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市場調查報告書
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2097515

全球先進化學回收市場（2027-2040 年）

The Global Advanced Chemical Recycling Market 2027-2040
出版日期: | 出版商: Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 414 Pages, 117 Tables, 70 Figures | 訂單完成後即時交付

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先進的（化學）回收市場將無法透過機械回收處理的塑膠廢棄物轉化為碳氫化合物原料和單體，用於製造新的塑膠、燃料和化學品。其主要目標是處理混合、掩埋和多層結構的廢棄物，包括混合聚烯、軟性薄膜和金屬化薄膜、炭黑塑膠、纖維混合物以及食品污染物 - 這些廢棄物按以重量為準計佔塑膠廢棄物的大部分，否則將被焚燒、掩埋或出口。

該市場基於四大主要技術：熱解技術，其加工能力佔據主導地位，生產的油品可替代蒸汽裂解中的化石石腦油；熱解，其抗污染能力強，可生產合成氣、甲醇和氫氣；解聚合，針對特定聚合物，生產再生單體，例如rPET、rMMA和再生尼龍；以及溶解技術，用於回收精製聚合物。產品範圍涵蓋熱解油和合成石腦油、再生單體、合成氣和回收炭黑，最終根據物料平衡分配為循環聚合物。

需求較多受監管因素而非經濟因素驅動。再生材料未必比化石燃料便宜。市場格局受以下因素影響：歐盟《包裝和包裝廢棄物條例》、一次性塑膠指令、報廢車輛框架、美國各州法律以及亞洲國家的法規均強制要求使用再生材料。對於聚烯包裝材料而言，由於目前尚無大規模機械回收方法能夠滿足食品接觸品質標準，因此需要採用先進的回收技術才能符合這些法規要求。

該市場屬於資本密集且技術高度發展的市場，導致公佈產能與運作產能之間存在顯著差距。全球整體公佈產能約為每年600萬噸，而運作產能僅為每年約140萬噸。儘管歐盟決定在2025年底通過一項「不包括燃料使用量的物料平衡法」，消除了一項重大的投資不確定性，但2024年至2026年間一系列計畫的失敗和延期凸顯了建設、原料採購和試運行中仍然存在的嚴重風險。此外，該行業還面臨非政府組織在排放、能源消耗和產量方面的持續反對，使得法規核准、認證和買家合格成為非常重要的商業因素。

《全球先進化學回收市場（2027-2040）》是一份全面的市場報告，分析了將難以回收的塑膠廢棄物轉化為循環原料的技術、產品、主要參與者和需求推動要素。本報告基於資料，對正處於轉折點的市場進行了評估。歐盟在物料平衡核算法規方面取得的進展，與專案失敗和延誤的嚴峻現實，以及公佈產能與運作產能之間四倍的差距交織在一起。報告依技術（熱解、氣化、解聚、溶解和新興過程）、產品（熱解油和合成石腦油、再生單體、合成氣和甲醇、回收炭黑和循環聚合物）、終端用戶行業和地區對市場進行了量化分析，並以名義產能和實際已調整的產能的形式，對2040年之前的市場進行了預測。本報告還分析了供應側趨勢，例如生產商趨勢、原料供應和價格，以及公佈產能與運作能之間的差距。它還分析需求和客戶趨勢，包括熱解油買家、購買協議、買家資格要求和付款意願。

報告的專門章節涵蓋了全球監管環境，包括歐盟2025年「燃料使用排除實施決定」、PPWR（預裂解水反應器）、美國各州法律和亞洲法規；討論了物料平衡和認證、永續性和生命週期評估（LCA）；定價，包括熱解油與化石石腦油的價格分離；以及2024年至2026年至2026年期間的投資整合。報告概述了從獨立技術開發公司到綜合性石化巨頭，貫穿整個價值鏈的公司，並提供了工廠層級產能的詳細資料。

本報告目的是為生產商、技術授權人、石化和煉油企業、品牌所有者、投資者和政策制定者提供嚴謹、最新且具有商業性價值的市場分析。報告基於工廠層級的資料庫、企業資訊披露、監管措施和價格評估，清楚區分了已公佈的計劃和實際營運狀況。

目錄包括以下內容：

  • 執行摘要
  • 回收技術的分類
  • 調查方法
  • 引言：塑膠生產、廢棄物、污染、循環經濟，以及機械回收與先進回收的比較。
  • 先進化學回收市場：依技術、產品、最終用途和地區分類的促進因素、限制因素、產能和市場規模
  • 塑膠廢棄物原料：供應情況、接收費用和定價、品質、產量
  • 全球監管格局：歐盟《公共採購條例》（PPWR）和《補充採購條例》（SUPD）的決定、2025年不包括燃料用途的大規模商品銷售決定、美國各州法律、亞洲及世界其他地區
  • 物料平衡和監管鏈認證
  • 圍繞永續性、生命週期評估和化學回收的討論
  • 投資、資金籌措、併購以及公佈產能與運作中。
  • 競爭格局和市場佔有率
  • 熱解油（PPO）市場：價值鏈、規格和品質、供應、需求和客戶、認證、定價、預測和替代品
  • 先進的回收技術：熱解、氣化、溶解、解聚以及新興和商業化製程。
  • 材料分析與最終產品分析：化學原料、燃料、回收單體、合成氣和甲醇、回收炭黑和回收聚合物。
  • 200家公司的公司簡介。目標公司包括：Accurec Recycling、Aduro Clean Technologies、Advanced Plastic Purification International（APPI）、Aeternal Upcycling、Agilyx、Alpha Recyclage Composites、Alterra Energy、Ambercycle、Anellotech、Anhui Oursun Resource Technology、APChemi、Aquafil、ARCUS Greencycling、Arkema、Axens、BASF、Bcircular、BioBTX、Biofabrik Technologies、Blest（Microengineer）、Blue Cycle、BlueAlp Technology、Borealis、Boston Materials、Braven Environmental、Breaking、Brightmark、Cadel Deinking、Carbios、Carboliq、Carbon Fiber Recycling、Cassandra Oil、CIRC、China Tianying、Chevron Phillips Chemical、Clariter、Clean Energy Enterprises、Clean Planet Energy、Corsair Group International、Covestro、CreaCycle、CuRe Technology、Cyclic Materials、Cyclize、DeepTech Recycling、DePoly、DOPS Recycling Technology、Dow Chemical Company、DyeRecycle、Descycle、Eastman Chemical Company、Eco Fuel Technology、Ecopek、Ecoplasteam、ECO RnS、Eeden、Emery Oleochemicals、Encina Development Group、Endolys、Enerkem、Enespa、Enval、Environmental Solutions (Asia)、Epoch Biodesign、Equipolymers、Evonik Industries、Evrnu、Extracthive、ExxonMobil、Fairmat、Fulcrum BioEnergy、Futerro、Freepoint Eco-Systems、Fych Technologies、Garbo、Greenback Recycling Technologies、GreenMantra Technologies、Greyparrot、Gr3n、Handerek Technologies、Hanwha Solutions、Honeywell、Hyundai Chemical、Indaver、InEnTec、INEOS Styrolution、Infinited Fiber Company、Ioncell、Ioniqa Technologies、Itero Technologies、Jeplan、JFE Chemical、Kaneka、Khepra、 Klean Industries、Lanzatech、Licella、Loop Industries、LOTTE Chemical、Lummus Technology、LyondellBasell, MacroCycle Technologies, Metaspectral, METYCLE等。
  • 生產和購買熱解油的公司名錄
  • 詞彙表和參考文獻

