全球航太材料市場（2026-2036 年）

航太材料包括屏蔽層、隔熱材料、結構材料、推進劑、電池和塗層，以確保太空船的生存能力。雖然這些材料僅佔專案成本的一小部分，但它們是決定哪些任務能夠發射的主要阻礙因素，而且自阿波羅時代以來，航太材料市場正以前所未有的速度進行重組。

推動這一趨勢的主要動力是發射次數的增加。預計到2024年，全球軌道發射次數將超過250次，並在本十年末達到400次以上。同時，使用大型可重複使用火箭系統將衛星送入近地軌道的每公斤成本低於1,500美元。隨著星鏈、柯伊伯、OneWeb/Eutelsat、IRIS2、國望和千帆等衛星群預計到2036年將部署超過6萬顆衛星入軌，衛星製造正從客製化生產轉向更接近流水線的生產模式。這種轉變正在顛覆傳統的材料權衡。過去，品質最佳化幾乎可以解釋任何溢價，但如今，對成本敏感的衛星群平台更傾向於選擇更便宜、可批量生產的替代方案，這持續擠壓著區分航太級材料和地面材料的「認證溢價」。

同時，需求範圍也在不斷擴大。阿爾忒彌斯計畫以及中國、歐洲、印度、日本和阿拉伯聯合大公國的平行探勘月計劃，提出了與衛星星系不同的需求。具體而言，這些需求包括載人飛行所需的輻射屏蔽、利用月壤建造太空船、高功率電力推進系統以及用於在軌資源利用（ISRU）的原料。在國防航太領域，對設計壽命短、補充週期短、環境適應性強的太空船架構的投入正在增加。太空製造仍然是最不確定性的領域。目前尚無太空製造的產品銷往地球，在軌探索的成本仍高達每公斤2.5萬美元至10萬美元，儘管藥用晶種、金奈米球和半導體級晶體的每克價值已接近能夠覆蓋運輸成本的水平。

供應鏈十分脆弱。市場依賴幾個瓶頸環節，包括來自單一歐洲供應商的亞硝酸鈉（ADN）、來自集中式惰性氣體供應鏈的氙和氪、由日本生產商主導的瀝青基碳纖維，以及錸、鈮C-103和鍺基板。產業政策正應對這一問題。對韓國「三樞紐叢集戰略」的分析揭示了更廣泛的趨勢：政府仍然佔上游收入的70%之多；後參與企業必須同時而非先後獲取先進材料和精密製造能力；國防與航太的融合是大多數國家正在遵循的道路。國內材料研發能力不再僅僅服務於航太項目，而是本身就成為一項戰略目標；出口限制如今與價格和性能一樣，成為供應商選擇的關鍵因素。

「全球太空材料市場（2026-2036）—面向新太空經濟的屏蔽、溫度控管、推進和結構」報告對2026年至2036年全球太空認證材料市場進行了量化和分析。該報告涵蓋了運載火箭、衛星、載人太空船、月球和行星平台以及太空製造系統中使用的材料，更重要的是，它衡量的是材料供應商獲得的市場價值，而不是採購材料的太空船製造商和發射營運商所獲得的市場價值。

目錄包括以下內容：

• 市場促進因素和新的太空經濟——發射頻率和可重複使用性、每公斤成本趨勢、衛星群、月球和火星探勘計劃、國防航太、OSAM、材料認證框架（NASA-STD-6016、ECSS、MIL-STD-1540、AS9100）、太空環境、減少太空碎片和可分解性，以及 ITAR/EAR/EU 環境性法規。
• 輻射屏蔽材料－富氫聚合物、氮化硼奈米管和 h-BN 複合材料、鋰基屏蔽材料、多功能結構屏蔽材料、主動屏蔽概念、抗輻射電子設備封裝以及利用月壤（月球土壤）屏蔽居住區域。
• 溫度控管－多層隔熱材料、熱管和迴路熱管、散熱器、相變材料、熱界面材料、熱解石墨和碳帶、熱塗層和光學太陽能反射器、低溫系統和新興的超材料散熱器。
• 結構複合材料－碳纖維等級和樹脂體系、製造流程、熱塑性塑膠、夾層結構、COPV、低溫儲槽、整流罩、衛星載具、光學平台、噴嘴和引擎外殼。
• 化學推進－可儲存推進劑和低溫推進劑，根據 REACH 法規逐步淘汰聯氨，固體推進劑，環保型單一成分推進劑（包括 ASCENT 和 LMP-103S），ADN 供應鏈，以及燃燒室、喉部和噴嘴的材料。
• 電推進－霍爾效應推進器、柵極型離子推進器、FEEP和膠體推進器；通道、陰極和柵格材料；以及向氙、氪、碘和氬推進劑的過渡。
• 經太空認證的太陽能發電系統、再入熱防護系統、用於航太製造的原料和原位資源利用材料，以及跨產業基礎材料。
• 本報告包括成長障礙、供應鏈分析、2026 年至 2036 年的全面市場預測、136 家公司的簡介，以及涵蓋標準、專利、法規和調查方法的附錄。

