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市場調查報告書
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2059295

全球熱能儲存（TES）市場（2026-2036 年）

The Global Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Market 2026-2036
出版日期: | 出版商: Future Markets, Inc. | 英文 221 Pages, 96 Tables, 44 Figures | 訂單完成後即時交付

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熱能儲存（TES）正迅速成為能源轉型中最重要的技術之一，它從聚光型太陽熱能發電的輔助技術迅速發展成為一個更廣泛的產業。專家們越來越認為，它將成為清潔能源領域下一個兆美元儲能產業的重要組成部分。其核心提案簡單而可靠：儲存熱能和冷能的成本遠低於儲存電能，而全球約一半的最終能源需求來自熱能。 TES系統將剩餘或低成本的再生能源轉化為熱能。這些熱能通常儲存在碳、磚、陶瓷或岩石等固體介質中，或熔鹽或相變材料中，並在高溫下保持數小時至數天，然後根據需要以工業蒸氣或熱空氣的形式釋放，或通過電力轉換系統轉化為電能。透過這種方式，TES將廉價但不穩定的可再生能源供應與實際需要熱能或電能的時間區分開來。

全球儲能市場成長主要受四大互補支柱驅動：電力和供熱產業的脫碳（這兩個產業的碳排放量難以降低）；隨著可再生能源的擴張，確保電網柔軟性；透過取代石化燃料來提高能源安全；以及2025年至2026年間專案規模的大幅成長。工業製程熱是成長最快的應用領域，預計在2030年代初期超越發電，成為最大的單一終端用戶。目前，歐洲在銷售額方面領先市場，而亞太地區則成長最快，這得益於其強大的製造業和相關政策。

目前一個決定性的進展是首批大規模商業化工業「熱電池」的出現。這些項目規模達到吉瓦時級（在所有儲能類型中規模最大），目前正在工業設施中進行資金籌措和建設，通常根據長期購熱合約為所在設施供熱。在某些情況下，這些項目甚至在開工後一年左右即可運作。這表明該行業已從試點和示範階段過渡到資金籌措的公共產業規模和工業規模資產，反映出策略投資者和企劃案融資提供者對該技術的商業性成熟度日益成長的信心。

同時，創新正在推動技術邊界的拓展。開發商在儲熱介質（碳、磚、陶瓷、鹽、金屬）和動作溫度方面競爭，一些系統甚至將目標溫度設定在1500°C以上，以提高功率密度、縮小系統面積並降低系統平衡（BOS）成本。經營模式也在同步發展。 「熱力即服務」合約消除了以往阻礙工業客戶前期巨額投資的障礙，因為開發商擁有並經營這些資產，並出售所提供的熱量。

需求正超越傳統的發電和製程熱利用。除了區域供熱、建築和低溫運輸之外，需要快速建造和靈活容量的資料中心也正在成為重要的新興需求來源。在創業投資、企業策略投資和政府專案的支持下，熱能儲存技術可望從全球首批電站發展到可重複部署的吉瓦時級規模，這對於實現熱能脫碳和提升未來電力系統的柔軟性至關重要。

