digitally immersive interiors.

According to Frost & Sullivan's analysis, SbW adoption is at an inflection point, as many OEMs are preparing to launch SbW-equipped models in 2025 or early 2026. Leading suppliers, such as ZF, Nexteer, JTEKT, and Thyssenkrupp, are collaborating with OEMs to introduce SbW technology across new EV and autonomous platforms. Nevertheless, challenges persist-suppliers must work on reducing cost, scalability must be improved, and safety standards must be complied with, while refining steering feel and feedback. Collaborating with OEMs and interior system manufacturers is also essential to fully unlocking the potential of advanced cockpit concepts, including flat floors, retractable steering wheels, and flexible seating configurations.

Looking ahead, the SbW market will continue to grow slowly. The removal of mechanical linkages not only supports modularity and lightweight vehicle designs but also enables OEMs to differentiate through innovative interiors and seamless autonomous driving transitions. As economies of scale improve cost competitiveness and regulatory frameworks mature, SbW will shift from a premium feature to a standard technology. With high-volume OEMs now on track to launch SbW systems in the near term, the market is set to witness a transformation by establishing SbW as a cornerstone of the EVs, SDVs, robotaxis, and L3+ autonomous vehicles ecosystem.

Scope of Analysis

• Steer by wire (SbW) is experiencing slow adoption due to high maintenance costs, reliability concerns, and low consumer acceptance of road feedback and steering feel.
• Adoption has also been low due to the high initial development costs, raising concerns for OEMs regarding large investments.
• However, SbW offers various benefits, including reduced weight, design flexibility, and personalized steering, potentially providing more value to customers.
• The growing adoption of connected vehicles, ADAS, EVs, and future SDVs will expand opportunities for the technology.
• This study examines global trends, current outlook, and growth opportunities for market participants across different regions.

Questions This Study Will Answer

• What is SbW? What is the distribution channel structure?
• What are the primary drivers and restraints for this market?
• How will this market grow? What is the adoption trend among regions? Who are the technology companies?
• How do automotive SbW market sizes differ among the leading developed markets?
• What are the growth avenues for the global SbW market until 2031?

The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the SbW Industry

Competitive Intensity

• Why:
  • The competitive landscape exerts significant pressure on OEMs to remain competitive to capture a large customer base.
  • Customers are constantly seeking new experiences with vehicles, essentially translating to value for money.
  • To lead in the SbW market, companies should focus on innovation and providing cost-effective solutions, especially those that can benefit from an early mover advantage.
• Frost Perspective:
  • SbW offers precise actuation, faster response times, and high-level intelligent driving by eliminating mechanical connections, bringing clear advantages in design flexibility, space layout, and cost reduction, which help alleviate the price pressure in the market.
  • Forming strategic partnerships with OEMs for SbW, co-innovation will enable faster time to market. In addition, strengthening after-sales support and demonstrating safety will help build trust with both OEMs and customers.

Internal Challenges

• Why:
  • It is common for employees and management to cling to the status quo during the emergence of new technologies, preferring familiar systems and processes.
  • An organizational culture that does not support technology-driven innovation can significantly hinder change efforts, ultimately impacting a company's performance and long-term vision.
  • Companies often fear the uncertainties associated with investing in new technology, leading them to consider ROI from day one.
• Frost Perspective:
  • Companies should focus on aligning their goals with industry trends, such as the shift to a more digital, software-driven automotive ecosystem, including EVs and ADAS, where SbW integration is essential.
  • This alignment provides a competitive advantage, allowing companies to become more innovative by enhancing their products and user experiences, as well as potentially reducing production costs by eliminating redundant components.
  • Eventually, manufacturers must compel advancements by establishing common standards for collaboration.

Customer Value Chain Compression

• Why:
  • Traditional quality gate processes, lengthy development cycles, and in-house testing are no longer required.
  • Technologies such as SbW must be developed and deployed rapidly to meet customer demands for faster innovation and cutting-edge technology.
  • Cross-functional teams and platform-based vehicle development compress the value chain, pushing OEMs to require Tier I suppliers and software providers to deliver production-ready SbW faster.
• Frost Perspective:
  • Suppliers and OEMs must be agile, developing and offering solutions that can adapt to compressed development timelines to remain competitive in the race to dominate the new energy vehicle market.
  • Suppliers and OEMs should work together to drive advances and fostered solutions, fostering closer collaboration, faster time to market, and shared innovation.
  • SbW will become more powerful in enabling vendors, with suppliers becoming responsible for steering and safety functions, while OEMs focus on integration and user experience.