此次參展公司包括：Agile Space Industries、Agnikul Cosmos、Airbus Defence and Space、Albany Engineered Composites、American Boronite Corporation、Arceon、ArianeGroup、Arinna、Arnold Magnetics、Astradyne、Astrobotic Technology、Astral Materials、Astroscale、ATI-Allegheny Technologies、Avio S.p.A.、AZ Technology、AZUR SPACE Solar Power、BAE Systems Space、Bayern-Chemie / MBDA、Bellatrix Aerospace、Beyond Gravity、Blue Canyon Technologies、Blue Orbit Space、Blue Origin、BNNano, BNNT LLC、Boeing Space, Busek Co.、Calyos、Canada Rocket Company、Carbice Corporation、Carbon Fly、CESI、COI Ceramics、Composite Technology Development (CTD)、Cosmic Shielding Corporation、Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense (TiNi)、ENPULSION、Epsilon Composite、EURENCO Bofors、Euro-Composites、Exotrail、Firefly Aerospace、Flexell Space、geCKo Materials、GKN Aerospace、Goodfellow, Helios、Hexcel Corporation、IberEspacio、ICON、IHI Aerospace、Impulse Space、Infraprint、INNOSPACE、Interlune、Intuitive Machines、ispace inc.、Isar Aerospace、Kluber Lubrication、Kongsberg NanoAvionics、KULR Technology Group、L3Harris Technologies、Leonardo S.p.A.、Lockheed Martin Space、Lunar Outpost, Lunar Resources Inc.、Magdrive、Markforged 等。

目錄

第1章摘要整理

第2章 市場驅動與新太空經濟

• 從政府到商業空間的結構性轉變
• 發射頻率和重複使用性
• 巨型衛星群
• 月球計劃
• 火星探勘計畫與載人深空探勘任務
• 太空製造、在軌服務 (OSAM) 和在軌服務
• 國防和國家安全領域
• 鄰近市場及交叉市場
• 材料認證框架
• 空間環境的要求
• 永續性、減少廢棄物和半可靠性
• ITAR、EAR 與歐盟兩用物項出口管制

第3章 輻射屏蔽材料

• 太空輻射環境
• 屏蔽物理基礎
• 富氫聚合物屏蔽材料
• 硼鋰基中子屏蔽材料
• 多功能結構屏蔽
• 水和推進劑基屏蔽結構
• 主動防護罩的概念
• 抗輻射電子設備封裝
• 用於載人月球/火星住家周邊設施的屏蔽材料
• 供應商、價值鏈、定價
• 輻射屏蔽材料十年預測

第4章：溫度控管材料與系統

• 太空環境中的熱挑戰
• 多層隔熱材料（MLI）
• 熱管
• 環路熱管（LHP）和毛細管泵浦迴路（CPL）
• 散熱器
• 用於太空船的相變材料（PCM）
• 空間用導熱界面材料（TIM）
• 高導電性碳材料
• 熱塗層
• 低溫熱管理
• 先進和新興概念
• 供應商和價值鏈
• 未來十年溫度控管預測

第5章：火箭與衛星用結構複合材料

• 材料要求
• 碳纖維增強聚合物（CFRP）
• 製造路線
• 熱塑性複合材料
• 三明治結構
• 複合材料重疊壓力容器（COPV）
• 低溫複合材料儲罐
• 啟動器
• 衛星結構
• 火箭噴嘴和引擎殼體
• 金屬替代品
• 供應商和價值鏈
• 結構複合材料十年預測

第6章：化學推進材料與推進劑

• 化學推進系統概述
• 可儲存推進劑
• 低溫推進劑
• 固體火箭推進劑
• 綠色單丙基
• 混合動力推進
• 燃燒室、喉部和噴嘴段的材質
• 供應商和價值鏈
• 化學推進材料十年預測

第7章 電力推進材料

• EP類別及其在現代衛星中的作用
• 霍爾效應推進器
• 網格型離子推進系統（GIT）
• FEEP 和膠體推進器
• 脈衝等離子體和電弧噴射推進器
• 電熱水推進及進氣推進
• 取代氙的推進劑
• 氙和氪供應鏈
• 供應商和價值鏈
• 極壓材料和推進劑的十年預測

第8章：太空太陽能發電

• 每項任務的電力需求
• III-V族多結（3J）電池：主要產品
• 反向多結（IMM）電池
• 用於太空應用的鈣鈦礦矽基電池和全鈣鈦礦串聯電池
• 航太級矽和CIGS薄膜
• 覆蓋材料：鈰摻雜玻璃、OSR蓋板玻璃、封裝
• 陣列架構
• 具體電力藍圖
• 供應商和價值鏈
• 航太級太陽能電池材料十年預測

第9章 再入和熱防護系統（TPS）

• 再入過程中的物理現象與熱通量行為
• 材料分類概述
• 消融TPS
• 可重複使用的TPS
• 超高溫陶瓷（UHTC）
• 高溫結構陶瓷基質複合材料（CMCs）
• 充氣/可展開式熱防護系統
• 供應商和價值鏈
• TPS材料未來十年預測

第10章：空間製造（ISM）原料與原位資源利用材料

• ISM的經營模式和價值提案
• 微重力下的製造
• 軌道式積層製造與組裝
• 月壤和原位資源利用
• 供應商和價值鏈
• ISM 和 ISRU 材料未來十年的預測