本報告內容如下：

  • 執行摘要- 市場規模和成長潛力、促進因素和障礙、新興趨勢和機會、關鍵技術結論、TES 價值鏈以及按技術、應用和地區分類的市場細分。
  • 引言 - TES 技術概述、歷史發展、與其他儲能技術的比較、運行原理、分類（顯熱、潛熱、熱化學、機械/熱）、溫度範圍以及集中式和分散式系統的比較。
  • 市場促進因素和機會—電力和工業脫碳、可再生能源整合（太陽能/聚光太陽能發電、風能/電轉熱、地熱/廢熱）、能源效率和成本降低、電網穩定性和韌性、政策支援和排放交易，以及地方舉措和資金籌措計劃。
  • 應用領域 -聚光型太陽熱能發電；工業過程熱（按溫度區和行業分類）；區域供熱和製冷；住宅和商業建築；長期儲能（電熱、PTES、CAES/LAES）；化學循環和氫氣生產；低溫運輸和製冷 - 對每項應用進行了 SWOT 分析。
  • 技術與材料－技術基準測試和實用化階段；顯熱（熔鹽、混凝土和固體介質、岩石/沙子/磚）；潛熱/相變材料（有機、生物衍生、無機鹽水合物和金屬、共晶、封裝和熱交換器設計）；熱化學儲能（吸附和反應系統、材料和原型）；以及電熱儲能（電阻式）、電熱儲能（電阻式）。
  • 市場分析 - 按技術、應用和地區分類的市場規模；年度採用率預測（GWh）；價格和成本分析；價值鏈分析；以及專案範例。
  • 項目及實施記錄 -運作中/建設中的項目；按地區累積產能；以及區域細分（北美、歐洲、亞太地區和世界其他地區）
  • 公司簡介 - TES 價值鏈中主要公司的詳細簡介：1414 Degrees、Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc.、AED Energy、Allye Energy、Alternō、Alumina Energy、Antora Energy、Axiotherm GmbH、Azelio、Babcock & Wilcox、Bedrock Energy、BioLargo Technologies、cCA-Azelio、Brederiller、Brantes、Carel、Tirk、Largo Technologies、Sc​​lanator、Mirk搭板、Curden Energy） Europe Ltd.、Echogen Power Systems、Electrified Thermal Solutions、Energy Dome、Energy Vault、EnergyNest、Enesoon New Energy Co. Ltd、EnerVenue、Eos Energy Enterprises、Exergy3、Exergy Storage BV、Exowatt、Formam、Fourth Power、Glaciem Technologies、Heaman、Heatman、Heaman Power、Hydrostor、Hyme Energy、Invinity Energy Systems、i-TES srl、Kraftblock、Kyoto Group 等。

目錄

第1章：執行摘要

第2章：引言

  • 熱能儲存技術概述
  • 熱能能源儲存系統的運行原理
  • 熱能儲存的分類與應用

第3章 市場促進因素與機遇

  • 電力和工業部門的脫碳
  • 電網柔軟性和長期儲能
  • 能源安全及石化燃料替代方案
  • 再生能源來源的整合
  • 提高能源效率和降低成本
  • 電網穩定性和韌性
  • 政策支持與排放交易機制
  • 區域性舉措和資助計劃
  • 新機遇

第4章：熱能儲存的應用

  • 聚光型太陽熱能發電（CSP）
  • 工業製程熱
  • 區域供暖和製冷
  • 住宅及商業建築
  • 長期儲能
  • 化學循環和氫氣生產
  • 低溫運輸和冷藏

第5章 技術與材料

  • 概述
  • 顯熱儲存
  • 潛熱儲存（相變材料）
  • 熱化學儲能
  • 電能和熱能存儲
  • 儲能技術比較：優缺點
  • 技術成熟度和商業性成熟度

第6章 市場分析

  • 市場規模
  • 價格和成本分析
  • 價值鏈
  • 專案案例研究和實施範例

第7章 熱能儲存工程及設備

  • 區域儲能累積容量
  • 全球儲能專案和設施概覽
  • TES計畫的區域分佈狀況
    • 北美洲
    • 歐洲
    • 亞太地區
    • 其他地區
  • TES項目（按應用和行業分類）
    • 發電和公共產業
    • 工業製造和製程熱
    • 區域供暖和製冷
    • 建築與施工
    • 交通運輸和移動

第8章：公司簡介，第136頁（共69家公司簡介）

第9章附錄

第10章 參考文獻

Thermal energy storage (TES) has emerged as one of the most consequential technologies in the energy transition, moving rapidly from a niche adjunct of concentrated solar power into a broad-based industry that observers increasingly describe as part of clean energy's next trillion-dollar storage business. The core proposition is simple and durable: heat and cold are far cheaper to store than electricity, and roughly half of global final energy demand is for heat. TES systems capture surplus or low-cost renewable electricity as heat - typically in solid media such as carbon, brick, ceramic and rock, or in molten salts and phase change materials - hold it at high temperature for hours or even days, and release it on demand as industrial steam, hot air or, through a power-conversion system, electricity. In doing so, TES decouples cheap but intermittent renewable supply from the time at which heat or power is actually required.

Growth in the global TES market rests on four reinforcing pillars: decarbonizing power and the hard-to-abate heat sector, providing grid flexibility as variable renewables scale, improving energy security by displacing fossil fuels, and a step-change in deployed project scale during 2025–2026. Industrial process heat is the fastest-growing application, overtaking power generation as the single largest end-use during the early 2030s, while Europe leads the market by revenue and Asia-Pacific grows fastest, supported by strong manufacturing and policy.