Key Competitors

• OEMs
  • Nissan/Infiniti
  • Tesla
  • BYD
  • Lexus
  • Lotus
  • GMC
  • Chevrolet
  • NIO
  • Rolls Royce
  • Ford
  • Mercedes Benz
  • Honda
  • SAIC Motors
  • Geely
  • BMW
• Tier I Suppliers and Module Integrators
  • Nexteer Automotive
  • Bosch
  • ZF Friedrichshafen
  • JTEKT Corporation
  • Continental
  • Hyundai Mobis
  • Mando Corporation
  • Shaeffler
  • Thyssenkrupp
  • NSK Ltd
  • Veoneer
  • Denso Corporation

Competitive Environment

• Number of Competitors
  • 20+ suppliers and 10+ OEMs
• Competitive Factors
  • Cost, programs, support, technology, reliability, consumer trust, scalability, volume
• Key End-user Industry Verticals
  • Automotive-passenger vehicles
• Leading Competitors
  • Tesla, Nissan/Infiniti, BYD, NIO, Toyota/Lexus, Rolls Royce, Chevrolet, GMC
• Other Notable Competitors
  • Geely, Volkswagen, Mercedes Benz, BMW, Rivian, Ford, Honda
• Distribution Structure
  • Suppliers, OEMs

Growth Drivers

• Adaptive Steering and Software Integration
• Weight Reduction and Mechanical Simplification
• Design Flexibility and Space Optimization
• Safety Standard Evolution
• Tailored Steering for Purpose-built Vehicles (PBVs)

Growth Restraints

• User Trust and Safety Perception
• High Initial System Cost
• Regulatory Complexities and Certification Barriers
• OEM Hesitance to Integrate SbW in the Mass Market
• Complex Redundancies and Cybersecurity Demands

Table of Contents

Research Scope

• Scope of Analysis
• By-Wire System Segmentation
• Regional Segmentation

Growth Environment: SbW Market

• Key Findings
• Penetration Forecast
• OEM and Supplier Snapshot
• Key Strategic Partnerships and Recent Initiatives

Growth Environment: Transformation in the SbW Market

• Why is it Increasingly Difficult to Grow?
• The Strategic Imperative 8
• The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the SbW Industry

Growth Environment: Ecosystem in the SbW Market

• Market Definition
• Distribution Channels
• Competitive Environment
• Key Competitors

Growth Generator in the SbW Market

• Growth Metrics
• Growth Drivers
• Growth Restraints
• Forecast Considerations
• Revenue and Unit Shipment Forecast
• Revenue Forecast by Region
• Revenue Forecast Analysis
• Unit Shipment Forecast by Region
• Pricing Trends Forecast
• Pricing Trends and Forecast Analysis

Growth Environment: SbW Regulations

• Chinese Regulations
• North American Regulations
• European Regulations

Growth Environment: SbW Ecosystem, Trends, and Future Roadmap

• Different Types of SbW Configurations in the Evolving Automotive Landscape
• Steering System Technologies: Feature-Based Comparison
• Key Parameters that Define and Characterize an SbW System
• Major Safety Benefits of Replacing Mechanical Steering with SbW Technology
• Major Trends Impacting Growth and Adoption of SbW Technology
• CASE Impact
• Future Roadmap

Growth Opportunity Analysis: Growth Generator SbW, China

• Growth Metrics
• Revenue and Unit Shipment Forecast
• Penetration Forecast
• Forecast Analysis

Growth Opportunity Analysis: Growth Generator SbW, Europe

• Growth Metrics
• Revenue and Unit Shipment Forecast
• Penetration Forecast
• Forecast Analysis

Growth Opportunity Analysis: Growth Generator SbW, North America

• Growth Metrics
• Revenue and Unit Shipment Forecast
• Penetration Forecast
• Forecast Analysis

Supplier Profiling

• ZF Friedrickshafen AG
• JTEKT Corporation
• Nexteer Automotive
• Bosch
• Thyssenkrupp

Growth Opportunity Universe

• Growth Opportunity 1: Integration with Autonomous Driving
• Growth Opportunity 2: Space Optimization and Interior Redesign
• Growth Opportunity 3: Lightweighting and Efficiency Gains

Appendix & Next Steps

• Benefits and Impacts of Growth Opportunities
• Next Steps
• List of Exhibits
• Legal Disclaimer