第11章 橫斷面材料與應用材料

• 佈線、互連、軟性電子產品
• 真空潤滑劑和低溫潤滑劑
• 光學鍍膜和熱控表面
• 表面處理和精加工
• 電磁干擾屏蔽和靜電放電保護
• 特殊材料
• 供應商和價值鏈
• 橫斷面材料十年預測

第12章：成長阻礙因素分析

• 嚴重性-時間框架
• 供應鏈集中風險
• 獲得資格所需時間的障礙
• 監管壓力
• 地緣政治出口管制
• 勞動力和技能
• 產能過剩
• 情境影響概述

第13章 供應鏈分析

• 五階段價值鏈結構
• 區域供應情況
• 地緣政治戰略要點
• 供應商的策略定位
• 垂直整合趨勢
• 關於內部生產或外部採購的決策架構。
• 戰略意義

第14章 市場預測：2026-2036年

• 頭條預測 - 基本情景
• 各細分市場成長率
• 區域分類
• 應用程式類別細分
• 情境分析
• 成長率排名前十的細分市場
• 關鍵預測結果

第15章：公司簡介（137家公司簡介）

第16章調查方法

第17章參考文獻

Space materials are the shielding, insulation, structures, propellants, cells and coatings that make a spacecraft survivable. They are a small fraction of programme cost but a first-order constraint on what can be flown, and the market for them is being reshaped faster than at any point since the Apollo era.

The driver is volume. Global orbital launches passed 250 in 2024 and are trending toward 400 or more by the end of the decade, while cost-per-kilogram to low Earth orbit is falling below USD 1,500 on heavy reusable systems. Mega-constellations - Starlink, Kuiper, OneWeb/Eutelsat, IRIS², Guowang and Qianfan - imply more than 60,000 satellites on orbit by 2036, turning satellite production into something closer to a manufacturing line than a bespoke build. That change inverts the traditional material trade-space. Where mass-optimisation once justified almost any price premium, cost-sensitive constellation platforms now favour cheaper, higher-volume alternatives, and the qualification premium that separates a space-grade material from its terrestrial equivalent is under sustained pressure.

At the same time, demand is broadening. Artemis and the parallel Chinese, European, Indian, Japanese and Emirati lunar programmes create requirements that constellations do not: radiation shielding for crewed transit, regolith-based construction, high-power electric propulsion and ISRU feedstocks. Defence space is funding proliferated, hardened architectures with shorter design lives and faster replenishment. In-space manufacturing remains the most speculative segment - no space-manufactured product is yet available for sale on Earth, and in-orbit research still costs USD 25,000 to 100,000 per kilogram - but pharmaceutical seed crystals, gold nanospheres and semiconductor-grade crystals are converging on the point where per-gram value covers the journey.

Supply is the vulnerability. The market depends on a small number of chokepoints: ADN from a single European source, xenon and krypton from a concentrated noble gas supply chain, pitch-based carbon fibre dominated by Japanese producers, plus rhenium, niobium C-103 and germanium substrates. Industrial policy is responding. Analysis of South Korea's three-hub cluster strategy captures the wider pattern: governments still account for up to seventy per cent of upstream revenue, late entrants must master advanced materials and precision manufacturing simultaneously rather than sequentially, and defence-space convergence is the route most states are taking. Sovereign materials capability has become a strategic objective in its own right, not a by-product of space programmes, and export controls now shape supplier selection as firmly as price or performance.

The Global Market for Space Materials 2026-2036: Shielding, Thermal Management, Propulsion and Structures for the New Space Economy quantifies and analyses the global market for space-qualified materials over the period 2026 to 2036. It covers the materials that go into launch vehicles, satellites, crewed spacecraft, lunar and planetary platforms and in-space manufacturing systems - and, critically, it measures the value captured by materials suppliers rather than by the spacecraft primes and launch providers who buy from them.

Contents include:

• Market drivers and the new space economy - launch cadence and reusability, cost-per-kilogram trajectory, mega-constellations, lunar and Mars programmes, defence space, OSAM, material qualification frameworks (NASA-STD-6016, ECSS, MIL-STD-1540, AS9100), the space environment, debris mitigation and demisability, and ITAR/EAR/EU dual-use export controls.
• Radiation shielding materials - hydrogen-rich polymers, boron nitride nanotubes and h-BN composites, lithium-based shielding, multifunctional structural shielding, active shielding concepts, rad-hard electronics packaging and regolith-based habitat shielding.
• Thermal management - multi-layer insulation, heat pipes and loop heat pipes, radiators, phase-change materials, thermal interface materials, pyrolytic graphite and carbon straps, thermal coatings and optical solar reflectors, cryogenic systems and emerging metamaterial radiators.
• Structural composites - carbon fibre grades and resin systems, manufacturing routes, thermoplastics, sandwich structures, COPVs, cryogenic tanks, fairings, satellite buses, optical benches, nozzles and motor cases.
• Chemical propulsion - storable and cryogenic propellants, hydrazine REACH phase-out, solid propellants, green monopropellants including ASCENT and LMP-103S, the ADN supply chain, and chamber, throat and nozzle materials.
• Electric propulsion - Hall effect, gridded ion, FEEP and colloid thrusters; channel, cathode and grid materials; and the xenon, krypton, iodine and argon propellant transition.
• Space-qualified photovoltaics, re-entry thermal protection systems, in-space manufacturing feedstocks and ISRU materials, and cross-cutting enabling materials.
• Barriers to growth, supply chain analysis, full market forecasts 2026-2036, 136 company profiles and appendices covering standards, patents, regulation and research methodology.