目錄

第1章 回收技術的分類

第2章 調查方法

第3章 執行摘要

第4章 引言

  • 全球塑膠產量
  • 塑膠的重要性
  • 與塑膠使用相關的問題
  • 生物基或再生塑膠
    • 插入式生物基塑膠
    • 新型生物基塑膠
  • 生物分解性塑膠和可堆肥塑膠
    • 可生物分解
    • 可堆肥性
  • 塑膠污染
  • 政策和法規
  • 循環經濟
  • 塑膠回收
    • 機械回收
    • 先進回收（分子回收、化學回收）
  • 生命週期評估
  • 化學回收與機械回收：互補與競爭
  • 先進回收技術在滿足強制性再生材料含量要求方面的作用。

第5章 先進化學回收市場

  • 市場促進因素和趨勢
  • 市場挑戰與限制因素
  • 容量
  • 全球聚合物需求（2022-2047年），依回收技術分類
  • 全球聚合物需求（2022-2047年），依回收技術和地區分類
  • 化學回收塑膠製品
  • 市場地圖
  • 價值鏈
  • 先進化學回收製程的生命週期評估（LCA）
  • 再生塑膠產量和成本
  • 塑膠廢棄物的供應和價格
  • 依回收技術分類的市場規模和預測（2025-2040年）
  • 依產品類別分類的市場規模及預測（2025-2040年）
  • 依最終用途產業分類的市場規模及預測（2025-2040年）
  • 區域市場分析（2025-2040年）
  • 全球先進化學回收監管格局
  • 產業範圍內的物料平衡和可追溯性認證
  • 關於永續性、生命週期評估和化學回收的討論
  • 投資、資金籌措與併購趨勢（2024-2026年）
  • 競爭格局和市場佔有率

第6章 先進（化學品或原料）回收技術

  • 目的
  • 熱解
  • 技術商業化及最新進展（2024-2026）
  • 氣化
  • 分解
  • 解聚合
  • 其他先進的化學回收技術
  • 熱固性材料的先進回收利用
  • 與傳統回收方法的比較
  • 環境影響評估
  • 新興技術

第7章 熱解油市場

  • 塑膠和燃料價值鏈中的熱解油
  • PPO產品規格和品質
  • PPO供應
  • PPO需求和客戶
  • 適用於PPO的物料平衡、認證和法規
  • PPO定價
  • PPO市場預測（2025-2040年）
  • 競爭格局和替代品狀況
  • 市場趨勢與投資環境（2024-2026）
  • 熱解油生產商和買家名錄

第8章 材料分析

  • 塑膠
  • 金屬
  • 基底金屬
  • 稀土元素
  • 電子廢棄物
  • 紡織品
  • 合成纖維

第9章 最終產品分析

  • 化工原料
  • 回收單體
  • 合成氣、甲醇、氫氣
  • 回收的炭黑和蠟
  • 基於品質平衡的環狀聚合物
  • 燃料
  • 原料
  • 能源產品

第10章 公司簡介（200家公司簡介）

第11章 詞彙表

第12章 參考文獻

The advanced (chemical) recycling market converts plastic waste that mechanical recycling cannot process into hydrocarbon feedstocks and monomers for the production of new plastics, fuels and chemicals. Its core purpose is to address the mixed, contaminated and multi-layer waste streams - mixed polyolefins, flexible and metallised films, carbon-black-pigmented plastics, textile blends and food-contaminated material - that make up the majority of plastic waste by tonnage and that are otherwise incinerated, landfilled or exported.

The market is built on four principal technology families: pyrolysis, which dominates by capacity and produces an oil substitutable for fossil naphtha in steam cracking; gasification, which tolerates contamination and yields syngas, methanol and hydrogen; depolymerisation, which is polymer-specific and yields recycled monomers such as rPET, rMMA and recycled nylon; and dissolution, which recovers purified polymer. Output products range from pyrolysis oil and synthetic naphtha through recycled monomers, syngas and recovered carbon black to mass-balance-attributed circular polymers.

Demand is regulatory in origin rather than economic. Recycled feedstock is not cheaper than fossil feedstock; what creates the market is the obligation to incorporate recycled content under the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, the Single-Use Plastics Directive, the End-of-Life Vehicles framework, United States state legislation and Asian mandates. Because polyolefin packaging has no mechanical route to food-contact quality at scale, meeting these mandates requires advanced recycling.

