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市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1890737
水力發電市場規模、佔有率、成長及全球產業分析:依類型、應用和地區劃分的洞察與預測(2024-2032 年)Hydropower Market Size, Share, Growth and Global Industry Analysis By Type & Application, Regional Insights and Forecast to 2024-2032 |
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全球水力發電市場仍是清潔能源轉型最重要的支柱之一,能夠實現可靠的再生能源發電和大規模電力供應。根據2024-2032年市場評估,2024年全球水力發電市場規模為1,090.5億美元。在電力需求成長、政府激勵措施、基礎設施擴建以及對碳中和能源系統日益增長的關注等因素的推動下,預計到2025年,該市場規模將達到1,160.9億美元。從長遠來看,亞太、北美和歐洲的強勁成長將推動市場發展,預計到2032年,該市場規模將達到1,844.3億美元。這意味著在預測期內,該市場將維持6.84%的穩定複合年增長率。
由於水力發電具有可靠性、儲能能力以及能夠靈活平衡太陽能和風能等間歇性能源的優勢,它仍然是全球最大的可再生能源。到 2024 年,亞太地區將以 58.75% 的市場佔有率主導全球市場,這主要得益於大規模的基礎設施投資、快速的發電裝置容量增長以及中國、印度和東南亞國家等主要水力發電生產國的存在。
市場驅動因素
水力發電廠具有卓越的電網靈活性,與煤炭、天然氣和核電廠相比,它們可以快速擴大發電規模。這種運作優勢使水力發電能夠彌補風能和太陽能發電的波動,從而對維持穩定、清潔和可靠的電力系統至關重要。隨著各國擴大再生能源裝置容量,快速啟動、停止和重啟發電的能力變得越來越重要。
世界各國政府都在大力投資擴大水力發電規模。得益於激勵措施、補貼和再生能源強制性政策,發展持續加速。例如,2024年8月,印度政府批准中央財政支持,鼓勵東北地區參與水力發電建設,從而推動新增15,000兆瓦水電裝置容量。這個政策框架促進了該行業的長期成長,並吸引了國內外投資。
市場限制因子
高額的資本成本
水力發電專案需要大量的初始投資、較長的建設週期以及複雜的監管審批流程。偏遠的專案地點會增加營運成本和維護需求。根據美國國家再生能源實驗室 (NREL) 的數據,2022 年新建河段開發案的成本將在每千瓦 6,574 美元至 8,611 美元之間,這將帶來巨大的財務挑戰,尤其是在發展中國家。
市場機會
小型數位化水力發電的成長
小型水力發電廠因其環境影響小且易於在偏遠地區運行,具有巨大的市場潛力。數位技術、預測分析和自動化有望提高效能並降低成本。產業估計表明,數位化水力發電系統每年可額外發電 42 太瓦時,降低營運成本 50 億美元,並顯著減少排放。
市場趨勢
抽水蓄能電站 (PSH) 的崛起
抽水蓄能電站如同可充電水電池,正迅速成為全球領先的儲能方式。抽水蓄能電站系統可提供長時間儲能,增強電網韌性,並支援間歇性再生能源的併網。美國擁有全球最大的抽水蓄能電站之一——巴斯縣 3 吉瓦電站,可為 75 萬戶家庭提供 11 小時的電力。根據國際水力發電協會統計,全球抽水蓄能電站系統儲能容量高達 9,000 吉瓦。
新冠疫情的影響
疫情初期,供應鏈延遲、勞動力短缺和融資限制擾亂了水電開發。在一些市場,電力需求下降超過20%,影響了收入。然而,長期購電協議和該行業的可靠性穩定了營運。產業信心一度從77%降至56%,但隨著各國政府優先考慮清潔能源投資以促進經濟復甦,復甦速度加快。
區域概覽
亞太地區-全球領導者
預計到2024年,亞太地區的市場規模將達到640.7億美元,主要得益於中國、印度和東南亞的大型計畫。中國計畫在2027年新增80吉瓦抽水蓄能裝置容量,2024年5月水力發電量達到1,150億度。預計到2025年,中國抽水蓄能市場規模將達到295.3億美元,而日本和印度的市場規模預計將分別達到214.7億美元和45.1億美元。
北美
預計2025年,北美市場規模將達到140.2億美元。美國擁有2,252座水力發電廠,總裝置容量為80.92吉瓦,並正獲得聯邦清潔能源立法的大力支持,以推進水力發電現代化。預計到 2025 年,光是美國市場規模就將達到 72.7 億美元。
歐洲
預計到 2025 年,歐洲市場規模將達到 237 億美元。該地區優先發展抽水蓄能發電、老舊資產現代化改造和電網靈活性解決方案。預計到 2025 年,西班牙、德國和義大利的全球水力發電市場規模將分別達到 162 億美元、36.1 億美元和 15.2 億美元。
The global hydropower market remains one of the most critical pillars of the clean energy transition, offering reliable, renewable, and large-scale electricity generation. According to the 2024-2032 market assessment, the global hydropower market size was valued at USD 109.05 billion in 2024. Driven by rising electricity demand, government incentives, infrastructure expansion, and growing emphasis on carbon-neutral energy systems, the market is expected to reach USD 116.09 billion in 2025. Over the long term, robust growth across Asia Pacific, North America, and Europe is projected to push the market to USD 184.43 billion by 2032, reflecting a steady CAGR of 6.84% during the forecast period.