Companies profiled include Agile Space Industries, Agnikul Cosmos, Airbus Defence and Space, Albany Engineered Composites, American Boronite Corporation, Arceon, ArianeGroup, Arinna, Arnold Magnetics, Astradyne, Astrobotic Technology, Astral Materials, Astroscale, ATI - Allegheny Technologies, Avio S.p.A., AZ Technology, AZUR SPACE Solar Power, BAE Systems Space, Bayern-Chemie / MBDA, Bellatrix Aerospace, Beyond Gravity, Blue Canyon Technologies, Blue Orbit Space, Blue Origin, BNNano, BNNT LLC, Boeing Space, Busek Co., Calyos, Canada Rocket Company, Carbice Corporation, Carbon Fly, CESI, COI Ceramics, Composite Technology Development (CTD), Cosmic Shielding Corporation, Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense (TiNi), ENPULSION, Epsilon Composite, EURENCO Bofors, Euro-Composites, Exotrail, Firefly Aerospace, Flexell Space, geCKo Materials, GKN Aerospace, Goodfellow, Helios, Hexcel Corporation, IberEspacio, ICON, IHI Aerospace, Impulse Space, Infraprint, INNOSPACE, Interlune, Intuitive Machines, ispace inc., Isar Aerospace, Kluber Lubrication, Kongsberg NanoAvionics, KULR Technology Group, L3Harris Technologies, Leonardo S.p.A., Lockheed Martin Space, Lunar Outpost, Lunar Resources Inc., Magdrive, Markforged and more......

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 Report scope, objectives and definitions
  • 1.1.1 Market boundaries: what is and is not "space materials"
  • 1.1.2 Adjacent markets briefly considered
• 1.2 Market drivers in summary
• 1.3 Market size
• 1.4 Material segment summary
• 1.5 Application summary
• 1.6 Regional summary
• 1.7 Ten most disruptive technologies through
• 1.8 Investment, M&A and government programmes 2023-2026
• 1.9 Key strategic findings

2 MARKET DRIVERS AND THE NEW SPACE ECONOMY

• 2.1 Structural shift from government to commercial space
• 2.2 Launch cadence and reusability
  • 2.2.1 Annual orbital launch cadence
  • 2.2.2 Cost-per-kilogram trajectory
  • 2.2.3 Reusability impact on materials demand
• 2.3 Mega-constellations
  • 2.3.1 Starlink, Kuiper, OneWeb / Eutelsat
  • 2.3.2 Guowang, Qianfan / Thousand Sails (China)
  • 2.3.3 IRIS² (EU)
  • 2.3.4 Defence constellations (SDA, USSF, allied)
• 2.4 Lunar programmes
  • 2.4.1 NASA Artemis and Lunar Gateway
  • 2.4.2 Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS)
  • 2.4.3 China CNSA / ILRS lunar programme
  • 2.4.4 ESA, ISRO, JAXA, UAE lunar plans
• 2.5 Mars programmes and crewed deep-space missions
• 2.6 In-space manufacturing, OSAM and orbital servicing
• 2.7 Defence and national security space
• 2.8 Adjacent and crossover markets
  • 2.8.1 High-altitude pseudo-satellites (HAPS)
  • 2.8.2 Hypersonics dual-use
  • 2.8.3 eVTOL and UAM (material crossover only)
• 2.9 Material qualification frameworks
  • 2.9.1 TRL stage gates
  • 2.9.2 NASA-STD-6016, ECSS-Q-70, MIL-STD-1540, AS9100
  • 2.9.3 Outgassing requirements (TML, CVCM, ASTM E595)
• 2.10 Space environment requirements
  • 2.10.1 Vacuum and atomic oxygen
  • 2.10.2 Radiation (GCR, SPE, trapped belts)
  • 2.10.3 Thermal cycling and extreme temperatures
  • 2.10.4 Micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD)
• 2.11 Sustainability, debris mitigation and demisability
• 2.12 ITAR, EAR and EU dual-use export controls

3 RADIATION SHIELDING MATERIALS

• 3.1 Space radiation environment
  • 3.1.1 Galactic cosmic rays (GCR)
  • 3.1.2 Solar particle events (SPE)
  • 3.1.3 Trapped Van Allen belts
  • 3.1.4 Secondary particle generation
• 3.2 Shielding physics fundamentals
  • 3.2.1 Stopping power and Bragg peak
  • 3.2.2 Mass-stopping vs areal-density approaches
• 3.3 Hydrogen-rich polymer shielding
  • 3.3.1 Polyethylene and HDPE
  • 3.3.2 Polymer composites with embedded hydrogenous fillers
  • 3.3.3 Hydrogenated nanocomposites
  • 3.3.4 Demron and similar lead-free polymeric blends
• 3.4 Boron- and lithium-based neutron shielding
  • 3.4.1 Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs)
  • 3.4.2 Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) composites
  • 3.4.3 Lithium hydride and lithium-loaded polymers
  • 3.4.4 Boron carbide and ¹⁰B-enriched compounds
• 3.5 Multi-functional structural shielding
• 3.6 Water and propellant-based shielding architectures
• 3.7 Active shielding concepts
  • 3.7.1 Superconducting magnetic shields
  • 3.7.2 Electrostatic and plasma shields
  • 3.7.3 TRL assessment and barriers
• 3.8 Radiation-hardened electronics packaging
• 3.9 Shielding for crewed lunar/Mars habitats
  • 3.9.1 Regolith-based shielding
  • 3.9.2 Inflatable habitat shielding architectures
• 3.10 Suppliers, value chain and pricing
• 3.11 Ten-year forecast for radiation shielding materials