The defining development of the current period is the arrival of the first large, commercial-scale industrial "thermal batteries." Projects reaching gigawatt-hour scale - among the largest storage installations of any kind - are now being financed and built at industrial sites, frequently delivering heat to a host facility under long-term offtake agreements and, in some cases, commissioning in around a year from groundbreaking. This marks the industry's transition from pilots and demonstrations to bankable, utility- and industrial-scale assets, and it reflects growing confidence among strategic investors and project financiers in the technology's commercial maturity.

Innovation is simultaneously pushing the technology frontier. Developers are competing on storage medium - carbon, brick, ceramic, salt and metal - and on operating temperature, with some systems now targeting temperatures well above 1,500 °C to raise power density, shrink the system footprint and cut balance-of-system costs. Commercial models are evolving in parallel: Heat-as-a-Service contracts, under which a developer owns and operates the asset and sells delivered heat, remove the large up-front capital barrier that has historically deterred industrial customers.

Demand is increasingly broadening beyond traditional power and process-heat uses. Data centres seeking fast-to-build flexible capacity are emerging as a notable new driver, alongside district energy, buildings and cold chain. With venture capital, strategic corporate investment and government programmes retiring technology and financing risk, thermal energy storage is positioned to scale from first-of-a-kind plants toward repeatable, gigawatt-hour-scale deployments central to the decarbonization of heat and the flexibility of future power systems.

Report contents include:

  • Executive summary - market size and growth potential, drivers and barriers, emerging trends and opportunities, key technology conclusions, the TES value chain, and market segmentation by technology, application and region
  • Introduction - overview of TES technologies, historical development, comparison with other energy storage, working principles, and classification (sensible, latent, thermochemical, mechanical-thermal), temperature ranges and centralized vs distributed systems
  • Market drivers and opportunities - decarbonization of power and industry, renewable integration (solar/CSP, wind/power-to-heat, geothermal/waste heat), energy efficiency and cost savings, grid stability and resilience, policy support and emissions trading, and regional initiatives and funding programs
  • Applications - concentrated solar power; industrial process heat (by temperature band and by industry); district heating and cooling; residential and commercial buildings; long-duration energy storage (electro-thermal, PTES, CAES/LAES); chemical looping and hydrogen production; and cold chain and refrigeration - each with a SWOT analysis
  • Technologies and materials - technology benchmarking and readiness levels; sensible heat (molten salts, concrete and solid media, rock/sand/brick); latent heat / phase change materials (organic, bio-based, inorganic salt hydrates and metallics, eutectics, encapsulation and heat-exchanger design); thermochemical storage (sorption and reaction systems, materials and prototypes); and electro-thermal storage (resistive, induction, heat pumps)
  • Market analysis - market size by technology, application and region; annual installations forecasts (GWh); price and cost analysis; value-chain analysis; and project case studies
  • Projects and installations - operational and planned/under-construction projects by sector and by company; cumulative capacity by region; and a regional breakdown (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Rest of World)
  • Company profiles - detailed profiles of leading players across the TES value chain including 1414 Degrees, Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., AED Energy, Allye Energy, Alternō, Alumina Energy, Antora Energy, Axiotherm GmbH, Azelio, Babcock & Wilcox, Bedrock Energy, BioLargo Energy Technologies, BOCA-PCM, Brenmiller Energy, Caldera, Cartesian, Climator Sweden AB, Croda Europe Ltd., Echogen Power Systems, Electrified Thermal Solutions, Energy Dome, Energy Vault, EnergyNest, Enesoon New Energy Co. Ltd, EnerVenue, Eos Energy Enterprises, Exergy3, Exergy Storage BV, Exowatt, Form Energy, Fourth Power, Glaciem Cooling Technologies, Harvest Thermal, Heatrix GmbH, HeatVentors, Heliogen, Highview Power, Hydrostor, Hyme Energy, Invinity Energy Systems, i-TES srl, Kraftblock, Kyoto Group and more....