Hydropower remains the largest source of renewable electricity globally due to its reliability, storage capability, and flexibility in balancing intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind. In 2024, Asia Pacific dominated the global market with a 58.75% share, supported by massive infrastructure investments, rapid capacity additions, and the presence of major hydropower nations including China, India, and Southeast Asian economies.
Market Drivers
Hydropower plants offer exceptional grid flexibility, as they can ramp electricity generation up or down quickly compared to coal, natural gas, or nuclear facilities. This operational advantage allows hydropower to compensate for fluctuations in wind and solar output, making it essential for maintaining stable, clean, and reliable electricity systems. The ability to start, stop, and restart generation swiftly is increasingly valuable as countries add more renewable capacity.
Governments worldwide are investing heavily in hydropower expansion. Incentives, subsidies, and renewable energy mandates continue to accelerate development. For instance, in August 2024, India approved Central Financial Assistance to support hydropower equity participation in the North Eastern Region, enabling the development of 15,000 MW of new hydro capacity. Such policy frameworks foster long-term sector growth and attract both domestic and international investments.
Market Restraints
High Capital Costs
Hydropower projects require large upfront capital, long construction timelines, and complex regulatory approvals. Remote project sites increase operational costs and maintenance needs. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, New Stream-Reach Development projects cost between USD 6,574/kW and USD 8,611/kW in 2022, presenting financial challenges, especially in developing economies.
Market Opportunities
Growth in Small-Scale and Digitized Hydropower
Small hydropower plants offer significant market potential due to their low environmental impact and adaptability in remote regions. Digital technologies, predictive analytics, and automation can enhance performance and reduce costs. Industry estimates suggest that digitalized hydropower systems could add 42 TWh of output annually, save USD 5 billion in operational costs, and reduce emissions significantly.
Market Trends
Rise of Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH)
Pumped storage hydropower is becoming the world's leading energy storage method, functioning like a rechargeable water battery. PSH systems provide long-duration storage, enhance grid resilience, and support intermittent renewable integration. The U.S. hosts one of the largest PSH plants-the 3 GW Bath County facility, capable of powering 750,000 homes for 11 hours. Globally, PSH systems store up to 9,000 GWh of electricity, according to the International Hydropower Association.
Impact of COVID-19
The pandemic initially disrupted hydropower development due to supply chain delays, worker shortages, and financing constraints. In some markets, electricity demand dropped by over 20%, impacting revenues. However, long-term power purchase agreements and the sector's dependability helped stabilize operations. Industry confidence temporarily fell from 77% to 56%, but recovery accelerated as governments emphasized clean energy investment for economic revival.
Regional Overview
Asia Pacific - Global Leader
Asia Pacific generated USD 64.07 billion in 2024, supported by large-scale projects in China, India, and Southeast Asia. China alone aims to add 80 GW of pumped storage capacity by 2027 and reached 115 billion kWh hydropower generation in May 2024. By 2025, China's market value is expected to reach USD 29.53 billion, while Japan and India will reach USD 21.47 billion and USD 4.51 billion, respectively.
North America
North America is projected to reach USD 14.02 billion in 2025. The U.S. has 2,252 hydropower facilities generating 80.92 GW, with strong modernization support from federal clean energy legislation. The U.S. market alone will reach USD 7.27 billion in 2025.
Europe
Europe is expected to reach USD 23.70 billion in 2025. The region is prioritizing pumped storage, modernization of aging assets, and grid flexibility solutions. Spain will reach USD 16.20 billion, Germany USD 3.61 billion, and Italy USD 1.52 billion in 2025.
Conclusion
With the market forecast to rise from USD 109.05 billion in 2024 to USD 184.43 billion by 2032, hydropower remains central to global decarbonization strategies. Increasing investments, technological advancements, supportive policies, and rising energy demand ensure strong long-term market potential. Hydropower's ability to deliver reliable baseload power and large-scale storage positions it as a vital contributor to the global clean energy transition.
Segmentation By Type
By Region