4 THERMAL MANAGEMENT MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS

• 4.1 Thermal challenges in the space environment
• 4.2 Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI)
  • 4.2.1 Conventional aluminised Mylar/Kapton MLI
  • 4.2.2 Integrated MLI (IMLI) and load-bearing MLI
  • 4.2.3 Aerogel-based blankets
• 4.3 Heat pipes
  • 4.3.1 Constant conductance heat pipes (CCHPs)
  • 4.3.2 Variable conductance heat pipes (VCHPs)
  • 4.3.3 Working fluids and envelope materials
• 4.4 Loop heat pipes (LHPs) and capillary pumped loops (CPLs)
• 4.5 Radiators
  • 4.5.1 Body-mounted radiators
  • 4.5.2 Deployable radiators
  • 4.5.3 Pumped fluid loops
• 4.6 Phase-change materials (PCMs) for spacecraft
  • 4.6.1 Paraffins and salt hydrates qualified for space
  • 4.6.2 Encapsulation strategies
• 4.7 Thermal interface materials (TIMs) for space
  • 4.7.1 Greases, gels and pads (space-qualified grades)
  • 4.7.2 Carbon nanotube and graphene-based TIMs
  • 4.7.3 Indium and metal foil TIMs
• 4.8 High-conductivity carbon materials
  • 4.8.1 Pyrolytic graphite sheets (PGS)
  • 4.8.2 K-Core and APG (annealed pyrolytic graphite)
  • 4.8.3 Carbon-fibre thermal straps
• 4.9 Thermal coatings
  • 4.9.1 White and black paints (Z93, AZ-93, Aeroglaze)
  • 4.9.2 Optical solar reflectors (OSRs)
  • 4.9.3 Second-surface mirrors
  • 4.9.4 Vapour-deposited aluminium / silver / gold coatings
• 4.10 Cryogenic thermal management
  • 4.10.1 Cryocoolers and Stirling coolers
  • 4.10.2 Cryogenic propellant boil-off mitigation
  • 4.10.3 IR sensor cooling
• 4.11 Advanced and emerging concepts
  • 4.11.1 Metamaterials and electrochromic radiators
  • 4.11.2 Oscillating heat pipes
  • 4.11.3 Two-phase mechanically pumped loops
• 4.12 Suppliers and value chain
• 4.13 Ten-year forecast for thermal management

5 STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES FOR LAUNCHERS AND SATELLITES

• 5.1 Material requirements
• 5.2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
  • 5.2.1 Carbon fiber grades
  • 5.2.2 Resin systems
• 5.3 Manufacturing routes
• 5.4 Thermoplastic composites
• 5.5 Sandwich structures
• 5.6 Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs)
• 5.7 Cryogenic composite tanks
• 5.8 Launcher structures
  • 5.8.1 Payload fairings
  • 5.8.2 Interstages and dispensers
  • 5.8.3 Common bulkheads
• 5.9 Satellite structures
  • 5.9.1 Buses and platforms
  • 5.9.2 Optical benches
  • 5.9.3 Antenna reflectors and booms
• 5.10 Rocket nozzles and motor cases
  • 5.10.1 Carbon-carbon (C/C) nozzles
  • 5.10.2 Filament-wound motor cases
• 5.11 Metallic alternatives
• 5.12 Suppliers and value chain
• 5.13 Ten-year forecast for structural composites

6 CHEMICAL PROPULSION MATERIALS AND PROPELLANTS

• 6.1 Overview of chemical propulsion classes
• 6.2 Storable propellants
  • 6.2.1 MMH/NTO and UDMH systems
  • 6.2.2 Hydrazine: REACH phase-out trajectory
• 6.3 Cryogenic propellants
  • 6.3.1 LOX/LH₂
  • 6.3.2 LOX/methane
  • 6.3.3 LOX/RP-1 and densified propellants
• 6.4 Solid rocket propellants
  • 6.4.1 HTPB / AP / aluminium baseline
  • 6.4.2 Advanced binders (GAP, BAMO-AMMO)
  • 6.4.3 High-performance ingredients
• 6.5 Green monopropellants
  • 6.5.1 ASCENT / AF-M315E (HAN-based)
  • 6.5.2 LMP-103S and ECAPS HPGP
  • 6.5.3 ADN supply chain
  • 6.5.4 Hydrogen peroxide and HTP/kerosene
  • 6.5.5 Green monopropellant flight heritage
• 6.6 Hybrid propulsion
• 6.7 Combustion chamber, throat and nozzle materials
  • 6.7.1 Niobium C-103
  • 6.7.2 Rhenium-iridium
  • 6.7.3 Carbon-carbon and ceramic matrix composites
  • 6.7.4 Additively manufactured GRCop-42, Inconel 718, refractory alloys
• 6.8 Suppliers and value chain
• 6.9 Ten-year forecast for chemical propulsion materials