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1.1 Current market size and growth potential
  • 1.2 Major market drivers and barriers
  • 1.3 Emerging trends and opportunities
  • 1.4 Key technology conclusions
    • 1.4.1 TES technologies and their applications
    • 1.4.2 Technology readiness and commercialization status
    • 1.4.3 Future technology development and innovation roadmap
  • 1.5 Thermal energy storage value chain and key players
  • 1.6 Thermal energy storage market size and growth projections
    • 1.6.1 Global market size and forecast
    • 1.6.2 Market segmentation by technology, application, and region
    • 1.6.3 Regional initiatives

2 INTRODUCTION

  • 2.1 Overview of thermal energy storage technologies
    • 2.1.1 Historical development and milestones
    • 2.1.2 Comparison with other energy storage technologies
    • 2.1.3 Benefits and challenges of TES deployment
  • 2.2 Working principles of thermal energy storage systems
    • 2.2.1 Charging and discharging processes
    • 2.2.2 Heat transfer and storage mechanisms
    • 2.2.3 System components and configurations
  • 2.3 Thermal energy storage classification and applications
    • 2.3.1 Sensible
    • 2.3.2 Latent
    • 2.3.3 Thermochemical storage
    • 2.3.4 Mechanical-thermal
    • 2.3.5 Low, medium, and high-temperature applications
    • 2.3.6 Centralized and distributed storage systems

3 MARKET DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES

  • 3.1 Decarbonization of power and industrial sectors
    • 3.1.1 Renewable energy integration and intermittency management
    • 3.1.2 Emissions reduction targets and carbon pricing
    • 3.1.3 Energy efficiency and process optimization
  • 3.2 Grid flexibility and long-duration energy storage
  • 3.3 Energy security and fossil-fuel displacement
  • 3.4 Integration of renewable energy sources
    • 3.4.1 Solar thermal and concentrated solar power
    • 3.4.2 Wind energy and power-to-heat solutions
    • 3.4.3 Geothermal energy and waste heat recovery
  • 3.5 Energy efficiency and cost savings
    • 3.5.1 Peak shaving and load shifting
    • 3.5.2 Demand response and energy arbitrage
    • 3.5.3 Reduced fuel consumption and operating costs
  • 3.6 Grid stability and resilience
    • 3.6.1 Frequency regulation and ancillary services
    • 3.6.2 Transmission and distribution infrastructure deferral
    • 3.6.3 Microgrid and off-grid applications
  • 3.7 Policy support and emissions trading schemes
    • 3.7.1 Renewable energy mandates and incentives
    • 3.7.2 Carbon markets and emissions trading schemes
    • 3.7.3 Building codes and energy efficiency standards
  • 3.8 Regional initiatives and funding programs
  • 3.9 Emerging opportunities

4 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS

  • 4.1 Concentrated solar power (CSP)
    • 4.1.1 TES installations with concentrated solar power
      • 4.1.1.1 TES deployments with CSP projects, 2008–2023
      • 4.1.1.2 Capacity of TES (MWh) with installed CSP plants by region
      • 4.1.1.3 Capacity of TES (MWh) with planned CSP plants by country and project
    • 4.1.2 Parabolic trough and power tower systems
    • 4.1.3 Molten salt and other storage media
    • 4.1.4 Hybridization with fossil fuel and biomass
    • 4.1.5 SWOT analysis
  • 4.2 Industrial process heat
    • 4.2.1 Thermal energy storage value chain
    • 4.2.2 Key suppliers and manufacturers for TES media and materials
    • 4.2.3 Heat as a Product and Heat as a Service
    • 4.2.4 Thermal energy storage players
    • 4.2.5 Global distribution of TES system installations (excluding CSP)
    • 4.2.6 Existing and planned TES projects by industry / sector end-user
    • 4.2.7 TES projects by commercial readiness timeline
    • 4.2.8 TES technologies by commercial readiness level (CRL)
    • 4.2.9 Cumulative capacity of TES systems by region
    • 4.2.10 Cumulative capacity of TES systems by player
    • 4.2.11 Overview of industrial heat demand by temperature and operation
      • 4.2.11.1 Low-temperature processes (<100°C)
      • 4.2.11.2 Medium-temperature processes (100-400°C)
      • 4.2.11.3 High-temperature processes (>400°C)
    • 4.2.12 TES applications for specific industrial processes
      • 4.2.12.1 Food and beverage processing
      • 4.2.12.2 Pulp and paper manufacturing
      • 4.2.12.3 Chemical and petrochemical industries
      • 4.2.12.4 Metallurgy and mining
      • 4.2.12.5 Cement and ceramic production
    • 4.2.13 SWOT analysis
  • 4.3 District heating and cooling
    • 4.3.1 Combined heat and power (CHP) systems
    • 4.3.2 Waste heat recovery and utilization
    • 4.3.3 Seasonal storage and load balancing
    • 4.3.4 SWOT analysis
  • 4.4 Residential and commercial buildings
    • 4.4.1 Space heating and cooling
    • 4.4.2 Water heating and thermal comfort
    • 4.4.3 Integration with solar thermal and heat pump systems
    • 4.4.4 SWOT analysis
  • 4.5 Long-duration energy storage
    • 4.5.1 Electro-thermal energy storage systems
    • 4.5.2 TES as a technology to support adiabatic CAES and LAES systems
      • 4.5.2.1 Adiabatic LAES system with thermal energy storage
    • 4.5.3 Long-duration energy storage installation forecasts
      • 4.5.3.1 Annual installations forecast by region (GWh)
      • 4.5.3.2 Annual installations forecast by technology and segment (GWh)
      • 4.5.3.3 Installations forecast by application and value
    • 4.5.4 SWOT analysis
  • 4.6 Chemical looping and hydrogen production
    • 4.6.1 Chemical looping combustion (CLC) and reforming (CLR)
    • 4.6.2 Hydrogen production and storage
    • 4.6.3 Integration with carbon capture and utilization (CCU)
    • 4.6.4 Chemical looping combustion (CLC)
    • 4.6.5 Chemical looping hydrogen (CLH) generation
    • 4.6.6 Sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR)
  • 4.7 Cold chain and refrigeration
    • 4.7.1 Food and pharmaceutical storage and transport
    • 4.7.2 Industrial refrigeration and process cooling
    • 4.7.3 Air conditioning and space cooling
    • 4.7.4 SWOT analysis