The market is capital-intensive, technically demanding and marked by a wide gap between announced and operating capacity, with listed global capacity of around 6 million tonnes per year against operating capacity nearer 1.4 million. The end-2025 EU decision adopting the fuel-use excluded mass balance method resolved the principal investment uncertainty, but a wave of project failures and delays through 2024–2026 confirmed that construction, feedstock and commissioning risks remain acute. The sector also faces sustained NGO opposition over emissions, energy use and yields, making regulatory recognition, certification and buyer qualification the decisive commercial variables.

The Global Advanced Recycling Market 2027-2040 is a comprehensive market analysis of the technologies, output products, players and demand drivers converting hard-to-recycle plastic waste into circular feedstocks. It provides a data-led assessment of a market at an inflection point, where the arrival of EU regulatory certainty on mass balance accounting meets a hard reality of project failures, delays and a fourfold gap between announced and operating capacity. The report quantifies the market by technology (pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerisation, dissolution and emerging routes), by output product (pyrolysis oil and synthetic naphtha, recycled monomers, syngas and methanol, recovered carbon black and circular polymers), by end-use sector and by region, with forecasts to 2040 presented as ranges bounded by nameplate and realisation-adjusted capacity. It analyses supply-side trends including the producer landscape, feedstock availability and pricing, and the announced-versus-operating capacity gap, alongside demand and customer trends covering who buys pyrolysis oil, offtake agreements, buyer qualification and willingness to pay.

Dedicated chapters address the global regulatory landscape, including the 2025 EU fuel-use excluded Implementing Decision, PPWR, US state legislation and Asian mandates; mass balance and certification; the sustainability and LCA debate; pricing, including the decoupling of pyrolysis oil from fossil naphtha; and the 2024–2026 investment shakeout, consolidation and project attrition. It profiles the companies active across the value chain, from independent technology developers to integrated petrochemical majors, and includes detailed plant-level capacity data.

The report is intended for producers, technology licensors, petrochemical and refining companies, brand owners, investors and policymakers requiring a rigorous, current and commercially grounded view of the market. It draws on plant-level databases, company disclosures, regulatory instruments and price assessments, distinguishing announced intentions from demonstrated operation throughout.

Contents include:

  • Executive summary
  • Classification of recycling technologies
  • Research methodology
  • Introduction: plastics production, waste, pollution, the circular economy, and mechanical versus advanced recycling
  • The advanced chemical recycling market: drivers, restraints, capacities, and market sizing by technology, output product, end-use sector and region
  • Plastic waste feedstock: availability, gate fees and pricing, quality and yield
  • Global regulatory landscape: EU PPWR and SUPD, the 2025 fuel-use excluded mass balance decision, US state law, Asia and rest of world
  • Mass balance and chain-of-custody certification
  • Sustainability, LCA and the chemical recycling debate
  • Investment, funding, M&A and the announced-versus-operating capacity gap
  • Competitive landscape and market shares
  • The pyrolysis oil (PPO) market: value chain, specification and quality, supply, demand and customers, certification, pricing, forecasts and substitution
  • Advanced recycling technologies: pyrolysis, gasification, dissolution, depolymerisation, and emerging and commercialising routes
  • Materials analysis and end-product analysis: chemical feedstocks, fuels, recycled monomers, syngas and methanol, recovered carbon black and circular polymers
  • 200 Company profiles. Companies profiled include Accurec Recycling, Aduro Clean Technologies, Advanced Plastic Purification International (APPI), Aeternal Upcycling, Agilyx, Alpha Recyclage Composites, Alterra Energy, Ambercycle, Anellotech, Anhui Oursun Resource Technology, APChemi, Aquafil, ARCUS Greencycling, Arkema, Axens, BASF, Bcircular, BioBTX, Biofabrik Technologies, Blest (Microengineer), Blue Cycle, BlueAlp Technology, Borealis, Boston Materials, Braven Environmental, Breaking, Brightmark, Cadel Deinking, Carbios, Carboliq, Carbon Fiber Recycling, Cassandra Oil, CIRC, China Tianying, Chevron Phillips Chemical, Clariter, Clean Energy Enterprises, Clean Planet Energy, Corsair Group International, Covestro, CreaCycle, CuRe Technology, Cyclic Materials, Cyclize, DeepTech Recycling, DePoly, DOPS Recycling Technology, Dow Chemical Company, DyeRecycle, Descycle, Eastman Chemical Company, Eco Fuel Technology, Ecopek, Ecoplasteam, ECO RnS, Eeden, Emery Oleochemicals, Encina Development Group, Endolys, Enerkem, Enespa, Enval, Environmental Solutions (Asia), Epoch Biodesign, Equipolymers, Evonik Industries, Evrnu, Extracthive, ExxonMobil, Fairmat, Fulcrum BioEnergy, Futerro, Freepoint Eco-Systems, Fych Technologies, Garbo, Greenback Recycling Technologies, GreenMantra Technologies, Greyparrot, Gr3n, Handerek Technologies, Hanwha Solutions, Honeywell, Hyundai Chemical, Indaver, InEnTec, INEOS Styrolution, Infinited Fiber Company, Ioncell, Ioniqa Technologies, Itero Technologies, Jeplan, JFE Chemical, Kaneka, Khepra, Klean Industries, Lanzatech, Licella, Loop Industries, LOTTE Chemical, Lummus Technology, LyondellBasell, MacroCycle Technologies, Metaspectral, METYCLE and more...
  • Pyrolysis oil producer and buyer directory
  • Glossary and references

Table of Contents

1 CLASSIFICATION OF RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 3.1 Market context
  • 3.2 The defining tension of 2024 to mid-2026
  • 3.3 Supply, demand and pricing
  • 3.4 Chemical recycling industry shakeout
  • 3.5 Technology diversification
  • 3.6 The sustainability debate
  • 3.7 Outlook