7 ELECTRIC PROPULSION MATERIALS

• 7.1 EP classes and roles in modern satellites
• 7.2 Hall effect thrusters
  • 7.2.1 Discharge channel materials
  • 7.2.2 Hollow cathodes
  • 7.2.3 Magnetic circuits and pole-piece materials
• 7.3 Gridded ion thrusters (GIT)
  • 7.3.1 Molybdenum, titanium and pyrolytic graphite grids
  • 7.3.2 Carbon-carbon grids for long-life systems
• 7.4 FEEP and colloid thrusters
• 7.5 Pulsed plasma and arcjet thrusters
• 7.6 Electrothermal water and air-breathing propulsion
• 7.7 Propellant alternatives to xenon
  • 7.7.1 Krypton: Starlink experience and supply
  • 7.7.2 Iodine: ThrustMe heritage and fleet adoption
  • 7.7.3 Argon, water and condensable propellants
• 7.8 Xenon and krypton supply chain
  • 7.8.1 Russia/Ukraine constraints
  • 7.8.2 US, China and Korean ASU capacity
• 7.9 Suppliers and value chain
• 7.10 Ten-year forecast for EP materials and propellants

8 SPACE-QUALIFIED PHOTOVOLTAICS

• 8.1 Power requirements across mission classes
• 8.2 III-V multi-junction (3J) cells: the workhorse
• 8.3 Inverted Metamorphic Multi-Junction (IMM) cells
• 8.4 Perovskite-on-silicon and all-perovskite tandem cells for space
• 8.5 Silicon and CIGS thin-film for space
• 8.6 Cover materials: cerium-doped glass, OSR coverglass, encapsulants
• 8.7 Array architectures
  • 8.7.1 Rigid panels (CFRP face sheets, Al honeycomb core)
  • 8.7.2 Roll-Out Solar Array (ROSA)
  • 8.7.3 Mega-ROSA and iROSA
  • 8.7.4 Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) for space
• 8.8 Specific power roadmap
• 8.9 Suppliers and value chain
• 8.10 Ten-year forecast for space PV materials

9 RE-ENTRY AND THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS (TPS)

• 9.1 Re-entry physics and heat-flux regimes
• 9.2 Material classes overview
• 9.3 Ablative TPS
  • 9.3.1 PICA / PICA-X
  • 9.3.2 AVCOAT and Apollo-heritage ablators
  • 9.3.3 HEEET (Heat-shield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology)
  • 9.3.4 Carbon phenolic
  • 9.3.5 SLA, SIRCA and low-density variants
• 9.4 Reusable TPS
  • 9.4.1 Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC)
  • 9.4.2 Hex tiles and shuttle-heritage tile families
  • 9.4.3 Inconel and titanium standoff structures
• 9.5 Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs)
• 9.6 Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) for hot structures
• 9.7 Inflatable / Deployable TPS
• 9.8 Suppliers and value chain
• 9.9 Ten-year forecast for TPS materials

10 IN-SPACE MANUFACTURING (ISM) FEEDSTOCKS AND ISRU MATERIALS

• 10.1 ISM business models and value propositions
• 10.2 Microgravity manufacturing
  • 10.2.1 Pharmaceutical crystallisation: Varda Space Industries
  • 10.2.2 Semiconductor crystallisation: Space Forge
  • 10.2.3 ZBLAN and specialty fibre: Made In Space heritage
• 10.3 Orbital additive manufacturing and assembly
  • 10.3.1 Polymer extrusion (FFF) heritage
  • 10.3.2 ULTEM, PEEK, and ULTEM 9085 feedstocks
  • 10.3.3 Metal AM on-orbit (DED, electron-beam)
  • 10.3.4 On-orbit assembly: Archinaut, OSAM and PERIOD
  • 10.3.5 On-orbit servicing and refuelling: Astroscale, MEV, Orbit Fab
• 10.4 Lunar regolith and ISRU
  • 10.4.1 Regolith composition and mineralogy
  • 10.4.2 Regolith sintering, casting, and 3D printing for habitat
  • 10.4.3 Lunar oxygen extraction
  • 10.4.4 Lunar water mining
  • 10.4.5 Mars ISRU: MOXIE heritage
• 10.5 Suppliers and value chain
• 10.6 Ten-year forecast for ISM and ISRU materials

11 CROSS-CUTTING AND ENABLING MATERIALS

• 11.1 Wiring, interconnects and flexible electronics
• 11.2 Vacuum and cryogenic lubricants
• 11.3 Optical coatings and thermal-control surfaces
• 11.4 Surface treatments and finishes
• 11.5 EMI shielding and ESD protection
• 11.6 Specialty materials
• 11.7 Suppliers and value chain
• 11.8 Ten-year forecast for cross-cutting materials

12 BARRIERS TO GROWTH ANALYSIS

• 12.1 Severity-time framework
• 12.2 Supply chain concentration risk
• 12.3 Qualification timeline barriers
• 12.4 Regulatory pressure
• 12.5 Geopolitical export controls
• 12.6 Workforce and skills
• 12.7 Capacity headroom
• 12.8 Summary scenario impact

