![]() |
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1884037
細菌疫苗市場規模、佔有率、成長及全球產業分析:依類型、應用和地區劃分的洞察與預測(2024-2032 年)Bacterial Vaccines Market Size, Share, Growth and Global Industry Analysis By Type & Application, Regional Insights and Forecast to 2024-2032 |
||||||
由於細菌感染發生率上升、疫苗技術進步以及預防保健意識增強,全球細菌疫苗市場正經歷強勁增長。 2024 年,該市場價值為 272.3 億美元,預計 2025 年將成長至 296.8 億美元,到 2032 年將達到 626.6 億美元,呈現強勁的成長趨勢。 2024 年,北美市場佔主導地位,佔全球市場佔有率的 55.67%。這得歸功於廣泛的疫苗接種計劃、大量的醫療保健支出以及強大的研發基礎設施。
市場動態與推動因素
細菌疫苗旨在透過刺激免疫系統識別並攻擊細菌病原體來保護個體免受細菌感染。白喉、破傷風、百日咳和肺炎球菌感染等細菌性疾病在全球範圍內的日益流行,使得對有效疫苗的需求強勁。人口密度增加和人口遷移模式的轉變進一步加劇了細菌感染的傳播,推動了疫苗接種計劃的擴展。
政府主導的措施、宣傳活動以及醫療保健投資的增加是推動市場成長的關鍵因素。例如,標靶細菌疫苗正在癌症免疫療法等創新應用領域進行研究,這些療法可以訓練免疫系統識別並攻擊癌細胞,從而進一步擴大市場潛力。
市場挑戰與阻礙因素
監管障礙仍然是細菌疫苗市場面臨的主要挑戰。疫苗研發涉及漫長的臨床試驗和審批流程,通常需要 10-15 年,每個產品耗資數百萬美元。各國監管要求不盡相同,使得全球審核更加複雜。此外,私部門的定價限制(例如,腦膜炎雙球菌疫苗每劑 189.35 美元(美國疾病管制與預防中心,2025 年 6 月))可能會限制獲利能力並抑制市場成長。
細菌病原體的複雜性也構成挑戰。細菌擁有多種抗原,難以確定哪些抗原能引發持續的免疫反應。這需要對研發進行大量投資,進而影響新產品的上市速度。
市場機會
日益嚴重的抗菌素抗藥性 (AMR) 帶來了巨大的成長機會。由於超過 70% 的主要細菌菌株對抗生素具有抗藥性,疫苗提供了一種預防性解決方案,可以減少對抗生素的依賴,並減緩抗藥性病原體的出現。諸如 CARB-X 等全球資助計畫正在大力投資細菌疫苗的研發,凸顯了該市場的成長潛力。
市場趨勢
一個關鍵的市場趨勢是開發耐熱疫苗,這種疫苗可以在 -20°C 至 +40°C 的極端溫度下保持穩定。此類創新降低了對冷鏈物流的依賴,並提高了疫苗的可近性,尤其是在新興經濟體。例如,Stablepharma公司於2025年4月啟動了全球首款冷藏細菌疫苗SPVX02的人體試驗。耐熱疫苗,包括肺炎球菌疫苗和Hib疫苗,作為兒科疫苗,日益受到關注。
依疫苗類型劃分,重組疫苗、結合疫苗和次單位疫苗因其高效性、長期保護作用和簡化的生產工藝,在2024年佔市場主導地位。滅活疫苗維持第二大市場佔有率,並因其穩定性和對免疫功能低下患者的適用性而持續成長。
依給藥途徑劃分,注射疫苗在2024年佔市場主導地位,這主要得益於其高效性和政府主導的疫苗接種運動。口服疫苗因其給藥方便、安全性高和成本優勢,正迅速成為一個快速成長的細分市場。
依年齡組別劃分,兒科市場在2024年佔主導地位,這主要得益於不斷增長的出生人口和廣泛的疫苗接種計劃,包括DTP3疫苗(預計到2023年全球覆蓋率將達到84%:世界衛生組織,2024年7月)。由於細菌感染的日益普遍以及成人疫苗的研發,成人疫苗也備受關注。
依適應症劃分,肺炎鏈球菌感染疫苗佔市場主導地位,其次是白喉-破傷風-百日咳疫苗。
預計北美市場將在2024年以151.6億美元的市場規模引領市場,主要得益於免疫接種計畫、強大的研發實力和監管支持。歐洲市場也因國家免疫接種計劃和集中式疫苗採購系統而保持穩定成長。亞太地區是成長最快的地區,以印度和中國為首,並得到當地疫苗生產商和政府宣傳活動的支持。拉丁美洲以及中東和非洲地區也正逐步擴大規模,這得益於聯合國兒童基金會-全球疫苗免疫聯盟(UNICEF-GAVI)的疫苗接種計劃以及耐熱疫苗的推廣應用。
The global bacterial vaccines market is experiencing robust growth due to rising incidence of bacterial infections, advancements in vaccine technology, and increasing awareness of preventive healthcare. The market was valued at USD 27.23 billion in 2024, projected to grow to USD 29.68 billion in 2025, and expected to reach USD 62.66 billion by 2032, demonstrating a strong upward trajectory. North America dominated the market in 2024, accounting for 55.67% of the global share, supported by widespread vaccination initiatives, substantial healthcare spending, and strong research and development infrastructure.