4 INTRODUCTION

  • 4.1 Global production of plastics
  • 4.2 The importance of plastic
  • 4.3 Issues with plastics use
  • 4.4 Bio-based or renewable plastics
    • 4.4.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics
    • 4.4.2 Novel bio-based plastics
  • 4.5 Biodegradable and compostable plastics
    • 4.5.1 Biodegradability
    • 4.5.2 Compostability
  • 4.6 Plastic pollution
  • 4.7 Policy and regulations
  • 4.8 The circular economy
  • 4.9 Plastic recycling
    • 4.9.1 Mechanical recycling
      • 4.9.1.1 Closed-loop mechanical recycling
      • 4.9.1.2 Open-loop mechanical recycling
      • 4.9.1.3 Polymer types, use, and recovery
    • 4.9.2 Advanced recycling (molecular recycling, chemical recycling)
      • 4.9.2.1 Main streams of plastic waste
      • 4.9.2.2 Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling
  • 4.10 Life cycle assessment
  • 4.11 Chemical versus mechanical recycling: complementarity and competition
  • 4.12 The role of advanced recycling in meeting recycled-content mandates

5 THE ADVANCED CHEMICAL RECYCLING MARKET

  • 5.1 Market drivers and trends
    • 5.1.1 Growing Environmental Concerns
    • 5.1.2 Stringent Regulatory Policies
    • 5.1.3 Corporate Sustainability Initiatives
    • 5.1.4 Technological Advancements
    • 5.1.5 Circular Economy Adoption
  • 5.2 Market Challenges and Restraints
    • 5.2.1 High Initial Investment Costs
    • 5.2.2 Technical Challenges
    • 5.2.3 Infrastructure Limitations
    • 5.2.4 Technological Barriers
    • 5.2.5 Supply Chain Complexities
    • 5.2.6 Cost Competitiveness
  • 5.3 Capacities
  • 5.4 Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology
    • 5.4.1 PE
    • 5.4.2 PP
    • 5.4.3 PET
    • 5.4.4 PS
    • 5.4.5 Nylon
    • 5.4.6 PMMA
    • 5.4.7 Others
  • 5.5 Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology, by region
    • 5.5.1 Europe
    • 5.5.2 North America
    • 5.5.3 South America
    • 5.5.4 Asia
    • 5.5.5 Oceania
    • 5.5.6 Africa
  • 5.6 Chemically recycled plastic products
  • 5.7 Market map
  • 5.8 Value chain
  • 5.9 Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of advanced chemical recycling processes
    • 5.9.1 PE
    • 5.9.2 PP
    • 5.9.3 PET
  • 5.10 Recycled plastic yield and cost
    • 5.10.1 Plastic yield of each chemical recycling technologies
    • 5.10.2 Prices
  • 5.11 Plastic waste feedstock supply and pricing
    • 5.11.1 Feedstock availability by region 2025-2040
    • 5.11.2 Gate fees, feedstock pricing and sorting costs
    • 5.11.3 Feedstock quality and its effect on downstream oil yield
  • 5.12 Market size and forecast by recycling technology 2025-2040
  • 5.13 Market size and forecast by output product 2025-2040
  • 5.14 Market size and forecast by end-use sector 2025-2040
  • 5.15 Regional market analysis 2025-2040
  • 5.16 Global regulatory landscape for advanced chemical recycling
    • 5.16.1 EU: PPWR, SUPD and the Waste Framework Directive
    • 5.16.2 EU mass balance Implementing Decision and the fuel-exempt method
    • 5.16.3 EU End-of-Life Vehicles Regulation
    • 5.16.4 United States: state legislation and EPA
    • 5.16.5 Asia: Japan, South Korea and China
    • 5.16.6 Rest of World and international harmonisation
  • 5.17 Mass balance and chain-of-custody certification across the sector
    • 5.17.1 ISCC PLUS, RSB and REDcert
    • 5.17.2 Attribution models compared
    • 5.17.3 Certification as a driver of buyer access and price
  • 5.18 Sustainability, LCA and the chemical recycling debate
    • 5.18.1 Energy use, yields and greenhouse gas emissions
    • 5.18.2 The recycling-versus-recovery debate and NGO criticism
    • 5.18.3 Toxic byproducts, permitting and community opposition
    • 5.18.4 Industry responses and third-party LCA evidence
  • 5.19 Investment, funding and M&A landscape 2024-2026
    • 5.19.1 Capital flows and project finance
    • 5.19.2 The 2024-2025 investment slowdown and its causes
    • 5.19.3 Consolidation, M&A and vertical integration
    • 5.19.4 Announced versus FID-approved versus operational capacity
  • 5.20 Competitive landscape and market shares
    • 5.20.1 Leading players by technology
    • 5.20.2 Market concentration and producer shares
    • 5.20.3 Brand owner and petrochemical major commitments