13 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

• 13.1 Five-tier value chain structure
• 13.2 Regional supply landscape
• 13.3 Geopolitical chokepoints
• 13.4 Supplier strategic positioning
• 13.5 Vertical integration trends
• 13.6 Make-versus-buy decision framework
• 13.7 Strategic implications

14 MARKET FORECASTS 2026-2036

• 14.1 Headline forecast - base case
• 14.2 Growth rates by segment
• 14.3 Regional split
• 14.4 Application-class breakdown
• 14.5 Scenario analysis
• 14.6 Top-10 highest-growth sub-segments
• 14.7 Key forecast conclusions

15 COMPANY PROFILES (137 company profiles)

16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• 16.1 Report scope and market definitions
  • 16.1.1 Research approach
    • 16.1.1.1 Stream 1 - Company profiling and industry mapping
    • 16.1.1.2 Stream 2 - Literature and technical review
    • 16.1.1.3 Stream 3 - Quantitative analysis and market modelling
    • 16.1.1.4 Stream 4 - Expert consultation
    • 16.1.1.5 Stream 5 - Scenario construction and sensitivity testing
  • 16.1.2 Forecast outputs and locked assumptions
  • 16.1.3 Cross-report validation
  • 16.1.4 Data quality, limitations and caveats

17 REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Total space materials market 2024-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 2. Space materials market by segment, 2026 vs 2031 vs 2036 (USD millions)
• Table 3. Market size by end-application 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 4. Regional market sizing 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 5. Disruptive technology shortlist with TRL and revenue impact
• Table 6. Selected funding rounds and acquisitions 2023-2026
• Table 7. Orbital launches by operator 2018-2026
• Table 8. Reusable vs expendable launch: indicative materials consumption per launch (Falcon 9 class, kg)
• Table 9. Mega-constellation deployment schedule and satellite count, 2024-2036 (active units)
• Table 10. Lunar programme materials demand outlook 2026-2036 (USD millions, materials only)
• Table 11. Announced ISM and OSAM missions 2024-2030 (selected)
• Table 12. HAPS platforms and shared material technologies with satellites
• Table 13. Outgassing thresholds for space-qualified materials
• Table 14. Mission radiation dose exposure
• Table 15. Comparison of shielding materials by stopping power per gram
• Table 16. Hydrogen content of candidate shielding polymers
• Table 17. Properties of BNNTs vs CNTs vs Al for radiation shielding
• Table 18. Active shielding concept TRL matrix
• Table 19. Radiation shielding material suppliers and product portfolio (selected)
• Table 20. Radiation shielding revenue forecast 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 21. MLI configurations and effective emissivity by mission class
• Table 22. Heat pipe working fluids and operating temperature ranges
• Table 23. LHP and CPL suppliers and product portfolio (selected)
• Table 24. PCM candidates for spacecraft thermal control
• Table 25. Space-qualified TIM thermal conductivity benchmark
• Table 26. Thermal coating optical properties (α, ε, α/ε)
• Table 27. Thermal management revenue forecast by sub-segment 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 28. Specific stiffness, CTE and density of structural materials
• Table 29. Carbon fiber grades and properties
• Table 30. OoA vs autoclave: cost, throughput and quality comparison
• Table 31. Thermoplastic composite suppliers and aerospace-qualified grades
• Table 32. COPV manufacturers and product portfolio (selected)
• Table 33. Payload fairing CFRP demand by launch vehicle
• Table 34. Satellite bus structural mass: representative platforms
• Table 35. Structural composites revenue forecast 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 36. Chemical propellant performance comparison
• Table 37. Storable propellant production capacity by region (metric tons per year, 2026)
• Table 38. LOX/CH₄ engine programmes 2024-2030 (selected)
• Table 39. Solid rocket motor primary ingredients and global production volumes (2026)
• Table 40. Global ADN production forecast 2022-2036 (metric tons)
• Table 41. Global ADN revenue forecast 2022-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 42. Combustion chamber and nozzle material selection matrix
• Table 43. Additive manufacturing for propulsion: material, supplier and application (selected)
• Table 44. Chemical propulsion materials revenue forecast 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 45. Hollow cathode emitter material comparison
• Table 46. Ion grid materials and lifetime
• Table 47. EP propellant comparison
• Table 48. Xenon and krypton global supply forecast 2024-2036 (metric tons)
• Table 49. EP materials revenue forecast 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 50. III-V multi-junction cell suppliers and product families
• Table 51. Perovskite-for-space programmes and demonstrators
• Table 52. Cover materials and encapsulants for space PV
• Table 53. Specific power roadmap: representative technologies, BoL panel-level (W/kg)
• Table 54. Space PV revenue forecast 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 55. Ablative TPS materials performance and applications
• Table 56. Reusable TPS material capabilities by class
• Table 57. TPS revenue forecast by sub-segment 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 58. Microgravity manufacturing operators and product categories
• Table 59. Orbital additive manufacturing feedstock materials
• Table 60. Lunar regolith composition by region
• Table 61. ISRU technology demonstrators and operators
• Table 62. ISM and ISRU revenue forecast 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 63. Vacuum and cryogenic lubricant comparison
• Table 64. Cross-cutting specialty materials and suppliers
• Table 65. Cross-cutting materials revenue forecast 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 66. Critical material supply concentration assessment
• Table 67. Qualification timeline by mission class
• Table 68. Regulatory pressures and material substitution
• Table 69. Capacity headroom for critical materials
• Table 70. Forecast sensitivity to barrier scenarios
• Table 71. Regional supply share by major material category (2026 estimates)
• Table 72. Geopolitical chokepoint disruption scenarios
• Table 73. Vertical integration patterns by material category
• Table 74. Make-versus-buy decision framework
• Table 75. Critical-material supplier landscape - one-line summary
• Table 76. Total space materials market by segment, 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 77. Regional split of total space materials market, 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 78. Total space materials market by application class, 2026-2036 (USD millions)
• Table 79. Total space materials market 2026-2036 by scenario (USD billions)
• Table 80. Top-10 highest-growth sub-segments