5 TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS

  • 5.1 Overview
    • 5.1.1 TES commercial readiness and technology benchmarking for industrial applications
    • 5.1.2 Thermal energy storage working principles
    • 5.1.3 TES system considerations
    • 5.1.4 TES system designs to provide heat at constant working parameters
    • 5.1.5 Thermal energy storage applications
    • 5.1.6 Types of thermal storage systems — latent and sensible heat
    • 5.1.7 Molten salt versus concrete as a thermal storage medium
  • 5.2 Sensible heat storage
    • 5.2.1 Molten salts
      • 5.2.1.1 Nitrate salts and eutectics
      • 5.2.1.2 Chloride and carbonate salts
      • 5.2.1.3 Salt selection criteria and properties
    • 5.2.2 Concrete and solid materials
      • 5.2.2.1 High-temperature concrete and ceramics
      • 5.2.2.2 Natural and recycled materials (rock, sand, bricks)
      • 5.2.2.3 Compatibility with heat transfer fluids
  • 5.3 Latent heat storage (Phase Change Materials)
    • 5.3.1 Organic PCMs (paraffins, fatty acids)
      • 5.3.1.1 Paraffin wax
      • 5.3.1.2 Non-Paraffins (fatty acids, esters, alcohols)
      • 5.3.1.3 Bio-based phase change materials
    • 5.3.2 Inorganic PCMs (salt hydrates, metallics)
      • 5.3.2.1 Salt hydrates
      • 5.3.2.2 Metal and metal alloy PCMs (High-temperature)
    • 5.3.3 Encapsulation and heat exchanger design
      • 5.3.3.1 Benefits
      • 5.3.3.2 Encapsulation selection considerations
      • 5.3.3.3 Macroencapsulation
      • 5.3.3.4 Micro/nanoencapsulation
      • 5.3.3.5 Shape Stabilized PCMs
      • 5.3.3.6 Commercial Encapsulation Technologies
    • 5.3.4 Eutectic PCMs
      • 5.3.4.1 Eutectic Mixtures
      • 5.3.4.2 Examples of Eutectic Inorganic PCMs
      • 5.3.4.3 Benefits
      • 5.3.4.4 Applications
      • 5.3.4.5 Advantages and disadvantages of eutectics
      • 5.3.4.6 Recent developments
  • 5.4 Thermochemical energy storage
    • 5.4.1 Thermochemical energy storage classification
    • 5.4.2 Thermochemical adsorption and absorption (sorption storage)
      • 5.4.2.1 Closed salt–water hydration (sorption) process
      • 5.4.2.2 Open salt–water hydration (sorption) process
    • 5.4.3 Thermochemical reaction energy storage (without sorption)
    • 5.4.4 Materials for thermochemical storage
      • 5.4.4.1 Materials overview
      • 5.4.4.2 Salt hydration
      • 5.4.4.3 Metal halides and sulfates with ammonia
      • 5.4.4.4 Metal oxide hydration
      • 5.4.4.5 Metal oxide carbonation and redox reactions
      • 5.4.4.6 Materials outlook and map
    • 5.4.5 Prototypes of thermochemical energy storage systems
    • 5.4.6 Complexities of reactor and system design
    • 5.4.7 Thermochemical energy storage advantages and disadvantages
  • 5.5 Electro-thermal energy storage
    • 5.5.1 Joule heating and resistive heating
    • 5.5.2 Induction heating and electromagnetic systems
    • 5.5.3 Heat pumps and refrigeration cycles
  • 5.6 Comparison of TES technologies: advantages and disadvantages
    • 5.6.1 Energy density and storage capacity
    • 5.6.2 Efficiency and round-trip
    • 5.6.3 Cost and economic viability
    • 5.6.4 Operational flexibility and response time
    • 5.6.5 Environmental impact and safety considerations
  • 5.7 Technology readiness levels and commercial maturity
    • 5.7.1 Research and development (TRL 1-3)
    • 5.7.2 Prototype and pilot-scale demonstration (TRL 4-6)
    • 5.7.3 Commercial-scale deployment (TRL 7-9)