6 ADVANCED (CHEMICAL OR FEEDSTOCK) RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES

  • 6.1 Applications
  • 6.2 Pyrolysis
    • 6.2.1 Non-catalytic
    • 6.2.2 Catalytic
      • 6.2.2.1 Polystyrene pyrolysis
      • 6.2.2.2 Pyrolysis for production of bio fuel
      • 6.2.2.3 Used tires pyrolysis
        • 6.2.2.3.1 Conversion to biofuel
      • 6.2.2.4 Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes
    • 6.2.3 SWOT analysis
    • 6.2.4 Companies and capacities
    • 6.2.5 Pyrolysis oil yields by feedstock and reactor type
    • 6.2.6 Technology licensors and PPO output specifications
  • 6.3 Technology commercialisation and recent advances 2024-2026
    • 6.3.1 Commercial depolymerisation scale-up
    • 6.3.2 Gasification-to-methanol commercial routes
    • 6.3.3 Microwave-assisted and supercritical pyrolysis
    • 6.3.4 Catalytic pyrolysis and yield-improvement advances
  • 6.4 Gasification
    • 6.4.1 Technology overview
      • 6.4.1.1 Syngas conversion to methanol
      • 6.4.1.2 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
      • 6.4.1.3 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
    • 6.4.2 SWOT analysis
    • 6.4.3 Companies and capacities (current and planned)
  • 6.5 Dissolution
    • 6.5.1 Technology overview
    • 6.5.2 SWOT analysis
    • 6.5.3 Companies and capacities (current and planned)
  • 6.6 Depolymerisation
    • 6.6.1 Hydrolysis
      • 6.6.1.1 Technology overview
      • 6.6.1.2 SWOT analysis
    • 6.6.2 Enzymolysis
      • 6.6.2.1 Technology overview
      • 6.6.2.2 SWOT analysis
    • 6.6.3 Methanolysis
      • 6.6.3.1 Technology overview
      • 6.6.3.2 SWOT analysis
    • 6.6.4 Glycolysis
      • 6.6.4.1 Technology overview
      • 6.6.4.2 SWOT analysis
    • 6.6.5 Aminolysis
      • 6.6.5.1 Technology overview
      • 6.6.5.2 SWOT analysis
    • 6.6.6 Companies and capacities (current and planned)
  • 6.7 Other advanced chemical recycling technologies
    • 6.7.1 Hydrothermal cracking
    • 6.7.2 Pyrolysis with in-line reforming
    • 6.7.3 Microwave-assisted pyrolysis
    • 6.7.4 Plasma pyrolysis
    • 6.7.5 Plasma gasification
    • 6.7.6 Supercritical fluids
    • 6.7.7 Carbon fiber recycling
      • 6.7.7.1 Processes
      • 6.7.7.2 Companies
  • 6.8 Advanced recycling of thermoset materials
    • 6.8.1 Thermal recycling
      • 6.8.1.1 Energy Recovery Combustion
      • 6.8.1.2 Anaerobic Digestion
      • 6.8.1.3 Pyrolysis Processing
      • 6.8.1.4 Microwave Pyrolysis
    • 6.8.2 Solvolysis
    • 6.8.3 Catalyzed Glycolysis
    • 6.8.4 Alcoholysis and Hydrolysis
    • 6.8.5 Ionic liquids
    • 6.8.6 Supercritical fluids
    • 6.8.7 Plasma
    • 6.8.8 Companies
  • 6.9 Comparison with Traditional Recycling Methods
    • 6.9.1 Mechanical Recycling Limitations
    • 6.9.2 Energy Efficiency Comparison
    • 6.9.3 Quality of Output Comparison
    • 6.9.4 Cost Analysis
  • 6.10 Environmental Impact Assessment
    • 6.10.1 Carbon Footprint Analysis
    • 6.10.2 Energy Consumption Assessment
    • 6.10.3 Waste Reduction Potential
      • 6.10.3.1 Wastewater
      • 6.10.3.2 Atmospheric Emissions
      • 6.10.3.3 Catalyst and Media Waste
      • 6.10.3.4 Maintenance and Cleaning Waste
      • 6.10.3.5 Waste Management Approaches
      • 6.10.3.6 Regulatory Considerations and Classification
      • 6.10.3.7 Comparative Waste Production
      • 6.10.3.8 Environmental Impact and Future Directions
    • 6.10.4 Sustainability Metrics
  • 6.11 Emerging Technologies
    • 6.11.1 AI and Machine Learning Applications
      • 6.11.1.1 Sorting Optimization
      • 6.11.1.2 Process Control
      • 6.11.1.3 Quality Prediction
      • 6.11.1.4 Maintenance Prediction
    • 6.11.2 Robotics in Sorting
      • 6.11.2.1 Vision Systems
      • 6.11.2.2 Picking Mechanisms
      • 6.11.2.3 Control Systems
      • 6.11.2.4 Integration Methods
    • 6.11.3 Novel Catalyst Development
      • 6.11.3.1 Nano-catalysts
      • 6.11.3.2 Bio-catalysts
      • 6.11.3.3 Hybrid Catalysts