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Total space materials market by segment, 2024-2036 (USD millions)
• Figure 2. CAGR comparison across material segments 2026-2036 (%)
• Figure 3. Application split 2026 vs 2036
• Figure 4. Regional share of space materials demand, 2036
• Figure 5. Government space budgets vs commercial space hardware spend, 2010-2036 (USD billions, constant 2024)
• Figure 6. Annual orbital launches and mass to orbit, 2010-2036
• Figure 7. Cost per kg to LEO, 2010-2036 (USD, lowest commercially available)
• Figure 8. Cumulative active satellites on orbit by operator, 2024-2036
• Figure 9. Space environment summary by orbit class - radiation dose, atomic oxygen, thermal cycling, MMOD risk
• Figure 10. GCR and SPE energy spectra
• Figure 11. Schematic of a hydrogen-rich polymer shield architecture (cross-section)
• Figure 12. BNNT structure schematic - h-BN hexagonal lattice and rolled single-walled tube
• Figure 13. Active magnetic shielding concept diagram
• Figure 15. Spacecraft thermal control schematic - heat sources, transport and rejection
• Figure 16. MLI cross-section showing typical layer stack
• Figure 17. Heat pipe operating principle
• Figure 18. Loop heat pipe schematic
• Figure 19. Deployable radiator deployment sequence
• Figure 20. PCM-based transient load buffer schematic
• Figure 21. Thermal management materials revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 22. Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) head placing prepreg slit-tape onto a mandrel
• Figure 23. COPV cross-section showing metal liner and carbon fibre overwrap
• Figure 24. Cryogenic composite tank concept showing the multi-layer wall architecture
• Figure 25.Structural composites revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 26. Chemical propulsion family tree, showing major sub-classes and representative engines
• Figure 27. LOX/CH₄ engine programmes 2024-2030 by region and development status
• Figure 28. Global ADN production by region 2022-2036 (metric tons)
• Figure 29. Green monopropellant flight heritage milestones, 2010-2036
• Figure 30. Chemical propulsion materials revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 31. EP penetration in commercial GEO and LEO satellites, 2010-2036
• Figure 32. Hall thruster anatomy showing discharge channel, magnetic circuit, anode and hollow cathode
• Figure 33. Ion grid set diagram for a gridded ion thruster
• Figure 34. EP propellant trade-space - Isp vs storage density
• Figure 35. Iodine adoption and flight heritage map, 2018-2030
• Figure 36. EP materials revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 37. III-V three-junction cell architecture (InGaP / InGaAs / Ge stack)
• Figure 38. IMM four-junction band-gap diagram
• Figure 39. All-perovskite tandem cell stack for space applications
• Figure 40. Roll-Out Solar Array (ROSA) deployed configuration
• Figure 41. Space PV specific power roadmap by technology, 2010-2036
• Figure 42. Space PV revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 43. Stagnation heat flux as a function of entry velocity and nose radius
• Figure 44. TPS material classification - ablative vs reusable, with representative applications
• Figure 45. SpaceX Starship-class hex tile arrangement on windward surface
• Figure 46. HIAD inflatable TPS deployment sequence
• Figure 47. TPS materials revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 48. In-space manufacturing and ISRU mission roster, 2024-2030
• Figure 49. Orbital additive manufacturing process flow
• Figure 50. Lunar regolith oxide composition (mare vs highland)
• Figure 51. Two principal lunar oxygen extraction routes
• Figure 52. ISM and ISRU revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 53. Cross-cutting and enabling material categories
• Figure 54. Vacuum lubricant tribology - coefficient of friction vs wear life (representative)
• Figure 55. Representative optical coating transmission characteristidcs across UV, visible and near-IR
• Figure 56. Cross-cutting materials revenue forecast 2026-2036, by sub-segment
• Figure 57. Barriers to growth - severity vs time-to-resolve, with bubble size indicating revenue exposure
• Figure 58. Single-source supplier concentration in critical space materials
• Figure 59. Material qualification timelines by mission class
• Figure 60. Five-tier value chain structure for space materials
• Figure 61. Regional space-materials supply landscape (representative, 2026)
• Figure 62. Principal geopolitical chokepoints in space materials supply
• Figure 63.Supplier strategic positioning matrix
• Figure 64. Total space materials market 2026-2036, base case, by segment
• Figure 65. CAGR by segment, 2026-2036
• Figure 66. Regional share of space materials revenue, 2026 vs 2036 (base case)
• Figure 67. Space materials revenue by application class, 2026-2036
• Figure 68. Space materials market 2026-2036, scenario fan
• Figure 69. Top-10 highest-growth sub-segments, 2026-2036