6 MARKET ANALYSIS

  • 6.1 Market Size
    • 6.1.1 By technology type
    • 6.1.2 By application and end-use sector
    • 6.1.3 By region
    • 6.1.4 Annual installations by region (GWh)
    • 6.1.5 Annual installations by technology (GWh)
    • 6.1.6 Annual installations by market segment (GWh)
  • 6.2 Price and Cost Analysis
  • 6.3 Value Chain
    • 6.3.1 Raw material suppliers and logistics
    • 6.3.2 Component manufacturers and system integrators
    • 6.3.3 Project developers and engineering firms
    • 6.3.4 End-users and asset owners
    • 6.3.5 Operation and maintenance service providers
  • 6.4 Project case studies and deployment examples
    • 6.4.1 Utility-scale TES projects
    • 6.4.2 Industrial TES applications
    • 6.4.3 District heating and cooling networks
    • 6.4.4 Residential and commercial building projects

7 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE PROJECTS AND INSTALLATIONS

  • 7.1 Cumulative capacity of TES systems by region
  • 7.2 Global overview of TES projects and installations
    • 7.2.1 Number and capacity of operational projects
    • 7.2.2 Planned and under-construction projects
  • 7.3 Regional breakdown of TES projects
    • 7.3.1 North America
    • 7.3.2 Europe
    • 7.3.3 Asia-Pacific
    • 7.3.4 Rest of the World
  • 7.4 TES projects by application and industry
    • 7.4.1 Power generation and utilities
    • 7.4.2 Industrial manufacturing and process heat
    • 7.4.3 District heating and cooling
    • 7.4.4 Buildings and construction
    • 7.4.5 Transportation and mobility

8 COMPANY PROFILES 136 (69 company profiles)

9 APPENDIX

  • 9.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
    • 9.1.1 A note on market definitions
  • 9.2 REPORT SCOPE
    • 9.2.1 Technologies and materials in scope
    • 9.2.2 Applications and end-use sectors in scope
    • 9.2.3 Geographic and time scope