7 THE PYROLYSIS OIL MARKET

  • 7.1 Pyrolysis oil in the plastics and fuels value chain
    • 7.1.1 Definitions
    • 7.1.2 From waste plastic to synthetic naphtha
    • 7.1.3 PPO relative to fossil, bio- and e-naphtha
    • 7.1.4 Crude versus upgraded grades
  • 7.2 PPO product specification and quality
    • 7.2.1 Typical composition, boiling range and distillation profile
    • 7.2.2 Contaminants
    • 7.2.3 Buyer specification requirements
    • 7.2.4 Upgrading and purification routes
    • 7.2.5 Emerging quality standards
    • 7.2.6 Quality as a barrier to offtake
  • 7.3 PPO supply
    • 7.3.1 Global PPO production capacity
    • 7.3.2 Nameplate versus actual output
    • 7.3.3 Announced, under-construction and FID-approved capacity
    • 7.3.4 Supply by region
    • 7.3.5 Producer landscape and market shares
    • 7.3.6 Technology licensors and route to market
    • 7.3.7 Feedstock supply
    • 7.3.8 Project cancellations, delays and plant closures
    • 7.3.9 Supply-side risk assessment
    • 7.3.10 Supply-side outlook
  • 7.4 PPO demand and customers
    • 7.4.1 Who buys pyrolysis oil — buyer typology
    • 7.4.2 Petrochemical producers and steam cracker operators
    • 7.4.3 Refiners and co-processing in FCC and hydrocrackers
    • 7.4.4 Synthetic naphtha and drop-in fuel producers
    • 7.4.5 Brand owners and converters as indirect demand drivers
    • 7.4.6 Carbon black producers and tyre pyrolysis oil buyers
    • 7.4.7 Offtake agreements, supply contracts and joint ventures
    • 7.4.8 Buyer qualification processes and purchasing criteria
    • 7.4.9 Willingness to pay and the green premium
    • 7.4.10 Unmet demand and buyer pipeline
    • 7.4.11 Demand-side trends and outlook
    • 7.4.12 Regional demand shift
  • 7.5 Mass balance, certification and regulation applied to PPO
    • 7.5.1 Certification schemes
    • 7.5.2 Attribution models
    • 7.5.3 The 2025 EU mass balance Implementing Decision applied to PPO
    • 7.5.4 Impact on PPO economics and buyer access
  • 7.6 PPO pricing
    • 7.6.1 Pricing mechanisms and benchmarks
    • 7.6.2 Historical price ranges 2020-2025
    • 7.6.3 Relationship to fossil naphtha, Brent and virgin polymer prices
    • 7.6.4 Published price indices and commodity intelligence
    • 7.6.5 Bio-attributed versus polymer-derived premiums
  • 7.7 PPO market forecasts 2025-2040
    • 7.7.1 Global PPO production volumes 2025-2040
    • 7.7.2 PPO demand by end use 2025-2040
    • 7.7.3 PPO demand by region 2025-2040
    • 7.7.4 Synthetic naphtha output derived from PPO 2025-2040
    • 7.7.5 Market value forecast 2025-2040
  • 7.8 Competitive and substitution landscape
    • 7.8.1 PPO versus bio-naphtha and e-naphtha
    • 7.8.2 PPO versus mechanically recycled resin
    • 7.8.3 SWOT analysis: PPO as a steam cracker feedstock
    • 7.8.4 Barriers to buyer adoption
    • 7.8.5 Depolymerisation scale-up as competing capacity
  • 7.9 Market developments and investment climate 2024-2026
    • 7.9.1 The 2024-2025 demand slowdown
    • 7.9.2 The realisation gap
    • 7.9.3 Project delays, bankruptcies and closures
    • 7.9.4 Consolidation, M&A and vertical integration
    • 7.9.5 Investment sentiment and regulatory certainty
    • 7.9.6 What the 2025 EU decision changes for the pipeline
  • 7.10 Pyrolysis Oil Producer and Buyer Directory
    • 7.10.1 PPO producers: capacity, technology, output specification and offtake status
    • 7.10.2 PPO buyers: contracted volumes, end use and certification status
    • 7.10.3 Producer-buyer contract matrix
    • 7.10.4 Synthetic naphtha producers sourcing PPO

8 MATERIALS ANALYSIS

  • 8.1 Plastics
    • 8.1.1 Polyethylene (PE)
      • 8.1.1.1 HDPE Analysis
      • 8.1.1.2 LLDPE Analysis
      • 8.1.1.3 Recovery Methods
    • 8.1.2 Polypropylene (PP)
      • 8.1.2.1 Homopolymer
      • 8.1.2.2 Copolymer
      • 8.1.2.3 Processing Methods
      • 8.1.2.4 Quality Grades
    • 8.1.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
      • 8.1.3.1 Bottle Grade
      • 8.1.3.2 Fiber Grade
      • 8.1.3.3 Film Grade
      • 8.1.3.4 Recovery Technologies
    • 8.1.4 Polystyrene (PS)
      • 8.1.4.1 General Purpose PS
      • 8.1.4.2 High Impact PS
      • 8.1.4.3 Expanded PS
      • 8.1.4.4 Processing Methods
    • 8.1.5 Other Plastics
      • 8.1.5.1 PVC
      • 8.1.5.2 PC
      • 8.1.5.3 ABS
      • 8.1.5.4 Mixed Plastics
  • 8.2 Metals
    • 8.2.1 Precious Metals
      • 8.2.1.1 Gold
      • 8.2.1.2 Silver
      • 8.2.1.3 Platinum Group Metals
      • 8.2.1.4 Recovery Methods
  • 8.3 Base Metals
    • 8.3.1 Copper
    • 8.3.2 Aluminium
    • 8.3.3 Steel
    • 8.3.4 Processing Technologies
  • 8.4 Rare Earth Elements
    • 8.4.1 Light REEs
    • 8.4.2 Heavy REEs
    • 8.4.3 Extraction Methods
  • 8.5 Electronic Waste
    • 8.5.1 Circuit Boards
      • 8.5.1.1 PCB Types
      • 8.5.1.2 Component Separation
      • 8.5.1.3 Metal Recovery
      • 8.5.1.4 Waste Management
    • 8.5.2 Batteries
      • 8.5.2.1 Lithium-ion
      • 8.5.2.2 Lead-acid
      • 8.5.2.3 Nickel-based
      • 8.5.2.4 Recovery Processes
    • 8.5.3 Displays
      • 8.5.3.1 LCD
      • 8.5.3.2 LED
      • 8.5.3.3 OLED
      • 8.5.3.4 Material Recovery
    • 8.5.4 Other Components
      • 8.5.4.1 Capacitors
      • 8.5.4.2 Resistors
      • 8.5.4.3 Semiconductors
      • 8.5.4.4 Connectors
  • 8.6 Textiles
    • 8.6.1 Natural Fibers
    • 8.6.2 Cotton
    • 8.6.3 Wool
    • 8.6.4 Silk
    • 8.6.5 Processing Methods
  • 8.7 Synthetic Fibers
    • 8.7.1 Polyester
    • 8.7.2 Nylon
    • 8.7.3 Acrylic
    • 8.7.4 Recovery Technologies

9 END PRODUCT ANALYSIS

  • 9.1 Chemical Feedstocks
    • 9.1.1 Monomers
    • 9.1.2 Oligomers
    • 9.1.3 Specialty Chemicals
    • 9.1.4 Pyrolysis oil (PPO) as a chemical feedstock
      • 9.1.4.1 Synthetic naphtha
      • 9.1.4.2 Synthetic naphtha and drop-in fuel blendstocks
  • 9.2 Recycled monomers
  • 9.3 Syngas, methanol and hydrogen
  • 9.4 Recovered carbon black and waxes
  • 9.5 Mass-balance-attributed circular polymers
  • 9.6 Fuels
    • 9.6.1 Diesel
    • 9.6.2 Gasoline
    • 9.6.3 Synthetic Gas
  • 9.7 Raw Materials
    • 9.7.1 Recycled Plastics
    • 9.7.2 Recovered Metals
    • 9.7.3 Other Materials
  • 9.8 Energy Products
    • 9.8.1 Electricity
    • 9.8.2 Heat
    • 9.8.3 Biofuels