Market Dynamics and Drivers
Bacterial vaccines are designed to protect individuals from bacterial infections by stimulating the immune system to recognize and combat bacterial pathogens. Rising global prevalence of bacterial diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and pneumococcal infections has created a strong demand for effective vaccines. Increased population density and migration patterns further contribute to the spread of bacterial infections, encouraging higher adoption of vaccination programs.
Government initiatives, awareness campaigns, and rising healthcare investments are key drivers of growth. For instance, targeted bacterial vaccines are being explored for innovative applications such as cancer immunotherapy, where they train the immune system to identify and attack cancer cells, further expanding market potential.
Market Challenges and Restraints
Regulatory hurdles remain a significant challenge in the bacterial vaccines market. Vaccine development involves lengthy clinical trials and approval timelines, often spanning 10-15 years, with costs running into millions of dollars per product. Regulatory requirements vary across countries, complicating global approvals. Additionally, pricing constraints in the private sector-such as the Meningococcal vaccine cost of USD 189.35 per dose (CDC, June 2025)-may limit profitability, which could restrain market growth.
The complexity of bacterial pathogens also poses challenges. Bacteria possess diverse antigens, making it difficult to identify which antigens will trigger long-lasting immune responses. This requires substantial investment in research and development, impacting the speed of new product introduction.
Market Opportunities
The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers lucrative growth opportunities. With over 70% of major bacterial strains exhibiting antibiotic resistance, vaccines provide a preventive solution, reducing reliance on antibiotics and slowing the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. Global funding initiatives, such as CARB-X, are investing heavily in bacterial vaccine development, highlighting the market's potential for growth.
Trends in the Market
A major trend in the market is the development of thermostable vaccines, capable of remaining stable in extreme temperatures ranging from -20°C to +40°C. Such innovations reduce dependency on cold-chain logistics and increase vaccine accessibility, particularly in emerging economies. For example, Stablepharma initiated human trials for SPVX02, the world's first fridge-free bacterial vaccine, in April 2025. Thermostable vaccines are increasingly being targeted for pediatric vaccines, including pneumococcal and Hib vaccines.
By type, the recombinant/conjugate/subunit segment dominated in 2024 due to its efficacy, long-term protection, and simplified manufacturing process. The inactivated segment is the second-largest and is growing due to its stability and suitability for immunocompromised individuals.
By route of administration, parenteral vaccines led the market in 2024 because of higher efficacy and government-supported immunization campaigns. Oral vaccines are emerging as a fast-growing segment due to ease of administration, safety, and cost advantages.
By age group, the pediatric segment dominated in 2024, driven by rising birth cohorts and extensive immunization programs, including the DTP3 vaccine, which reached 84% global coverage in 2023 (WHO, July 2024). Adult vaccines are also gaining attention due to rising bacterial infection prevalence and R&D in adult-targeted vaccines.
By indication, pneumococcal disease led the market, followed by diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccines.
North America dominated with USD 15.16 billion in 2024, driven by vaccination programs, strong R&D, and regulatory support. Europe is growing steadily with national immunization programs and centralized vaccine procurement systems. Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing region, led by India and China, supported by local vaccine manufacturers and government campaigns. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are expanding gradually, bolstered by UNICEF and GAVI vaccination initiatives and the adoption of thermostable vaccines.
Competitive Landscape
Key players include Sanofi (France), GSK plc. (U.K.), Merck & Co., Inc. (U.S.), Bharat Biotech (India), Pfizer Inc. (U.S.), Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. (U.S.), and the Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. These companies focus on R&D, strategic partnerships, and global distribution networks. Notable developments include Pfizer's PREVENAR 20 approval in March 2024 and Merck's Capvaxive pneumococcal vaccine approval in June 2024.
Conclusion
With a market size of USD 27.23 billion in 2024, growing to USD 29.68 billion in 2025 and projected to reach USD 62.66 billion by 2032, the bacterial vaccines market is set for strong growth. Driven by rising bacterial disease prevalence, antimicrobial resistance concerns, technological advancements, and expanding immunization programs, the market offers substantial opportunities for vaccine manufacturers, healthcare providers, and public health organizations globally.
Segmentation By Type
By Route of Administration
By Age Group
By Indication
By Distribution Channel
By Geography