10 REFERENCES

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Market drivers and barriers in thermal energy storage.
  • Table 2. Emerging trends and opportunities in thermal energy storage.
  • Table 3. TES technologies and applications.
  • Table 4. Thermal energy storage revenues, by technology (Billions USD) 2020-2035.
  • Table 5. TES revenues by application and end-use (USD billions).
  • Table 6. TES revenues by region (USD billions).
  • Table 7. Regional initiatives in Thermal energy storage.
  • Table 8. Historical development and milestones of TES technologies.
  • Table 9. Comparison of TES with other energy storage technologies.
  • Table 10. Benefits and challenges of TES deployment.
  • Table 11. TES applications by temperature band.
  • Table 12. TES summary for decarbonizing industrial heating processes
  • Table 13. Regional initiatives and funding programs in thermal energy storage.
  • Table 14.Emerging opportunities in thermal energy storage.
  • Table 15. Concentrated solar power and thermal energy storage plants.
  • Table 16. Approximate installed CSP thermal-storage energy capacity by region
  • Table 17. Representative planned CSP-with-storage projects.
  • Table 18. TES applications for decarbonizing industrial process heating.
  • Table 19. TES for industrial and non-CSP applications.
  • Table 20. Industrial TES value chain - stages, activities and value distribution.
  • Table 21. Strategic partnership types in industrial TES.
  • Table 22. TES storage media and materials - suppliers and characteristics.
  • Table 23. TES commercial models - equipment sale versus Heat-as-a-Service.
  • Table 24. Principal industrial TES players overview.
  • Table 25. Existing and planned non-CSP TES projects by industry / sector.
  • Table 26. TES project commercial-readiness timeline.
  • Table 27. Indicative cumulative deployed and committed TES capacity by player.
  • Table 28. Industrial heat demand by operation and temperature, with TES addressability.
  • Table 29. Low-temperature (<100 °C) industrial processes and TES solutions.
  • Table 30. Medium-temperature (100–400 °C) industrial processes and TES solutions.
  • Table 31. High-temperature (>400 °C) industrial processes and TES solutions.
  • Table 32. Thermal storage roles in district heating and cooling.
  • Table 33. Seasonal thermal storage technologies for district energy.
  • Table 34. Thermal storage options in residential and commercial buildings.
  • Table 35. TES integration with solar thermal and heat pumps in buildings.
  • Table 36. Thermal long-duration energy storage approaches.
  • Table 37. Indicative annual TES installations by application (GWh) and annual market value (US$B), selected years.
  • Table 38. Chemical looping configurations and their functions.
  • Table 39. Outlook for chemical-looping routes in TES and hydrogen.
  • Table 40. Cold-storage technologies for cold chain and refrigeration.
  • Table 41. Cooling storage approaches by application scale.
  • Table 42. Thermal energy storage technologies summary.
  • Table 43. TES technology benchmarking for industrial applications.
  • Table 44. Key TES system-design considerations.
  • Table 45. TES design approaches for constant-parameter heat delivery.
  • Table 46. Sensible versus latent heat storage.
  • Table 47. Molten salt versus concrete as a thermal storage medium.
  • Table 48. Operating temperatures and time ranges for TES technologies.
  • Table 49. Molten-salt selection criteria and comparative properties.
  • Table 50. Concrete and solid materials in TES.
  • Table 51. High-temperature concrete and ceramic storage media.
  • Table 52. Natural and recycled solid storage materials.
  • Table 53. Heat-transfer-fluid compatibility with solid storage media.
  • Table 54. Phase change material families and characteristics.
  • Table 55. Advantages and disadvantages of parafiin wax PCMs.
  • Table 56. Advantages and disadvantages of non-paraffins.
  • Table 57. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-based phase change materials.
  • Table 58. Advantages and disadvantages of salt hydrates
  • Table 59. Representative commercial salt-hydrate PCM products.
  • Table 60. Advantages and disadvantages of low melting point metals.
  • Table 61. PCM encapsulation scales.
  • Table 62. PCM encapsulation selection considerations.
  • Table 63. Microencapsulation process and characteristics.
  • Table 64. Shape-stabilized PCM characteristics.
  • Table 65. Comparison of PCM encapsulation methods.
  • Table 66. Representative eutectic PCMs.
  • Table 67. Advantages and disadvantages of eutectics.
  • Table 68. Recent development directions in eutectic PCMs.
  • Table 69. Classification of thermochemical energy storage.
  • Table 70. Closed versus open sorption storage systems.
  • Table 71. Thermochemical storage materials by class.
  • Table 72. Thermochemical materials outlook by temperature band.
  • Table 73. Representative thermochemical storage prototypes.
  • Table 74. Advantages and disadvantages of thermochemical energy storage.
  • Table 75. Electro-thermal charging methods compared.
  • Table 76. Comparative properties of TES technologies.
  • Table 77. Environmental and safety considerations by TES family.
  • Table 78. Thermal energy storage revenues, by technology (US$ billions), 2020–2036.
  • Table 79. Thermal energy storage revenues, by application and end-use sector (US$ billions), 2020–2036.
  • Table 80. Thermal energy storage revenues, by region (US$ billions), 2020–2036.
  • Table 81. Thermal energy storage annual installations, by region (GWh), 2020–2036.
  • Table 82. Thermal energy storage annual installations, by technology (GWh), 2020–2036.
  • Table 83. Thermal energy storage annual installations, by market segment (GWh), 2020–2036.
  • Table 84. TES price and cost analysis.
  • Table 85. Thermal energy storage value chain.
  • Table 86. Representative TES deployment examples by application class.
  • Table 87. Existing and planned TES projects by industry / sector end-user.
  • Table 88. Cumulative installed TES capacity by region (GWh), 2020–2036.
  • Table 89. Operational TES projects
  • Table 90. Planned and under-construction TES projects.
  • Table 91. TES projects in power generation and utilities.
  • Table 92. TES projects in industrial manufacturing and process heat.
  • Table 93. TES projects in district heating and cooling.
  • Table 94. TES projects in buildings and construction.
  • Table 95. TES applications in transportation and mobility.
  • Table 96. Technology readiness level by company