10 COMPANY PROFILES (200 company profiles)

11 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

12 REFERENCES

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Types of recycling.
  • Table 2. Selected chemical recycling closures, delays and cancellations, 2024–2026
  • Table 3. Key market developments, 2024 to mid-2026
  • Table 4. Advanced recycling capacity: listed versus operating
  • Table 5. Global plastics production 1950-2025, millions of tonnes.
  • Table 6. Issues related to the use of plastics.
  • Table 7. Type of biodegradation.
  • Table 8. Overview of the recycling technologies.
  • Table 9. Polymer types, use, and recovery.
  • Table 10. Composition of plastic waste streams.
  • Table 11. Comparison of mechanical and advanced chemical recycling.
  • Table 12. Life cycle assessment of virgin plastic production, mechanical recycling and chemical recycling.
  • Table 13. Life cycle assessment of chemical recycling technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization and dissolution).
  • Table 14. Market drivers and trends in the advanced chemical recycling market.
  • Table 15. Global regulations driving plastics recycling.
  • Table 16. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives.
  • Table 17. Technological Advancements.
  • Table 18. Technical Challenges.
  • Table 19. Technological Barriers.
  • Table 20. Cost Competitiveness Analysis.
  • Table 21. Advanced chemical recycling capacities, by technology.
  • Table 22. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PE (million tonnes).
  • Table 23. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PP (million tonnes)
  • Table 24. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PET (million tonnes)
  • Table 25. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PS (million tonnes)
  • Table 26. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for Nylon (million tonnes)
  • Table 27. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PMMA (million tonnes)
  • Table 28. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for Other types (million tonnes)
  • Table 29. Global polymer demand in Europe, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Table 30. Global polymer demand in North America, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Table 31. Global polymer demand in South America, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Table 32. Global polymer demand in Asia, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Table 33. Global polymer demand in Oceania, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Table 34. Global polymer demand in Africa, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Table 35. Example chemically recycled plastic products.
  • Table 36. Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of Advanced chemical recycling Processes.
  • Table 37. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polyethylene (PE).
  • Table 38. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polypropylene (PP).
  • Table 39. Life cycle assessment of mechanically versus chemically recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • Table 40. Plastic yield of each chemical recycling technologies.
  • Table 41. Chemically recycled plastics prices in USD.
  • Table 42. Plastic waste feedstock availability by region 2025-2040 (million tonnes)
  • Table 43. Feedstock streams, pricing basis and direction of travel
  • Table 44. Feedstock components and their effect on pyrolysis oil yield and quality
  • Table 45. Advanced chemical recycling capacity and market size by technology
  • Table 46. Market size by output product
  • Table 47. Market size by end-use sector
  • Table 48. US state classification of advanced recycling, 2025-2026
  • Table 49. Mass balance attribution methods compared
  • Table 50. Selected transactions and restructurings 2024-2026
  • Table 51. Project delays, bankruptcies and cancellations 2024-2026
  • Table 52. Applications of chemically recycled materials.
  • Table 53. Summary of non-catalytic pyrolysis technologies.
  • Table 54. Summary of catalytic pyrolysis technologies.
  • Table 55. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions.
  • Table 56. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield.
  • Table 57. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.
  • Table 58. Pyrolysis companies and plant capacities, current and planned.
  • Table 59. Indicative pyrolysis oil yields by feedstock and reactor type
  • Table 60. Summary of gasification technologies.
  • Table 61. Total syngas market by product, 2021-2040 (MM Nm³/h of syngas)
  • Table 62. Advanced recycling (Gasification) companies.
  • Table 63. Summary of dissolution technologies.
  • Table 64. Advanced recycling (Dissolution) companies
  • Table 65. Depolymerisation processes for PET, PU, PC and PA, products and yields.
  • Table 66. Summary of hydrolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
  • Table 67. Summary of Enzymolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
  • Table 68. Summary of methanolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
  • Table 69. Summary of glycolysis technologies-feedstocks, process, outputs, commercial maturity and technology developers.
  • Table 70. Summary of aminolysis technologies.
  • Table 71. Advanced recycling (Depolymerisation) companies and capacities (current and planned).
  • Table 72. Overview of hydrothermal cracking for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Table 73. Overview of Pyrolysis with in-line reforming for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Table 74. Overview of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Table 75. Overview of plasma pyrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Table 76. Overview of plasma gasification for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Table 77. Summary of carbon fiber (CF) recycling technologies. Advantages and disadvantages.
  • Table 78. Retention rate of tensile properties of recovered carbon fibres by different recycling processes.
  • Table 79. Recycled carbon fiber producers, technology and capacity.
  • Table 80. Current thermoset recycling routes.
  • Table 81. Companies developing advanced thermoset recycing routes.
  • Table 82. Comparison of Advanced Chemical Recycling with Traditional Recycling Methods.
  • Table 83. Energy Efficiency Comparison: Advanced Chemical Recycling vs. Mechanical Recycling
  • Table 84. Quality of Output Comparison.
  • Table 85. Cost Analysis of advanced plastic recycling versus traditional recycling methods.
  • Table 86. Carbon Footprint Analysis.
  • Table 87. Energy Consumption Assessment.
  • Table 88. Sustainability Metrics.
  • Table 89. AI and Machine Learning Applications.
  • Table 90. Types of Nano-catalysts.
  • Table 91. Types of bio-catalysts.
  • Table 92. PPO, bio-naphtha and e-naphtha compared
  • Table 93. PPO buyer typology
  • Table 94. Selected PPO offtake agreements 2024-2026
  • Table 95. PPO price points by market, Q4 2025 to Q2 2026 (USD/tonne)
  • Table 96. PPO demand by end use 2025-2040 (thousand tonnes)
  • Table 97. PPO demand by region 2025-2040 (thousand tonnes)
  • Table 98. Global PPO market value 2025-2040 (USD million)
  • Table 99. SWOT analysis: PPO as a steam cracker feedstock
  • Table 100. PPO producers by nameplate pyrolysis capacity
  • Table 101. Selected PPO buyers and offtake arrangements
  • Table 102. Producer-buyer contract matrix.
  • Table 103. Integrated pyrolysis-to-naphtha-to-cracker producers
  • Table 104. Advanced polyethylene recovery methods.
  • Table 105. Polypropylene processing methods for chemical recycling.
  • Table 106. PP Quality Grades from Chemical Recycling.
  • Table 107. Advanced PET recovery technologies .
  • Table 108. Advanced chemical recycling of metals.
  • Table 109. Precious metals recovery methods.
  • Table 110. Advanced processing technologies for base metal recycling .
  • Table 111. Rare Earth Elements Extraction Methods.
  • Table 112. Recovery Processes for Batteries.
  • Table 113. Advanced technologies for materials recovery in displays.
  • Table 114. Processing Methods for Natural Fiber Recycling.
  • Table 115. Recovery Technologies for Synthetic Fibers
  • Table 116. Monomers from chemical recycling.
  • Table 117. Oligomers from advanced recycling.