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Global thermal energy storage market, 2020–2036 (USD billions).
  • Figure 2. Components of the energy-transition strategy and the role of thermal energy storage.
  • Figure 3. TES technologies by readiness and commercialization status (Technology Readiness Level).
  • Figure 4. Thermal energy storage innovation and deployment roadmap to 2036.
  • Figure 5. Thermal energy storage value chain.
  • Figure 6. Thermal energy storage revenues by technology, 2020–2036 (USD billions).
  • Figure 7. Thermal energy storage revenues by application and end-use, 2020–2036 (USD billions).
  • Figure 8. Thermal energy storage revenues, by region (Billions USD) 2020-2035.
  • Figure 9. Positioning of storage technologies by typical discharge duration and system power (illustrative).
  • Figure 10. Thermal energy storage working principle: charge, store and discharge.
  • Figure 11. Industrial process-heat demand by temperature band and TES addressability
  • Figure 12. Energy-capacity cost by storage technology (USD per kWh).
  • Figure 13. SWOT analysis: TES concentrated solar power.
  • Figure 14. Distribution of leading TES player headquarters by region.
  • Figure 15. Approximate distribution of non-CSP TES installations by region.
  • Figure 16. Approximate distribution of non-CSP TES installations by region.
  • Figure 17 . TES technologies by Commercial Readiness Level (CRL).
  • Figure 18. Cumulative non-CSP TES installed capacity by region, 2020–2036 (GWh, illustrative).
  • Figure 19. Industrial heat demand intensity by unit operation and temperature band.
  • Figure 20. SWOT analysis: TES for industrial process heat.
  • Figure 21. SWOT analysis: district heating and cooling.
  • Figure 22. SWOT analysis: TES for residential and commercial buildings.
  • Figure 23. Thermal energy storage annual installations by region, 2020–2036 (GWh).
  • Figure 24. Thermal energy storage annual installations by technology, 2020–2036 (GWh).
  • Figure 25. SWOT analysis: thermal long-duration energy storage.
  • Figure 26. CaL process scheme.
  • Figure 27. SWOT analysis: TES for cold chain and refrigeration.
  • Figure 28. Direct molten-salt storage system.
  • Figure 29. Indirect molten-salt storage system.
  • Figure 30. Molten-salt TES capacity installed globally (GWh).
  • Figure 31. Schematic of PCM in storage tank linked to solar collector.
  • Figure 32. UniQ line of thermal batteries.
  • Figure 33. Thermochemical storage methods and materials.
  • Figure 34. TES technologies by commercial readiness levels (CRL).
  • Figure 35. Thermal energy storage revenues, by technology (US$ billions), 2020–2036.
  • Figure 36. Thermal energy storage revenues, by application and end-use sector (US$ billions), 2020–2036.
  • Figure 37. Thermal energy storage revenues, by region (US$ billions), 2020–2036.
  • Figure 38. Thermal energy storage annual installations, by technology (GWh), 2020–2036.
  • Figure 39. Thermal energy storage annual installations, by market segment (GWh), 2020–2036.
  • Figure 40. Planned/under-construction TES pipeline by company segment (GWh).
  • Figure 41. Thermal energy storage installations, by region (GWh) 2020-2036.
  • Figure 42. Thermal energy storage installations, by technology (GWh) 2020-2036.
  • Figure 43. 1414’s thermal energy storage system (TESS)
  • Figure 44. Caldera battery system.