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Coca-Cola PlantBottle®.
  • Figure 2. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics.
  • Figure 3. Global production, use, and fate of polymer resins, synthetic fibers, and additives.
  • Figure 4. The circular plastic economy.
  • Figure 5. Current management systems for waste plastics.
  • Figure 6. Overview of the different circular pathways for plastics.
  • Figure 7. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PE (million tonnes).
  • Figure 8. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PP (million tonnes)
  • Figure 9. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PET (million tonnes)
  • Figure 10. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PS (million tonnes)
  • Figure 11. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for Nylon (million tonnes)
  • Figure 12. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for PMMA (million tonnes)
  • Figure 13. Global polymer demand 2022-2047, segmented by recycling technology for Other types (million tonnes)
  • Figure 14. Global polymer demand in Europe, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Figure 15. Global polymer demand in North America, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Figure 16. Global polymer demand in South America, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Figure 17. Global polymer demand in Asia, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Figure 18. Global polymer demand in Oceania, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Figure 19. Global polymer demand in Africa, by recycling technology 2022-2047 (million tonnes).
  • Figure 20. Market map for advanced plastics recycling.
  • Figure 21. Value chain for advanced chemical recycling market.
  • Figure 22. Plastic waste feedstock availability by region 2025-2040 (million tonnes)
  • Figure 23. Advanced chemical recycling capacity by technology. Source: Future Markets, plant-level database.
  • Figure 24. Advanced chemical recycling capacity by primary output product.
  • Figure 25. Advanced chemical recycling demand by end-use sector.
  • Figure 26. Advanced chemical recycling capacity by region. Source: Future Markets, plant-level database.
  • Figure 27. EU regulatory timeline for chemically recycled content, 2024-2030.
  • Figure 28. US state classification of advanced recycling, 2025.
  • Figure 29. Mass balance attribution methods compared: claimable recycled content per 100 tonnes of eligible waste input.
  • Figure 30. Schematic layout of a pyrolysis plant.
  • Figure 31. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline
  • Figure 32. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires.
  • Figure 33. Used tires conversion process.
  • Figure 34. SWOT analysis-pyrolysis for advanced recycling.
  • Figure 35. Total syngas market by product, 2021-2040 (MM Nm³/h of syngas)
  • Figure 36. Overview of biogas utilization.
  • Figure 37. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
  • Figure 38. SWOT analysis-gasification for advanced recycling.
  • Figure 39. SWOT analysis-dissoluton for advanced recycling.
  • Figure 40. Products obtained through the different solvolysis pathways of PET, PU, and PA.
  • Figure 41. SWOT analysis-Hydrolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Figure 42. SWOT analysis-Enzymolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Figure 43. SWOT analysis-Methanolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Figure 44. SWOT analysis-Glycolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Figure 45. SWOT analysis-Aminolysis for advanced chemical recycling.
  • Figure 46. Pyrolysis capacity by stated operation-start year: operating base against announced additions.
  • Figure 47. PPO supply by region.
  • Figure 48. Leading PPO producers by nameplate pyrolysis capacity.
  • Figure 49. PPO price positioning against fossil naphtha and certified bio-naphtha, 2026.
  • Figure 50. PPO market trajectory to 2040: demand baseline against nameplate and realisation-adjusted supply (indexed, 2025 = 100).
  • Figure 51. PPO demand by end use 2025-2040.
  • Figure 52. PPO demand by region 2025-2040.
  • Figure 53. Global PPO market value 2025-2040.
  • Figure 54. Alterra’s Akron Plant in Ohio.
  • Figure 55. ChemCyclingTM prototypes.
  • Figure 56. ChemCycling circle by BASF.
  • Figure 57. Recycled carbon fibers obtained through the R3FIBER process.
  • Figure 58. Cassandra Oil process.
  • Figure 59. CuRe Technology process.
  • Figure 60. MoReTec.
  • Figure 61. Chemical decomposition process of polyurethane foam.
  • Figure 62. OMV ReOil process.
  • Figure 63. Schematic Process of Plastic Energy’s TAC Chemical Recycling.
  • Figure 64. Easy-tear film material from recycled material.
  • Figure 65. Polyester fabric made from recycled monomers.
  • Figure 66. A sheet of acrylic resin made from conventional, fossil resource-derived MMA monomer (left) and a sheet of acrylic resin made from chemically recycled MMA monomer (right).
  • Figure 67. Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd. Depolymerisation process.
  • Figure 68. The Velocys process.
  • Figure 69. The Proesa® Process.
  • Figure 70. Worn Again products.